M C I 



JE D I 



^AS, or AiAS, a mountain of Eg>pt upon the Red Sea. 



iEBUDjE, a name given by ancient Geographers to the 

 Wcftcni ifles of Scotland. 



itBURA, a town of Spain near the Tagus, in the pro- 

 vinceof Callile ; now '7'alai>aa la Reyna. 

 MCJE, a town of Iti\ly, in Magna Gixcia. 

 j^';CCANI, a people of Tufcany, near the city, for- 

 merly called A'lcas, to the So\ith of Luccria, and now 

 Troia. Flin. H. K. toni. i. p. l6f>. 



.fliCHILENSd, a people, who lived, according to Ro- 

 leniy, in the northern parts of SarJinin. 



uECHMALOTARCHA, in Jm'iji/ily, a Greek term, 

 fignifying the chief or leader of the Jewilli captives in BaLy- 

 loliia. 'I'lie Jews who refufed to follow Zeriihbabel, and 

 return with him to Jenifalem, after the Babylonilh captivity, 

 created an jEchmalolarch to govern thein. The Jews, in- 

 deed, did not call him by this name, as fome authors have 

 nfTerti-d, for that people fpoke Hebrew, .or Chaldee, and 

 not Greik. But Origen, and others who wrote in the 

 Greek tongue, rendered the Hebrew name n"l7j ti'K'l 

 ra/c/j ga/uth, q. d. rbief of tie captivity, by a Greek name of 

 the like import, 5'<;)^i/.aXi1xfX''^'i formed from oAx^taxAc, captive 

 of aix;-"'> fpcar or war, and afX^'i commandcy or chiej. 

 However, the Je.vs fecm to have had officers ot this kind 

 before the return from Babylon, as we may infer from the 

 hirtor)' of Sufannah ; the two ciders who condemned her 

 being fuppofed to have been ^chmalotarchse that year. 

 The Jewiih writers ail'ure us that the iEehmalotarchx were 

 only to be chofen out of the tribe of Jndah. 



The eafttrn Jews had their princes of the Captivity, as 

 the welkrn Jews liad their patriarchs. The Jews are faid 

 IHII to have an xchmalotarcha at Babylon, but without 

 the authority of the ancient ones. One perion of this de- 

 fcription, felefted from the houfe of David, was fonuerly 

 acknowledged and honoured as a prince ajnong the Jews, 

 and had fome fort of jurifdiftion, as far as it was confillent 

 with the government to which they were fubjeft ; and it 

 vas fometimes allowed and ratiiied by the reigning princes. 

 But if fuch an officer now exift at Babylon or elfewhere, he 

 is merely the head of the feft in that place, without fword 

 or fceptre, or any power of coercion, or authority of jurif- 

 diftion, befides what he derives from the voluntary fub- 

 miffion of the Jews, who inhabit fuch places. Nothing, 

 therefore, can be more vain than the pretence of the Jews, 

 that by this xchmalotarcha, the fceptre and law-giver are 

 prtferved in the tribe of Judah ; and that the prophecy of 

 Jacob (Gen. xlix. lo.) is not yet fulfilled by the advent of 

 the Mefiiah. Bafnage's Hift. Jews. Fridcaux's Conn, 

 vol. i. p. 153. vol. ii. p. 934. 



jECIDIUM, in Botany, ■& gen\i% oi t\\t cryptogamia fur.<ri 

 cldfs and order ; its charafters are, that it has a membrana- 

 ceous fheath, fmooth on both fides, and full of naked feparate 

 feeds. Gmelin enumerates 1 8 fpceies, fome of which belong 

 to the LYCOPERDON of Other authors. Several of thefe are 

 found on the leaves of other plants ; and one of them is 

 known to agricukurills by the name of the Red Gum. This 

 fpecies ufuaTly grows upon the infide of the glumes of the 

 calyx, and of the exterior valvule of the corolla, under their 

 epidermis ; which, when the plant is ripe, burth, and emits 

 a povi-der of a bright orange colour. This httle plant, fays 

 an ingenious obferver, (Linnxan Tranf. vol. v. p. 122) does 

 not appear to be materially injurious to the grain, if at all. 

