A D V 



the body, paiticiilaily the pores of the fliin ; and alfo to 

 li^nifv the ftyptic quality of medicines. See Astrin- 



GKSTS. 



AD TERMINUM qui fintteriit, is a writ of entry, 

 which lies where a man hiiving leafed lands or tenement; for 

 tcnns of life, or years, is, alter the time expired, held 

 from them by the tenant, or other ftranger, who enjoys the 

 fame, and dcforceth the lefTor. The fame wrif alfo lies for 

 the lefr.)r's heir. 



Al)\J ACA T(iiij;rorum, in /liic'ient Geography, Tenure, 

 « city (if Ganl, the capital of the Tungri. It was called 

 t)y Cacfai- Atualuca, and by Ptolemy /itnatucum. It became 

 «ii epifcopal fee ; but after its deftruftion by Attila, in 

 4P, the ice was ttansfencd firft to Tvajedum Mof,f, i. e. 

 Mallricht, and afterwards to Liege. 



ADVANCE, in Commerci, denotes money paid before 

 goods are dcUvered, work done, or bidinefs pei-ior;ned. To 

 tiav a note of hand or bill by advance, is to pay the value 

 before it becomes due ; in which cafe, it is ufual to allow a 

 difcouiit for the lime it is pre-advanctd. 



Advancf. Bay, in Geography, lies on the eaft ftde of 

 Hndfon's Bay, in that part called " the new difcovered 

 fca," into which is alfo a paiTage to the fouth-weft from 

 Rcfolution idands, at the fouth-eaft end of Hudfon's ftraits. 



An\- AS CE-Fofi, or Ditch, in Fort'ificoUon, denotes a 

 ditch of water round the efplanade, or glacis of a place, 

 to prevent its being furpriled by the befiegers. The name 

 is alio given to that part of the lines or retrenchment neareft 

 the enemy, to prevent him from attacking them. The ad- 

 vance-folTe fliould be always fiJl of water, or elfe it will 

 ferve to cover the enemy from the fire of the place, if he 

 Ihould become mafler of the fofTe. Beyond this fofle, it 

 is ufual to conflruft lunettes, redouts, &c. See Fossn. 



Advance-Guard, or Van-guard, in the Military art, 

 is the firft line, or divifion of an army, ranged or marching 

 in battle ana}', or that part of it which is next tlie enemy, 

 or which marches firft towards them. The whole body 

 of an army is divided into ad'oance-guard, rear-guard, and 

 Viain-body. 



The word is alfo fomctimes applied to a fmall party of 

 horfe, viz. fifteen or twenty, commanded by a lieutenant, 

 beyond, and in fight of the main-guard. 



ADVANCER, among Sportfmcn, is one of the flarts, 

 or branches on a buck's attire, between the back-antler and 

 the palm. 



ADUAR, a kind of ainbulaton' village, which Arab 

 families inliabit, in a fort of tents, moveable on occafion as 

 forage and provifions fuit. Some alfo write the word adouar 

 and adouard. There ai-e reckoned 30,000 aduars in the 

 kingdom of Algiers. 



ADVATICI, in Anciinl Hiftory, were the remains of 

 thole Cim.bri and Teutones whom Marins had defeated in 

 Italy. They had been left to the number of about 600, 

 on the banks of the Rhine, to guard the baggage and 

 booty of their countrymeuj and had fettled there after the 

 defeat of the Cimbi-i. In lefs than fifty years they were 

 in a condition to furniih 9COO fighting men for their contin- 

 gent to the league of the Belga-, when they were attacked 

 by Csfar, in the year before Chrift 57. When Ca:far ad- 

 vanced againlt the Advatici, they pretended to give up 

 their a^-ms, and fubmit ; but treacheroufly concealed a third 

 part of them, and made an attack on the Romans in the 

 night. This fo provoked the general, tliat he broke down 

 the gates of their city, fuppofed to have been Namur, put a 

 preat nr.r.iber to the fword, and fold the reft, to the number 

 •f about 53,coofor flaves. Cnef. de Bell. Gall. lib. ii. c. 29 

 — 3i. torn, 1. p. 9c. Ed. Gra;v. 



