M T O 



fortifiird at Iln-aclca ; although tlitir number amounted 

 only to 2000, ttuy held out 40 days againil the incefTaut 

 attache of the whole coiifular amiy under the virtorious 

 Acihiis. The town ^ms at length taken by ftratagem, and 

 delivered up to be piUag'd by the foldiei-s. Lamia, which 

 had been tor Come til i unfuccefsfiilly befiegtd by Philip, 

 furrendcred to the Romans. After the loi's of thcfe two 

 cities, the /Etoliana fcnt ainbafiadors to the Roman conful, 

 who fued for a peace ; but they could mtrcly obtain a truce 

 of 10 days. VVhen this truce was near expiring, the iEto- 

 liaii anibalfadors at Rome were admitted to an audience of 

 the fenate; and were told, that they mull either fubmit 

 to the will of the fcnatt, or pay the republic a thoufand 

 talents, and make neither war nor peace with any other 

 power, without the confent and approbation of Rome. 

 The ambafTadois hefitatcd in complymg with thtfe terms, 

 and were ordtrcd to leave Rome that day, and Italy in a 

 foi-tnirht. The Atolians upon a fecond application ob- 

 tained a truce of fix months ; and the confular army was 

 withdrawn from Greece. But during the interval of ne- 

 gotiation they invaded the tenitorics of Philip, and re- 

 duc'.d fevend provinces, which they folicitcd the penniffion 

 of the Romans to retain. Their ambafiadors enforced their 

 application by a falfe report, that the two Scipios had 

 been made prifoncrs by Antiochus, and that the Roman 

 army was entirely defeated. The fenate, incenfed by this 

 aitihce, difniifled the ainbafLdors, and forbad their return 

 without the exprefs confent of the generals whom the re- 

 pubhc were i.bout to fend for canying on the war in their 

 countiy. In the year, Ante Chrift.189, the Romans began 

 their hoftile operations with the fiege of Ambracia, which 

 was fealonnbly fuccoured by the ^tolians, and which they 

 vigoroufly defended. The contending armies having formed 

 two mines near the wall of the citv, fought for fome time 

 under ground, firft with pickaxes and fpades, and then with 

 fw-ords and fpears ; and each party fecured itfelf by making 

 it kind of rampart with the loofe earth. The vEtolians on 

 this occafion invented a fingular kind of machine, in order 

 to drive the enemy out of the mine : this was a hollow 

 vefTcl, with an iron bottom, bored with holes and armed with 

 fpikes for preventing the approacli of the enemy. They 

 hlled this velTel with feathers, and having brought it to the 

 place where the two mines met, they fct the feathers on 

 fire ; and by driving with bellows the fmoke on the be- 

 fiegers obliged them to quit the mine ; and by this ftrata- 

 gem they gained time for repairing the foundations of the 

 wails. rhe liege, however, was continued, and Ambracia 

 T" ^" r "* "<=C'--fi'ty of capitulating. After this event, 

 the .^tohans fent ambaffadors to Rome ; and .their appli- 

 cation being enforced by the concurrence of the Rhodians 

 and Athenians, and alfo of Valerius, who was brother to 

 the conful Fulvius, and the fon of Lxvinus, who formed 

 the hril treaty of alliance between Rome and yEtolia, a 

 pc-ace was concluded on the following terms.— i. The ma 

 jefty of the Roman peopk- Ihall be revered in all ^ toha. 

 2. /Etoha (hall not fuffer the armies of thofe who are at 

 war with Rome to pafs through her territories, and the ene- 

 mies of Rome fhall likewife be enemies, of Atolia. ^ She 

 ihail in 100 days deliver to the magiftrates of Corcyra all 

 pvifoners and deferters, both of the Romans and their allies, 

 except thofe who have been taken twice, or during her 

 alliance with Rome^ 4. The yEtolians ihall pay to the 

 Roman general m iEtolia 200 Euboic talents, of the fame 

 cftairA' "' "'^ i'*^^ ^'''""=^" '^^'^'^' -d engage to pay 

 fhe conful 40 hoftages of his choice, none of whom IhaU 



^ T O 



be under it or above 40 years of age ; the prxtor, gcner.il 

 of the horfe, and thofe who had been nlrcudv holhio-cs.at 

 Rome, excepted. 6. jEtolia fliall rtnounce all pretenfions 

 to the cities and teiTitorres which the Romans have con- 

 quered fince the confulate of Flaminius, though thev had 

 formerly belonged to the iEtolians, 7. The citv of (Dcnias 

 and its dillricts, fliall continue fubjeft to the A'carnanians.. 

