ADR 



ADR 



Adrian III. Pope, fucceeded Marinus, A. D. R?^. 

 This pope, dcfirous of emancipating Italy and tiic papal fee 

 from their dependence upon tlie emperor of Gernianv, pafied 

 ?. decree, that, if Charles IhoulJ die without male ilYue, the 

 title of emperor fhould he beftowcd only on natives of Italv, 

 and that the authonty of the emperor (hould be dilregarded 

 in the creation of a pope. Bal'il attempted to perfuade 

 Adrian to annul the excommimicatiou of liis predeeefTor 

 againll Photius, but did not fucceed. The pope died in his 

 way to the diet at Worms, in 8Sy. Bower. 



Adrias IV. Pope, the 0!ily Engliflmian who ever had 

 the honour to fit in St. Peter's chair. His name was A7- 

 colat Brelfjxre or lireed/pettr ; and he was born towards 

 the clofc of the eleventh ccntuiy, at Langley, U'.ar St. 

 Alban's, in Hertfordfliire, Mis father, being poor, and 

 having aflfumed the habit of the monaftcry of St. Alban's, 

 was unable to provide for him. I'eing refnfed the habit for 

 which he applied, he went to Paris, where he was d'llin- 

 giiiflied both by his application and proficiency. Prom 

 Paris he removed to the monalleiy of St. Rufus, in Pro- 

 vence ; here he became a regular clerk ; and upon the death 

 of the abbot in 1137, he was chofeTi iupcrior of tliat houie, 

 vhich he rebuilt. Of this dignity he was depiived in con- 

 fequence of the comphiiiits and accufations ot the monks, 

 who were dillatistied with the government of a foreigner : 

 hut pope Eugenius III. having heard their charges, and 

 .his defence, declared hiin innocent, and advanced him, in 

 1 146, to the higher ilation of cardinal bifliop of Alba. In 

 1 148 he was fent as apoftolical legate, to Denmark and 

 Nonvay, where, by his ddigent iullruetion, he converted 

 thofe barbarous nations to the Chriftian faith ; and it is 

 faid that he erecled the church at Upfal into an arcUi-epifco- 

 ■pal fee. Upon his retiu-n to Rome, he was niuch honoured 

 .by the pope and cardinals ; and on the death of pope 

 Anaftafius, who had fucceeded Eugenius, he was unani- 

 jnoufiy chofen to the papal chair in November 1 154, and 

 atlumed the name of Adrian. As foon as the news of his 

 promotion reachad England, Henrj' II. fent a deputation 

 of an abbot and three billiops to congratulate him on his 

 .cletlion ; and upon this occafion he granted confiderable 

 privileges to the nionaftery of St. Albans. But he refufcd 

 the valuable prefents which they offered him, faying jocofely, 

 " I will not accept your gihs, becaufe, when I wifiicd to 

 take the habit of your monallery, you refuicd me." To 

 •which the abbot pertinentlv and fmartly replied ; " It was 

 not for us to oppofe the will of Providence, which jiad 

 ideftined you for greater things." In the next year he gave 

 Heni-y leave to undertake the conqueil of Ireland, and fent 

 him a bull for that purpole, in which he teilifies his appro- 

 bation of the ob'jccl of the expedition, and the enlargement 

 •of the boundaries of tlie Chrillian church, and commands 

 the people of that country to acknowledge him as their fo- 

 vereign lord. He reminds the king, at the fame time, of 

 the rights of the Chrillian church ; claiming all the iflands 

 which embraced Chriflianlty, as St. Peter's right, and be- 

 longing to the holy Roman church ; and exhorting to the 

 regular payment of the Peter pence which he had promifed. 

 He admonilhes him alfo to ufe his endeavours for rcform- 

 ang the manners of the people, and to commit the govern- 

 ment of the churches to able and virtuous perfons, fo that 

 he might thus deferve an evtrlafting reward in heaven, and 

 tranfmit a glorious name to poittrity. Adrian's indul- 

 ^gence to this prince was fo great, that he confented to ab- 

 folve him from the oath he had taken, not to fet afide any 

 ^art of liis father's vill. 