A D V 



ADVENT, Advfstus, in the Cahndar, the time hw 

 mediately preceding Chriilmas ; anciently employed in pious- 

 preparation for the advciitus, or coming on, of the feaft of 

 the Nativity. 



Advent includes four fnndays, or weeks ; commencing' 

 either from the Sunday which falls on St. Andrew's day, 

 or that next before or after it, /. e. from the Sunday which 

 falls between the 27th of November, and the third of De- 

 cem.ber inclufive. — But it is to be noted, this rule has not 

 always obtained. — In the Ambrofian office, there are fix 

 weeks marked for Advent ; and St. Gregory in his Sacra- 

 mentaiy allows five. 



The firft v,-eck of Advent, in our way of reckoning, is 

 that wherein it begins ; but it was anciently otherwife ; the 

 week next Chriilmas being reputed the firft ; and the nume- 

 ration carried backwards. 



Great auiierity was praftifcd in the ancient church during 

 this feafon. — At firft they fafted three days a week ; but 

 tiiey were afier-.vavds obliged to faft every day, whence the 

 feafon is frequently called in ancient writers, Lent, and ^iii^ 

 dnrgejjiiia S. Jllarlim, 



The courts of juitice were at one time all ftiut. 



Advent is alfo one of the times, from the beginning 

 whereof, to the end of the octaves of the Epiphany, tlie 

 folcmnizing of marriage is forbid, without cxprefs licence. 



ADVENTITIA /:ccna, in yJnfiqiiily, an entertainment 

 made by the friends of a perion who had been travelling, by 

 way of welcome at his return. This was otherwife called^ 

 cccna advcnioritu Pitifcus. 



ADVENTITIOUS, fomethincf accruinsr or befallincr a 

 perfon, or thing, from without. 



Thus, advrnlilioiis matter is fuch matter as doth not pro- 

 perly- belong to any body, but is cafuaOy joined to it. 



Adventitious, in the Civil La'w, is appHed to fuch 

 goods as fall to a man, either by mere fortune, or by the li^ 

 berality ot a ftranger, or by collateral, not direcl, fuc- 

 cefiion. 



In this fenfe the v.'ord ftands oppofed to profecfitious ; by 

 which are fignified fuch goods as defcend in a diretl line,_ 

 from father to fon. 



AnvENTiTiotJS foffils, are foreign or extraneous one?, 

 found incorporated with oth.ers, to v.-hicli they do not pro- 

 perly belong. Such are fea-ftiells, &c, 



AD VENTREM infpicieudum, \\\ Law. See Ventre' 

 infpiciendo. 



ADVENTURE, an extraordinary and furprifing enter- 

 prize or accident, either real or fictitious. 



The Viord is French, and literally denotes an event, or 

 accident. 



Novels, romances, &c. are chiefly taken up in relating the 

 adventures of cavaliers, lovers, &c. 



Adventure, Bill of, in Commerce, is a writing figned 

 by a merchant, attefting that the property of goods ihipped, 

 or fent away in his name, belongs to another, the adventure 

 or chance whereof the faid perfon is to ftand with a cove- 

 nant to account to him for the produce of it. 



Adventure Bay, in Geography, a name given by cap- 

 tain Cook to a bay in v,-hich he anchored, in the fouthei-a 

 part of New Holland, called Van Diemen's land, and on 

 the ftiores of w-hich they vvcre fupplied with wood and wa- 

 ter in great abundance. The bottom of this bay was found 

 to lie in S. lat. 43"^ 23'. and E. long. 147° 30'. It is an 

 excellent harbour, having through the bay from 18 to 5 fa- 

 thoms water, which gradually decreafes towards the fiiore. 

 The road alfo is fafe, and fiieltercd from the north-eaft by 

 Maria's iilands. The vanation of the compafs, in 1778, wa» 

 5° 15' E. 



AcvEi^TVRa 