 8. Cephalenia fliall not be included in tl-.is treatv. Se- 

 vere as thefe terms were, the jEtolian republic was 'reduced 

 to a much worle condition after the con<iueft of Macedcn 

 by Paulus /^imilius ; for thofe who had openly declared fur 

 Perfcs, and others who had fecretly favoured him, were feirt 

 to Rome, and there detained, fo that they were never al- 

 lowed to return to their native countiy. Five hundred and 

 fifty of the chief perfons of the nation were b^rbaroudy 

 afiafiinated by the partifans of Rome under a fufpicion of 

 wifhing well to Perfes ; and though the ^tolians appeared 

 in mourning habits before Paulus ^miliiis, and complained 

 of this inhuman treatm.ent, they obtained no rcdiefs. From 

 this time none Were advanced to ftations of honour or office 

 ill jEtolia, but thofe who were known'to prefer the intercft 

 of Rome to that of their own country. In this ftate of 

 humiliating fubieftion did the .ffitolians continue till the 

 delli-uftion of Corinth, and the difToIution of the Achcean 

 league, when yEtolia, with the other free ftates of Greece, 

 was reduced to a Roman province, commonly called the 

 province of Achaia. Nevcrthclefs, each ftate and city were 

 £f0verned by their own laws, under the fnperintendency of 

 the praetor, who was fent annually from Rome into Achaia. 

 The whole nation paid a ftipulated tribute, and the rich 

 were prohibited from poffeffing lands any v,-here except in 



their own country. Livy, 1. 26. — 27.J-31 ^2. 7,-:. 



35-— 36— 37 — 3^ — 39- t<>m- ">• iv. v. Ed. Drakeub. pJly- 



bius Hift. 1. 2. 4 — 9. — 10. — II 17. pp.91. 2"2,— - 



560._596._626 743. Excerpt. I.egat. pp. 788.-706. 



-802._806._S25._82S. Ed. Cafaub. Paufanias in 

 Achaic. p. 521, &c. Ed. Kuhnii. 



In this ftate, with little alteration, iEtolia continued under 

 the emperors, till the reign of Conftantine the Great, who, 

 in his new partition of the provinces of the empire, divided 

 the AVeftem parts of Greece from the reft, caDing them 

 new Epirus, and fubjccting the whole country to the ft;<r- 

 fiaus pnetonl of Illyricum. Under the fucceiTors of Con- 

 ftantme, Greece was divided into feveral principahties, efpe- 

 cially after the taking of Conftantinople by the weftcrn 

 princes. At that time, Thtodorus Angelus, a noble Gre- 

 cian, of the Imperial family, feized on ^tolia and Epirus. 

 The former he left to Michael his fon, who maintained it 

 againft Michael Palsologus, the firft emperor of the 

 Greeks, after the expullion of the Latins. Charies, the 

 L-ift pnnce of this family, dying in J430, without lawful 

 iifuc, bequeathed ^toha to his brother's fon, named alio 

 Charies, and Acarnania to his natural fons, Memnon, 

 Turnus, and Hercules. But great difputes ariiing about- 

 this divihon, Amurath II. after the reduction of Thefl'a- 

 lon!ca,_ feized fo favourable an opportunity, and expclhd 

 them ail in 1432. The Mahometans were afterwards dif- 

 pofTefred of this country by the famous prince of Epiius, 

 George Ca^lrict, commonly called Scanderbeg, who, with 

 a fmall army, oppofed the whole power of the Ottoman em- 

 pire, h?v!;;g defeated thofe barbarians in 22 pitched battles. 

 This hero, at his death, left great part of vEtolia to the" 

 Venetians ; but thc)- not being able to oppofe fuch a formi- 

 dable power, tiie whole country was foon reduced by Ma- 

 hommtd II, whole fucceffors iliU poll'tfs it. Anc. Un. 

 Hift. vol. vi. 155 — 205. 8vo. 



2 ./Etcha, 



