A D V 



hcuffs. But of late times the lordlViip cf the manor, snA 

 advowson of the church, have been divided. 



Advuwfons arc alio piffenlative, colLitlv^, or t/oKal:ve : pre- 

 JenttUive, where tlic patron prtfents or offers his clerk to the 

 birticp of the dioctle, to be inltituted in his church, if 

 he be found canonieally qualified : collnlive, where the be- 

 nefice is given by the bilhop, as original ji itron thereof, or 

 by means of a right he has acquired by Inpfe, in which cale 

 the bifliop cannot prefent toliimfelf; but he does by the 

 one act of collation or conferring the benefice, the whole 

 that is done in common cafes, by both prefeiitation and 

 iiillitution ; tlondhve, as where the king, or any fuojccl by 

 his licence, founds u church or chapel, and ordains that it 

 fliail be merely in the gift or difpoi'al of the patron, fubjeft 

 to his vlfitation only, and not to that of the ordinary, 

 and vi'fted nbfolutely in the clerk by the patron's deed of 

 donation without prefeiitation, inllitution, or induction. 

 This is fiid to have been anciently the only way of confer- 

 ring eeelefiafticalbeneticesin England. See Institution. 

 If, as the law now Hands, the true patron once waives this 

 privilege of donation, and prcfents to the bifhop, and his clerk 

 is admitted and inftitnted, the advov.fon is now become for 

 cytT prefc-ntalivf, and Ihall never be donative any more. 



Sometimes, anciently, the patron had the i'ole nomina- 

 tion of the prelate, abbot, or prior ; either by invefliture 

 (i. e. delivery of a paftoral ftaff,) or by direct prefentation to 

 the diocefan ; and if a free election was left to the religious, 

 yet a conge (Telire, or licence of elettion, was firft to be ob- 

 tained of the patron, and the pcrfon elefted was confirmed 

 by him. 



If the founder's family became extindt, the patronage of 

 the convent went to the lord of the manor. Unlefs the 

 feveral colleges in the univerfities be reftrained in the number 

 of advowfons they may receive ; it is argued they will in 

 time acquire fuch a ftock as to fruftrate the defign of their 

 foundation, (which is the education of youth), by creating 

 too quick a fucceflion of fellows ; fo that there will not be 

 in the colleges a fufficient number of perfons of compe- 

 tent age, knowledge, and experience to inftruft and form 

 the minds of the youth. In fome colleges the number of 

 advowfons is faid to be already two-thirds, or more, of the 

 number of fellows. It is objefted, on the other fide, that 

 the fucceflion of felloes may be too flow, as well as too 

 quick ; whereby perfons well qxialified may be detained fo 

 long in colleges, as not to have ftrength or aiSlivity enough 

 left for the difcharge of parochial functions. 



Colleges holding more advowfons in number than a moiety 

 cf the fellows, are not capable of purchafing more. Grants 

 of advowfons by papifts are void. 9 Geo. II. c. 36. § 5. 

 1 1 Geo. II. c. 17. ^ 5. 



Advowfons are temporal inheritances, and lay fees ; they 

 may be granted by deed or will, and are alfcts in the hands 

 of heirs or executors. The recovery of advowfons, as tem- 

 poral rights, was effectually provided for by one of the ex- 

 cellent regulations of Edward I. Before his time the law, 

 in this refpeft, was extremely deficient. 



Prefentations to advowfons, for money or other reward, 

 are void. 13 Ehz. cap. 6. See Burn's Eccl. Law, vol, i. 



Advowson of the Moiety of the Church, is where there 

 are tv/o feveral patrons and two feveral incumbents in the 

 fame church, the one of the one moiety and the other of the 

 other moiety. A moiety of the advowfon is where two 

 mull join in the prefentation and there is but one incumbent. 

 See Stat. 7 Anne c. 18. Itr Scotland the right ©f ad- 

 vowfon is called Patronage. 



ADVOWTRY. See Adultery* 



A D Y 



ADUR, in Gco^njphy, a river of SulTex that falls into 

 th.e 1,M at Shoreham, and admits fhlps of burden to go up to 

 the town. 