 He has feen ears full of it, with very plump kernels ; and 

 has alfo found it upon branded ears. Before the cuticle, 

 which covers the feed of this fungus, burfts, it has very- much 

 the appearance of a puftule upon the human body. Other 

 fpecies grow on decaying wood and moffes, and in the leaves 

 of tuffilago farfara and pctafitcs, Bartila vifcofa, A|ic. 



monc nemorofa, Adoxa mofchatellina, Carduus arvcnfis, 

 and Betonica officinalis, &c. 



tECLUS, in Entomology, a fpecies of Papilio, with the 

 wings black above, cinereous beneath, waved with black, 

 and with a yellow ocelluted fpot. It is found in Arjiboyna. 



jECULANUM, or jEclanum, in ylncient Geography, a 

 town of the Hii-pini in Italy, fituate between Beneventuni 

 and Tarentum. The inhabitants are called by Pliny (torn. i. 

 p. I')';.) TEculani, and in an ancient infcription of Gruccr 

 jTlelunenfe.";. The town, according to Cluvcrius, is now 

 called Fricerito. 



jl'^DEAjin Eittnmology, a fpecies of Papilio, with v/ings 

 fpotted with wliite, the aiiterior greenifli, the pofterior 

 marki.d with a yellow band ; found in South Amciica. 



^EDELITE. See Zeolite. 



iEDEPSl Therms, hath rf JEdtpfuu in Ancient Geography, 

 the name of a city in the ifland of Eubcca upon the welleni 

 coaft. The baths were confecrated to Hercules. 



./EDES, in jlnii'inity, a chapel, or inferior kind of temple, 

 diftinguifhed by this, that it was not confecrated by the 

 Augurs, as thofe properly called Temples were. Such 

 was the xrariuni, or treafuiy ; called JEJes Saturni. 



JEDY.Sl\JS, in Biograph, tlie difciplc and fucceffor of 

 Jamblichus, lived in Cappadocia, and, after the example of 

 his mafter, pretended to fupcrnatural communications with 

 the Deity, and prailifed theurgic arts. Of the events that 

 occurred to him the moll ludicrous is this : viz. That, in 

 anfwer to his prayers, his future fate was revealed to him in 

 hexameter verfes, which fuddenly appeared upon the palm 

 of his left hand. Towards the dole of his life, he com- 

 mitted his fchool at Cappadocia to the care of his difciple 

 and friend Euftathius, and removed to Pergainus. where he 

 had a numerous train of followers. Brucker's Hill. Phil. 

 by Enfield, vol. ii. p. 75. 



.(EDICULA, in Anliquity,s. term, denoting the inner part 

 of the xdes or temple, in which the altar and ftatue of the 

 deity were placed ; but the term had various acceptations. 

 It fometimes denoted a low fmall building, or xdes parva, 

 confecrated to fome divinity : it often fignified a niche in the 

 wall for receiving a ftatue, and thofe efpecially of the Lares 

 or Penates ; and fometimes the reprefentations of temple:, 

 which were offered and fufpended in the temples of the gods, 

 and more efpecially in tlrat of Diana of Ephelus. 



iEDICULUS, in Roman Mythology, the deity who pre- 

 fided over the conftruftion and confervatlon of buildings. 



iEDILATE, in Antiquity, the dignity or magittracy of 

 the Roman iEoiLrs. This is othei-\\'iie called .^(/iAV(7j. In 

 inferiptions we find it reprefented by the abbreviature. iED. 



.^DILE, jEdilis, in Antiquity, a Roman magiftrate, 

 vefted with divers funftions, chiefly that of fuperintending 

 the buildings both public and private ; as baths, aquedu<3s, 

 roads, bridges, caufeways, &c. The word is formed of 

 ades, temple, or houfe, on account of their having the care of 

 temples, houfes, <^c. 



The xdiles at Rome correfponded to what the Greeks call- 

 ed agcranomi, and aP.ynomi ; they differed from oeccnomi and 

 arcarii, who were rather receivers of the revenues ; alfo from 

 logijltr, curator es is^ pal res civiiatis. 



To the xdiles belonged the infpeftion of the weights and 

 meafures. They fixed the rate of provifions, and took care 

 the people fuffered no exaftions. The inquir}- and cog- 

 nizance of debauchees, and diforders in public houfes, 

 likewife belonged to them : they were alfo to revife come- 

 dies ; and it belonged to them to treat the people with grand 

 games and fpeftacles, at their own exp-ence. They were 

 likewife to attend on the tribunes of the people. 



To the t diles alfo belonged the cuftody of the plebifcita, 

 -and the cenfure and examination of. books. They had the 



po-^-cr, 



