M G I 



Ivlyi-midons, i. e. eintmls, from their induftiy. This il]and 

 was firft peopled by the Epidaurians, wlio were originally 

 Dorians, and afterwards by colonies from Crete and Argos. 

 Thcfe were, in procefs of time, driven out by the Athenians, 

 and the Athenians by the Laccdxmoiiians, who rellored 

 the ifland to the ancient proprietors. The ^Igineans ap- 

 plied theinfelves, in a very early period, to trade and naviga- 

 tion, and fent colonics into the nei^hbonrin^ iilands of 

 Inibros and Crete, in the latter of which (lays Strabo) 

 they built and peopled the city of Cydon. The firll 

 money, according to the fame writer, was coined in 

 TEgina by one Phiden. Plmy (toni. ii. p. 640.) com- 

 mends t!ie brafs of this ifland, and afferts that the famous 

 ftatuc of this metal, reprefe'iting an ox, which Hood in the 

 forum boarium at Rome, was carried from hence to ad(n'n 

 that capital. The jEgiiiians were originally governed by 

 kings ; but afterwavd;i introduced the republican fylleni, 

 which became lo powerful as to vie even with Ath.ens. 

 jEacur., from whom fprung the yEacidx, who reigned in 

 diderent countries with reputation and power, was the fe- 

 cond king of this ifland ; and, according to Macrobius ( Ad- 

 verfus Gentes, 1. vi. p. i;^i.), he lived about two genera- 

 tions before the Trojan war, and was the firlt who built a 

 temple in Greece. Upon the dilfolution of this monarchy, 

 the ^gineans became fubjeft to the Epidaurians ; but ap- 

 plymg themfelves to navigation, they became powerful by 

 lea, and revolted from their mailers, ravaged their territory, 

 and carried away the two famous ftatues of Damias and 

 Auxetias. This occafioned an irreconcileable enmity be- 

 tv.een the vEgineans, and Atli«nians. This ifland was at 

 lall reduced by the Athenians, and continued fubjecl to 

 them, till, at the end of the Macedonian war, it was de- 

 clared free by the Romans : but in the reign of Vefpalian 

 it underwent the fame fate as the other Hates of Greece. 

 In the year 1536 it was fubdued by the Turks, after an 

 obftinate refiftance : tlie capital was plundered and burnt ; 

 «nd after a gi-eat flaughter of the inhabitants, the reft were 

 carried away into flaver)'. The population of this, as well 

 as of other little Hates, in the times of their fplendour, was 

 immenfe. jEgina had once 420,000 flaves, the proportion 

 of whom to freemen was, in ancient republics, accorduig 

 to the monopoly of wealth. In Greece it is fuppofcd to 

 liave been about twenty to one. The moft rem.arkable 

 circumllance related by modern travellers concerning this 

 ifland is, that it fwarms with partridges, and that for pre- 

 venting their increafe the people go out every year to break 

 their eggs : fearing, left, by decreafmg their corn, theie 

 birds fliould produce a famine. They have no hares, foxes, 

 or wolves in this ifland. In fummer the rivers are dry. 

 The waiwode or governor farms the revenue of the Grand 

 Seignor for twelve purfes, or 6000 piaftres. About half 

 this fum is repaid annually by the caratch-money, or poll- 

 tax. 



The town of Eng'ta, fo called by corruption from JE/ma, 

 ■49 faid to conUft of about 800 troops, and has a caftle, and 

 near it m.ay be feen the remains of a magnificent ftrufture, 

 which was probably one of the celebrated te.mples which for- 

 ir.erly graced this ifland. 