In the beginning of his pontificate he conftrained the 

 magiflrates of Rome to abdicate the authority they bad af- 



fumed In their efforts to recover the ancient liberty of the 

 people under the coufuls, and to leave the government of 

 the city to the pope. In 1155 he drove the heretic Ar- 

 nold of Iireftia, and his followers, from Rome. He alfo 

 excommunicated William king of Sicily, wI;o ravaged the 

 territories of the church, and abiolvtd his lubjects from 

 their allegiance. . In his inteniew with Frederick king of 

 the Romans, with whom he concluded a peace when he hi- 

 v.ided Italy, this prince condcfcendcd to hold his lliiTup 

 wliilll he mounted his horfe ; in confequence of which 

 Adrian condncled him to Rome, and placed the imperial 

 crown on his head in St. Peter's chvirch, to the great mor- 

 tification of the Roman people, who aflembled tumultuoufly 

 and kilkd feveral of tlse im.perialills. The Sicilian king, 

 having taken an oath, not to prejudice the ctiurch, was ho- 

 noured by Adrian, in 1 \ ^G, with the title of the A7nf cf 

 thf T1L0 S'uitics. Till,; pope built and fortified feveral 

 caiUes, and left the papal dcminiouj m a m.orc powerful and 

 flomifning condition than he found them. However, 1. •. 

 complained of the diiquietudes attendant on his high fta- 

 tion ; and in a letter to his old friend John of Salifbuiy, he 

 fays, that St. Peter's chaii- was the moll uneafy feat in the 

 world, and that his ciuwn feemed to be clapped burning on 

 his he;id. He died, September I, 1159, in the fourth year 

 and tenth month of his pontificate, and was buried in St. 

 Peter's chmch, near the tomb ot liis predecefTor Eugenius. 

 Dr. Cave informs us, that he allowed his mother to be 

 maintained by the alms of the church of Canterbury. Tliere 

 are extant feveral letters written by pope Adrian, and fom^ 

 homilies. Biog. Brit. 



Adrian V. Pope, a Genoefe, whofe name was Otto- 

 boni Ficfci, fucceeded Innocent V. A. D. 1276. He was 

 created by his uncle Innocent IV. cardinal deacotv of St. 

 Adrian, and in 1294 fent by him to England, to fcttle tlK 

 difputes between Henry HI. and his barons; and he was 

 employed again for the fame purpofc, by Clement III. 

 when he ifTued a fentence of excommunication againll the 

 king's enemies. To thofe who congratulated him on his 

 acceffion to the papal chair, he replied, " I xvifli you had 

 found me a healthy cardinal, rather than a dying pope." 

 Immediately after his eleftion he went to Vittrbo to meet 

 the emperor Rodolphus, for the purpofe of oppofmg tlie 

 ufurpation of Charles, king of the Two Sicilies ; but died 

 foon after his arrival, having enjoved his dignity only thirty- 

 eight days. He zealouOy encouraged the crufade to the 

 Holy Land, and upon his election fent a large fum to 

 Conltantinoplii towards building galleys ; and he alfo fur- 

 nilhed further lupplies. Bower. 



Adrian \T. Pope, was a native of Utrecht, the fon 

 of a tapelliy weaver, or, as fome fa^', of a brewer's fervant. 

 He fucceeded Leo X. A. D. 1522. He was educated 

 gratuitoufly at Louvam, and dillinguidied liimfelf by his ap- 

 plication and proficiency. Through the intercft of Margaret, 

 widow of the duke of Burgundy, and fifter of Edward IV. 

 of England, he obtained the profcfibrfliip of divinity ia 

 Louvain, the deanery of the cathedral, and the vice-chan- 

 cellorlhip of the univerfity. Having been appointed tutor 

 to Charles, tlie grandfon of Maximilian, and the young 

 prince preferring arms to letters, Adrian was employed by 

 the emperor on an embaffy to Ferdinand king of Spain, in 

 confequence of which he obtained the bilh.upric ot 1'or- 

 tofa. When Charles was left fole heir to the dominions 

 of Ferdinand, he appointed Adrian regent during his 

 minority : but as Cardinal Ximents had been named 

 for this office l."- Ferdinand, they both united, in the go- 

 vernment of the countiy. Xuncnts, however, was the real, 

 and Adrian merclv nominal regent. In 15 17 the emperor 



Jilaximilian 



