M A 



MAS 



*' VeiTicolor contra extra, et falcatiis ab arte 

 Enfis Adynnachidis, ac la;vo tegmina crurc." 



ADYTUM, a fccret or retired place in the Pa>:;a:i tem- 

 ples, where oracles were given, and into which none but the 

 pricfts were admitted. Thus Seneca in his tragedy of Thy- 

 elle8 (iv. I. 679.) 



" Hinc orantibus 



Refponfa dantur certa, cum ingenti fono 

 Laxantur adyto fata." 



The word originally fignifies inaccelTible ; being com- 

 pounded of «, not, and .Suj;, or lvvj>, to enter. 



The Scntltim Sanelorum, or Holj of Holies, of the temple of 

 Solomon wai of the nature of the Pagan ii^lyttim, none but 

 the high-priell being admitted into it, and he but once a year, 

 on the great day of expiation. After the Babylonilh captnity 

 this place wanted the ark, the inercy-feat, tiie fcheehniah of 

 the divine prefence, and the Urim and Thummini ; the defeiil 

 of thele cauling an impcrteition in the Jewiih worfiiip, com- 

 pared with the former Hate of it, a rcftoration of lliem is 

 devoutly iupplicated in the Jewifh liturgy ; particularly in 

 the molt folemn part of it which they call Sljemorich EJhreh, 

 or the eighteen prjyers. 



ADZE, or Addice, a cutting tool, of the axe kind; 

 having its blade made thin, and arching, and its edge at 

 right angles to the handle; chiefly ufed for taking thin chips 

 off timber or boards, and tor paring away certain irregula- 

 rities which the axe cannot come at. 



The adze is ufed by carpenters, but more by coopers, as 

 being convenient for cutting the holhnv fides of boards, &c. 

 It is ground from a bafe on its infide to its o\iter edge ; fo 

 that when it is blunt they cannot conveniently grind it, 

 without taking its helve out of the eye. 



ADZ EL, in Geography, a mean place in the government 

 of Riga, fubjeft to Ruffia. N. lat. 56°. 30'. E. long. 38°. 



5'' 



ADZENETA, a fmall town of Valencia, in Spain, feated 



on the mountain Pegna Golofa, in which grow multitudes of 

 efculent plants. N. lat. 40°. 30'. W. long. 0°. 16'. 



ADZUD, a town of Moldavia in European Turkey, 

 nine miles weft-fouth-weft of Birlat. 



AE, or jE, a diphthong, or double vowel, compounded of 

 A and E. 



Authors are by no means agreed as to the ufe of the as in 

 Englifh words. — Some out of regard to etymology, infill on 

 its being retained in all words, particularly technical ones, 

 borrowed from the Greek and Latm ; while others, from a 

 confideration that it is no proper diphthong in our language, 

 its found being no other than that of the fimple e, contend 

 that it ought to be entirely difufed ; and, in facl, the. fimple 

 e has of late been adopted inftead of the Roman s ; as in the 

 word equator, Sec. 



^A, in Ancient Geography, a confiderable and celebrated 

 city and port of Colchis, near the river Phafi?., and dillant 

 from the fea, according to Pliny, (H. N. 1. vi. c. 4. t. i. p. 

 304.) Ijiniles, but according to Stephanus (de Urb. p. 30.) 

 more than 37 miles. It was encompaffed by the rivers Hip- 

 pos, fo called from its rapidity, and Cyaneos, io denominated 

 from its colour, neai- their confluence in the Phafis, and th\is 

 formed into a kind of peninfula. Some have conjeftured 

 that it was the fame with the JEapolis of Ptolemy ; and 

 that it derived its name either from the Greek aia, 

 earth, or from the Hebrew 1^, iJLirul. The Circe 

 obtained the appellation of JEaa from this city. See 

 Homer's Odyff. 1. ix. v. 32. and Virgil 1. iii. v. 386. It 

 is alfo repeatedly mentioned by Apollonius Rhodius, as a 

 place to which the river was navigable. Argonautic 1. ii. v. 

