ADR 



cardinal. After his condemnation, it is faid that he took 

 refuge amonoll the Turks in Afia. Polydore Virgil extols 

 his talents and learning, and fays that he was the firft fince the 

 age of Cicero, who revived the purity of the Latin language, 

 and taught men to draw their knowled<i;e from the lources 

 of the bed and mod learned authors. Biog. Brit. 



Adrian, a learned Carlhufian, who wrote a treatife in- 

 titled Dc Renicdiis utriufque fortune;, the firft edition of 

 which wa5 publiilud at Cologn in 147 1, 4L0. The book 

 is fcarce and much efiecmed. 



ADRIANA, in ylnchnt Geography, an epifcopal city 

 of the Hellefpont, under the metropolis of Cyzicus. 



ADRIANKUM, MrAes ILnlrhmi, the magnificent Mau- 

 foleum erefted by Adrian in the lefler field of lylars at 

 Rome, over againft that of AuguHus, and conneftcd with 

 it by a bridge. It is of a fquare form, and in the midlt of 

 it there is a lofty round tower. It ferved as a citadel when 

 Rome was bcfieged by Viliges, king of the Goths, and 

 the Romans defended themfelves by carting fragments of 

 the Ilatues upon their enemies. Here Adrian was buried 

 and all the Antonines. 



ADRIANI, JoANNi Ballista, in Biography, was 

 born of a Patrician family, at Florence, in 1 5 1 1 . He wrote 

 a hiilory of his own times in Italian, beginning in 1536, 

 and terminating in 1574, and defigned as a continuation of 

 Guicciardini, to which Thuanus (Hift. 1. 68.) acknowledges 

 Jiimfelf much indebted. He alfo compofed fix funeral ora- 

 tions, and is thought to have been the author of a long let- 

 ter on ancient painters and fculptors, prefixed to the third 

 volume of Vafari. He died at Florence, in 1579. Biog. 

 Did. 



Adriani, m yfiiclenl Geography, furaamed Ad olymphim, 

 a city of Afia Minor, in Bithynia. 



ADRIANIDjE, in An-ient Hijlory, a new tribe efta- 

 b'.iihed by the Athenians in honour of Adrian, after the 

 example of thrit which was formed in honour of Attains, 

 king of Pergamos, and comprehending the villages of Ele- 

 onfa, Oa, and Pifigaia. 



ADRIANISTS, in Ecchf,.iJ}-\cal Hifory, a branch of 

 Anabaptifts, the dilciples of Adrian Hamitedius, in the i6th 

 centur)', who taught firft: in Zealand, and afterwards in 

 England. The Adrianifts, befides tlie common dogma of 

 anabaptifm, are iaid to have had fomepecuhar notions relat- 

 ing to the perfon of Chrift. 



Theodoret mentions a more ancient fed. of this name, 

 who were followers of Simon Magus. 



ADRIANO-A-SIERRA, in Geography, a mountain of 

 Guipufcoa, in Bifcay, one of the higlieil of the Pyrennees. 

 It is crofTed in the way from Bifcay to Old Caftile. 