Imperial Greek medals were ftruck in this ifland, in ho- 

 aour of Elagabalus and Plautilla. 



jEGINETA, Paul'js, m Biography, a celebrated fur- 

 jegn of the ifland of jEgina, from which he derived his 

 name. He is placed by Le Clerc in the fourth century, 

 but by AbulpharagTus in the feventh. He was eminently 

 ikilled in furgery, and his v/orks are frequently cited by Fa- 

 fcriciKS ab Aqiiapendentp, and indeed form the bafis of this 



m G I 



author's valuable treatife. He is the firft author that take« 

 notice of the cathartic quality of rhubarb. He begins lii« 

 book with the defcription of women's difeafco, and he is 

 faid to be the iirft perfon among the ancients that dcfcrvc» 

 the appellation of a man-niid\vir"e. Hi? v.-orks are Libri vii. 

 de Re Medica, feu opera omnia GiTCce, W-netiis 1^2"^, 

 fol. — Idem ex interpret. & cur.i Annot. I. Guiiilerii 

 Andernaci Vcnet. 1542, 8vo. — it), cum Annot. Jac. 

 Goupyh. ex ed. & cum Schol. J. Bapt. Camotii Veiiet. 

 1 55 -i/Svo. 



iEciNETPS, in yfncicnf Geography, a fmall town r,f Papli. 

 lagonia, and alfo a fniall river of the faine province in Alia 

 Minor. 



iEGTNETIA, in Ijoimr:, a fpecies of Op.obanciif, 

 wilh a fingle-flowered ftalk, and a fubfpathaceous flower. 



yEGINHARU, in Bw^iaphy, a native of Gcmjany, 

 who was educated by the munilicence of Chailemagnc, and 

 who afterwai-ds became his fecretaiy, and as fome fup- 

 pofe his ion-in-law, by marrjing his daughter Imma ; but it 

 has been lately proved that (he was not the daughter of 

 Charlemagne. He is faid to have been carried through tin- 

 fnow on the flioulders of the allVcIionate Imma, tiiat his 

 footfteps might not be traced from her apartments by tht 

 emperor her father. This ftory was copied by Addifon frois 

 an old German Chronicle, and admirably embclliflied by thii 

 elegant writer in the third volume of the Spectator. iEgiii- 

 hard, after the death of his wife, which he deplores in a 

 letter ftill extant, is fuppofed to have pafled the remainder 

 of iiis days in religious retirement, and to have died foon 

 after the year S40. His life of Charlemagne, his Ann.ils 

 from 741 to 889, and his letters, are inferted in the fecond 

 volume of Duchefne's Scriptores Francorum. An improved 

 edition, with the Annotations of Hermann Schmincke, was 

 printed in 410. in 171 1. 



jEGINIUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of Greece, 

 in Theflaly, on the frontiers of the Tymphsean mountains 

 near the fource of the Ion, which here forms a fmall lake, 

 and fouth-weft of Azoras. 



^.GIOCHUS, a fmall place in the ifland of Crete, 

 where Jupiter was nouriflicd by a goat, according to Dio- 

 dorus. See jEgiacus. 



iEGIPA, a town of ^Ethiopia, near the Nile. 



yEGIPAN, in Ant'iqutty, a denomination given to Pan, 

 and the Panes. 



The ancients alfo give the name trglpatis to a fort of 

 monders mentioned by Pliny, Solinus, and Pomp. Mela. 

 Salmafuis, in his notes on Solinus, takes tegipan to have 

 fignified the fame, in Lybia, with fylvanus among the 

 Romans. 



Voflius rejefts the opinion, and flicws that the n?gipans 

 had not faces like men, as the fylvans had ; but like goats. 

 In efleft, the whole upper part of the body rtfembled that 

 animal ; and as to the lower, they painted it with a ftfli's 

 tail. The monfter rtprefented on ib-re medals of Auguf- 

 tus by antiquaries, called Capri:orniis, appears to bo the 

 true xgipan. 



The word is derived from k.|, a goat ; Pan being rcpre- 

 fented with the horns, feet, and legs of that animal. 



jEGIPHILA, formed from a.ii, and (faXtu.; Goat's friend^ 

 a genus of the tclrnndrhi monogynia clafsand order, and the 

 natural order of Fhue: ; the chaiaftcrs arc, that the calyx 

 is a one-leafed, bell-ftiapcd, four-toothed, loofe, very fliort, 

 permanent perianthium ; that the corolla is one-petalled, 

 falver-fliaped, with a cylindric tube, narrower and longer than 

 the calyx, border quadrified, flat, equal, and clefts oblong i 



