JE S C 



EJ. GroTiovO, that iCfchylus was charged with impifty hy 

 tlic Alhciilaiis, and condemned to be ftoned to death. 

 The grinind of the charge is not that whicli Herodotus and 

 I'aufania'i have fupjiofed, viz. j'Lfchylus's adopting the 

 thcofjony of the Etjj-ptians rather than tliat of tlie Greeks, 

 and prefuming to fay that Diana was the daughter of Ceres 

 and not of Latona ; but more probably that which Clemens 

 Alex, lias dated (Sirom. 1. ii. oper. lorn. i. p. 467. Ed. 

 Potteri.) that yTifchylus, being himfeif uninitiated, profaned 

 the mylleries by cxpofing them in one of his dramas on the 

 ftage. However this be, the Athenians were preparing to 

 execute the fentence that was pronounced againfl:.i£lciiyhis, 

 when hii brotlscr Aminias drew afidc his cloak and pic- 

 fented liis arm without a hand, which he had loft at the 

 battle of Salamis, in defence of his country. This fight 

 intererted tiie compalTion and honour of his judges, and 

 induced them to lovoke their decree and to pardon 

 iEfeliyius. 



Plutarch (in Cimon. op. torn. i. p. 48 v) ^'^Y^' '^''^^ ■^^' 

 chylu5, being difgnfted with the preference given to Sopho- 

 cles in the contelt for the prize of poetic merit, abandoned 

 his country and went to reiide in Sicily. Tliere Hiero dif- 

 tinguillied liim with benefatlions and honours : but he foon 

 died, at the age of 69 years, ante Chrift. 456. Pliny informs 

 us, (H. N. I. X. c. iii. torn. i. p. 547.) that whilll he was 

 walking in the field, in order to avoid a danger of which he 

 was forewarned, with refuedl to the mode of his death, an 

 eagle, hovering over him in the air, let fall a tortoife upon 

 his head, for the purpofe of breaking tlie (liell, which in- 

 ftantly killed him. The following epitaph, conipofed by 

 himfeif (for the original of which fee Paufanias, p. 35. 

 Ed. Kuhnii.) was engraved on his tomb : — " Here lies Ai- 

 chyhis, the fon of Euphorion, born in Attica. He died 

 in the feitile countiy of Gela. The Ptrfians and the woods 

 of Marathon will for ever atteft his valour." At the time 

 when he wrote thefe hues, he was unqueftionably difguftcd 

 with literary fame, and knew no gloiy more illullrious than 

 that of arms. 



The Athenians decreed honours to his memory ; and 

 authors who have intended to dedicate their talents to the 

 theatre, have gone to offer libations, and to recite their 

 works at his tomb. There are feveii of his tragedies 

 extant, of which the bed edition is the foHo of Thomas 

 Stanley, publifhed in 1663, with a Latin tranflation and 

 learned Commcntaiy. There have been many other edi- 

 tions, and alfo trandations (See Fabric. Bibl. Grxc. tom. i. 

 1. ii. c. xvi. p. 600 — 618.) of thefe tragedies: Potter's 

 tranflation, publifhed in 4to. at London, 1777; and after- 

 wards in 2 volumes, 8vo. deferves to be particularly men- 

 tioned. Stanley, in his I^ife of iEfchylus, has mentioned 

 feveral other perfons of the fame name. 



^SCHYNOMENE, formed of aiT;)(;i;vo;xai, lohe nfiamed, 

 becaufe it retreats from the touch ; kiflurd ftiifilive plant, 

 ill Botany, a genus of the diaiUphia decnndna clafs and order ; 

 and of the natural order of piipdiuimceie or legiimhwfir. : the 

 charafters of which are, that the calyx is a one-leafed, bell- 

 fliaped, fubbilablate with equal lips, upper bifid, and lower 

 three-toothed penantliium ; the corolla papilionaceous, with 

 fub-cordate, fcarcely gaping, large banner, fubovate, obtufe 

 wings, Ihorter than the banner, and lunate, acuminate keel 

 of the length of the wings : the ftamina have l o fila- 

 ments, fingle and nine-cleft, andfmall anthers: the pillillum 

 is an oblong, villous, columnar germen, the ftyle fubulate 

 and riling, the ftigmas fimple, rather obtufe : the pericnr- 

 pium is a long, fiat, jointed, rough, one-celled legume, 

 .opening at the truncate joints ; the feeds are folitary, be- 

 . iween the joints, and kidney-duped. Martyn enumei-atcs 



iE S C 



twelve fpccics, vir.. the grand'iflora, arlorea, coec'inea, -ajpera, 

 amer'tcana, hul'ica, fcfian or F.gyplinn, piimila or dwarf, fen- 

 Jliiva, hclerophyUn, Ingeniiria, and ciinnid'ina. 