ADRIANOPLE, or Andrinople, in Geography, a 

 city of Turkey in Europe, in the province of Romania, 

 called anciently Orejlci, and now Etirerie by the Turks, but 

 deriving its name from the emperor Adrian, who founded or 

 re.lored it. It is fituated on the Hebrus or Marifs, at the 

 confluence of the I'unfa and the Harda, and rifes gently on 

 the fide of a fmall hill. It is about five miles in circumfe- 

 rence, fays ChifliuU in his travels, p. 63. The form of it 

 is circular, and it is furrounded with decayed walls and 

 towers. The houfes are generally built of mud and clay, 

 and fome of them of brick ; and the ftreets are dirty and 

 narrow. The bazar or market place, called Alt Bnjfa, is 

 an arched building about half a mile long, with fix gates, 

 and a great number of (hops that are occupied by Turks, 

 Armenians and Jews. There is alfo another bazar of meaner 

 ftrufture, about a mile long, containing many (hops, and 

 well ftored with various commodities. And in another part 

 -of ths tewn, there is a third mai-ket place, called iKeJlc'w, 



ADR 



covered like the former, and provided with a number of 

 (hops, in which are fold the manufaftures of gold and filver, 

 jewels, piftoh, &c. There are four mofques, the principal 

 of which is that of Sultan Selim, built by him of materials 

 brought from the ruins of Famagufta, in the ifland of Cy- 

 prus. It is conftrufted like a theatre with one ftately room, 

 terminating upwards in a cupola, and it is beautifully 

 fituated on the fide of a hill, in the midllof the city. The 

 emperor's feraglio Hands in a plain near the river Tunfa or 

 Tungia. The grand vizier's palace is only a common 

 houfc, after the Turkidi manner of building, which is two 

 miles in compafs, and has fevcn gates befides thofe of the 

 gardens, which are feveral miles in circumference. The 

 objeils moil worthy of attention are, the mofques, the 

 roofs of which are covered with copper, having alfo lofty 

 Jleeples and colonnades, with pedtftals and chapiters of call 

 brafs, beautiful marble gates of exquifite fculpture, de- 

 lightful fountains, itately porticos with gilded balls on the 

 top, and curious tapeiliy ; all which ex'nibit a very grand 

 appearance. The city, which is faid to contain about 100,000 

 inhabitants, is under the government of a Mullah Cadi, 

 who has an abfolute authority in all civil and criminal mat- 

 ters. The commerce of this place, favoured by the river 

 that waters it, has drawn hither people from all nations. 

 It is now the refidence of a Greek bifiiop, and the grand 

 fignior fometimes vifits this city, either for pleafure or fafety, 

 when the plague or war makes it neceffary for him to leave 

 Conllantinople. In i 350 Sultan Amurath firft took it from 

 the Chriftians, from which time it became the feat of the 

 Turkifli emperor, till Conllantinople was reduced in 1458. 

 In 1 754, it fufFered greatly by fire. The adjacent country is 

 vei-y fertile, and fupplies the town with all kinds of necefla- 

 ries ; and the wine in particular, is reckoned the beft in 

 Turkey. Chifiiull takes it to be that mentioned by Hefiod, 

 in his Oper. and Dies. 1. 2. v. 107. where he fays. 



This is a fee of a Greek archbifhop under the patriarch of 

 Conftantinople. N. lat. 41° 41'. E. long. 26° 27'. 



ADRIANOPOLIS, in Ancient Geography, i. e. the 

 city of Adrian, a name given to various cities in difi'erent 

 countries, that were either built or repaired by the em- 

 peror Adrian. The number of thefe cities is not lefs than 

 nine. The city of Thrace ftill retains its name. 



Adrianopolis, was a city of Epirus, fouth of Apol- 

 lonia. This affumed the appellation Juftinianopolis, after the 

 emperor Juilinian. 



Adrianopolis of Bithynia, in Afia Minor, called .So//, 

 was fituated upon the Billsus, weft of Cratia. 



ADRIANOTHERA, Ajpiav™ 9r,f«.;, Adrian's chace, 

 or hunt, a city of Myfia, which retained its name in the 

 fifth centuiy, and which was founded by Adrian in a dif- 

 trift of Myfia, whither he reforted for the pleafures of the 

 chace. His fondnefs for thefe fports was fo great, that he 

 erefted monuments for his dogs and horfes ; and he com- 

 pofed an epitaph for his horfe Bdrifthenes, which he had 

 often ufed in hunting. Dion. Caff. tom. ii. p. 1159. Ed. 

 Reim. This is probably the fame city with Adrlanl, 

 which was the birth-place of Ariftides the Sophitl. There 

 was another Ariadne or Adrianopolis, in Lybia C)Te- 

 naica. 



ADRIANSEN, Alexander, in Biography, a painter 

 who excelled in painting fruit, flowers, fifii, and ftill-life, 

 was born at Antwerp, about the year 1625. All his objefts 

 are well coloured, with an agreeable effeft, from the judi- 

 cious management of the chiaro fcuro, and with a remark- 

 able tranl'parence. Pilkington's Dift. 



ADRIANUM or Adriaticum Mare, now the gulf 



of 