ADUST, Adustus, formed of adurere, to iani, RTnor.g 

 Phvficians, &c. is applied to fuch humours, as by long heat 

 become of a hot aid iiery nature. 



Such is choler fuppofed to be. Melancholy 15 ufuatiy 

 confidcrtd as black and aduft bile. 



Blood ii faid to be aduft, when, by reafon of fome extra- 

 ordinary heat, its more fubtile parts are all evaporated, leaving 

 the groffer, with all the impurities therein, half torrified. 



ADUSTION, in Sti~^'cry, is the fame as Caiiterifitior, 

 a'ld fignilies the application of any fubflance to the 

 inii.iv.'.l body, which acts like fire. See Cautery and 

 Caustic The ancient furgtons, efpecially the Arabians, 

 were remarkably fond of ha'^'iiig recourie to aduflion in local 

 difeafes ; but the ufe of actual heat is veiy rarely admitted 

 by the moderns. See Moxa. 



ADUSTION, among Pi:jf:ciar:s,\a ufed for an inflamma- 

 tion of the parts about the brain, and its m.embranes, at- 

 tended with a hollowncfs of the firciput and eyes, a pale 

 colour, and dn.'nLfs of the body ; in which cafe the yolk of 

 an egg, with oil of rofes, applied by way of cataplafm ii 

 recommended ; as arc the leaves of tunifol, the parings of a 

 gourd, the pulp of a pompion, applied in the fame mannci* 

 with oil of rofes. 



AD Y, in Natural Hijlory, a name given to the palm-tree of 

 the ifland of St. Thomas. It is a tall tree witii a thick, 

 bare, upright Hem, growing fuigle on its root, of a thin 

 light timber, and full of juice. The head of this tree fhoots 

 into a vail number of branches, which being cut oft, or an 

 incifion being made therein, afford a great quantity of fweet 

 juice, which, fermenting, fupplies the pbce of wine, among 

 the Indians. 



The fruit of this tree is called by the Portuguefe caryoces, 

 and carioffee ; and by the black natives A bang A. This fruit 

 is of the fize and ihape of a lemon, and contains a kenicl, 

 which is good to tat. The fruit ilftlf is eat roafted, 

 and the raw kernels are often mixed with mandioc meaU 

 Thefe kernels are Uippofed very cordial. An oil is alfo pre- 

 pared from the fruit, which anfwers the purpofe of oil, or 

 butter, in Europe. 



This oil is alfo ufed for anointing ftiffand contrafted parts 

 of the body. Ray. 



ADYLISUS, in ylncient Geography, a mountain which 

 Phny places in Boeotia. 



ADYNAMIA, in Medicine, formed of the primitive a, 

 and ivvajxi;, Jlrenglh, debility or weaknefs from ficknefs. 

 Accordingly ^dynamin, denote thofe affedtions of the hu- 

 man body which form the fecond order of the fecond clafs 

 in the arrangement of Dr. CuUen, and which he defines to 

 be a diminution of the involuntary motions, whether vital or 

 natural. This is a diilinft clafs in the diftribution of Vo- 

 gel. It comprehends the genera of fyncope, dyfpepfia, hypo- 

 chondriafts, and chlorofts. Some naturalifts place thefe under 

 debilitates, and Linnxus calls them quietaks. See Nosology. 



ADYNAMON, among Ancient Phyficians, a kind of 

 weak fa£titious wine, prepared from mult boiled down with 

 water ; to be given to patients, to whom genuine wine 

 might be hurtful. 



ADYRMACHIDjE, or Adyrmachit/t:, in Ancient 

 Geography, a people of Libya, inhabiting the fea-coaft, 

 near the Canopic mouth of the Nile. Herodotus (1. iv. 

 c. i68.) defcribes them as refembling the Egyptians in their 

 cuftoras and manners, Silius Italicus refers to them, lib. iii. 

 V. 278. p. 149. Ed. Drakenb, 



8 »»Verfi. 