1'he id is a Ihrub, from 10 to ly feet in height, a native 

 of the Eafl Indies, cultivated in Jamaica, and in England 

 bv Miller, in 176S. The feeds are agreeable to domclUc 

 birtls. — 'I'he 2d grows to the height of fix or feven feet, 

 with a fingle dem, and bears large and copper-coloured 

 flowers. — 'i he 3d is a native of the Eaft Indies, and of the 

 idands Otaheite and Hualieine in the South Seas. — The 

 4th is a native of the Eail Indies. — The 5th is fomewhat 

 fcnfiiive : during the night, and at the approach of rain, 

 the leaves fold together. It is a native of Jamaica, and 

 was cultivated in 1739 by Miller. — The 6th is a native of 

 the Ead Indies. — The 7th is a native of Egypt, was culti- 

 vated in 1680, in the botanic garden of Oxford, and flowers 

 in July and Auguft. — The 8th is a native of the Eaft 

 Indies ; and the 9th, of the Well Indies — The loth and 

 I ith are natives of Cochinchina. — And the 12th is a native 

 of the Ead Indies, which may be ti-eated as hemp and ufed 

 for the fame purpofes. The fiifl fort is with difficulty pre- 

 ferved through the winter in this country. The 2d, 3d, 

 and 7tli, may, like the firft, be preferved through the win- 

 ter in a warm dove, will flower early in the following fum- 

 mcr, and their feeds will ripen in the autumn : they muft 

 be kept dry in winter, or elfe they are fubjeft to rot. The 

 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th fpecies are annual, and mud be 

 brouglit forward early in the year, otherwife their feeds 

 will not be perfefted. All the forts are propagated by 

 feeds, which Ihould be fown on a liot-bed early in the 

 fpring ; and when the plants are llrong enough to be re- 

 moved, they fliould be put each into a feparate fmall pot, 

 filled with light earth, and plunged into a frelli hot-bed ; 

 and as they advance in growth, they Ihould be diiftcd into 

 larger pots ; but care Ihould be taken that the pots be not 

 too large, which will prevent their thriving. 



.^SCHYNOMENOUS PLmts, among Botanfls, m-e 

 thofe properly called Setfitive plants. 



jESCULANUS, JEres, or JEs, in Anl'iqn'ity, are diffe- 

 rent names given to the divinity who prefided over the coin- 

 age of copper money. This ^fculanus, it is faid, was the 

 father of Argentinus, becaufe copper was employed before 

 filver ; and Argentinus, the father of Aurlnus, becaufe gold 

 money fucceedcd filver ; and thus they had three divinities 

 prefiding over the coinage of the three principal mctalii. 

 On fome medals of the emperors there are found three god- 

 dcdes, reprefented with balances, a cornucopia, and near 

 them a piece of the different metals. 



jESCULAPII Aiigu]s,\-a Zoology, the name of a hami- 

 lefs fpecies of ferpent, common in Spain and Italy, called 

 alfo PAR/^A. The criluler •rfculap'ii of Linnaeus has white 

 and black bands, which are bifefted by a white I'ing, and 

 is found in bpth Indies. 



jESCULAPIUS, in AJlronomy, the ancient name for 

 the conflellation ophiucus. 



iEscuLAPius, Efcuhiphis, and as Paufanias calls him 

 Afclepius, in Mythology, the god of medicine, wss the fon of 

 Apollo, by the nymph Coionis, born at Epidaurus, and 

 educated by Chiron, the preceptor of Achilles, who taught 

 him to cure difeafes of the mod dangerous and defperate 

 kind, and even to raife the dead. Tlie hiftory of ^fcula- 

 pius, hke that of other deified heroes of antiquity, is in- 

 volved in great obfcurity, and many abfurd and incredible 

 dories are related concerning him. If we regard the re- 

 ports of the people of Epidaurus, which is laid to be the 

 place of his nativity, as Paufanias has reprefented them ; 

 (1. ii. c. 26. p. 170. Ed. Kuhnii.) a fliepherd, having 



. lott 