 424. — 1096. pp. 188. 250. Ed. Hoelzhn. Ovid likewife (in 



Vol. I. 



his Mefam. I. vii. v. 9. torn. ii. p. 446. Ed. Burman.) fpeaks 

 of tile 



• Validos .Delias ignes." 



Tradition afcribes its origin to the famous Sefoftris, king of 

 r^KVPt' ^^■''"> <>ft<^'' having traverfed the whole of Afia 

 with his army, left a colony in Colchis, and there created 

 pillars of (tone upon which were mgraven, according to 

 Apollonius, the names and pofition of the countries through 

 which lie had padui. Pliny and Strabo alfo reprefent it as 

 the abode of king iEeta, and the theatre of the adventures 

 of his daughter Medea. It had a temple dedicated to the 

 god Mars, and another to Phi^xus. It was anciently fa- 

 mous for its gold and filvcr, and other metals, which might 

 have given occafion to the Argonautic expedition, firll by 

 Phryxus and afterwards by Jaton. Strabo. Geog. torn. i. 

 p. 38. &c. It is now T.ippopotamo. 



Til ere was another town called /Ea, in ThelTaly ; and a 

 fountain of this name in Macedon. 



AEtEA, the name of an idand, which Mela (1. ii. c. 7.) 

 fuppofes to have bccii fituated in the bay of Sicily, and to 

 have been the habitation of Calypfo. But he has probably 

 confounded the name of this idand with that of JEa 

 above mentioned ; as both the ifland of Calypfo, or Ogy- 

 gia, and that of Circe, or jEa, are far dillant from the 

 coail of Sicily. 



jEACEA, in yfntiquity, folemn feafts and combats, cele- 

 brated in jEgina, in honour of jEacus, who had been their 

 king, and who, on account of his fingular juftice upon 

 earth, was fuppufed to have a commidion given him to be a 

 prince or judge, whole office it was to prefide over Elyfium, 

 ©r the region of blifs. This .£acus, it is faid, was the foil 

 of Jupiter and /Egina ; and when his country was depopu- 

 lated by a plague, he is reported to have obtained of Jupi- 

 ter a fupply of inhabitants, who, at his requcit, converted 

 ants into men ; whence they were called Myrmidons, from 

 ixvfij.r,x.=..:, ants. The meaning of the fable feems to be that 

 he drew them out of their caves into which they had re- 

 tired tor fecurity, when they were invaded by pirates, and 

 encouraged them to apply to agriculture and commerce ; fo 

 that by their iudultry they recovered what they had lolt. — 

 See TEgima. 



jEACUS, in Entomology, a fpecies of the sphinx, having 

 fix yellow points on the fore wings, and the latter yellow, 

 with the margin of an a/ure colour. It is found in Auilria. 



^AMENE, in Ancient Geography, a country of the Na- 

 bath-.cans, in Arabia. 



iEANA, a city of Macedonia, founded by jEanus, fon 

 of Elymus, king of the Tyrrhenians, who, leaving his own 

 country, inhabited Macedonia. 



jEANIS, a fountain of Locris, fituated in the facred grove 

 called JEaneius lucus, fo called, according to Strabo, from a 

 Greek named jEanes, who was killed there by Patroclus. 



jEANITIS, a country of the Nabathaeans. 



iEANTIDES, a tribe of Attica, which comprehended 

 fix different people, viz. thofe of Marathon, iEnonc, Pfa- 

 phidn?, Rhamnus, Titacidoe and Tricorythus. 



^ANTIUM, or y\jACiuM, a fmall place in Afia, upon 

 a promontory north-well of Rhatheum. Here, it is laid, 

 Ajax was buried. His itatue found in this place, was taken 

 away by Marc Antony, and reftored by Auguftus. 



iEANTIUM was alfo a town and promontory' of Thef- 

 faly, in the extremity of the peninfula, which contained 

 Magnefia, oppofite to Thebes of Thcffidy, and at the en- 

 trance of the Pelafgic giilph. 



./EAS, a river of Greece, which fprangfrom Mount Pinduf, 

 and flowed into the Adriatic fea, about 10 ftadia from the 

 city of ApoUonia. This is fuppofed to have been the fame 

 with the river Aqus. Strabo. torn. i. p. 486. 



M m Mm^ 



