A F E 



JEtolia, an ancient town of the Peloponnefiis, placed by 

 Steph. Byzant. in Lacouia. . 



jETORCHECUM, a promontory of Bithynia. 

 jETUATES, a pt-ople of Helvetia, upon the frontiers 

 of RhtEtia, towards the fources of the Rhine. 

 ^TULANA, a counti^ of Armenia Minor. 

 iETYiMANDRI, apeople of Afia. 



iEVSKAIA, in Gro^rnph, a town of Siberia, fituatcd 

 on the Irtiih ; 20 leagues north-well of Tara. 



iEX, the name of one of the nurfes of Jupiter, who was 

 placed among the ftars. 



MXO^A, a borough of Attica, dependent upon the 

 tribe of Ceeropides. The inhabitants were fo muchaddiaed 

 to calnmny, that c^ynvt^^-x, was ufed proverbially for fpeak- 

 ing evil of another. 



^XONIA, was alfo the name ot a city of Magnelia m 

 ThelTaly. Stcphaii. Byz. • ■ a r 



^ZALA, a town of the greater Armenia in Aim. 

 jEZANlS, a town of the greater PluTgia in Afia. 

 ^ZARI, an ancient people of Africa, who gave name 

 to a canton of Marmarica. 



jEZICA, a country of Thrace. 



AFDELLES, in Ichthyology, a name given by the Cre- 

 tans to the fiih called at Rome, don-zAUmi and zigunlla. bee 



JULIS. 



AFER, Conjlantinus, in Biography. See LONSTAN- 



Afer, Domiihis, a celebrated orator, was born at 

 Nifmes, in Gaul, in the year before Chnil IJ^ or 16, 

 and lived under Tiberius, and the three Incceeding em- 

 perors. After his advancement to the office of pra;tor, his 

 ambition led him to afpire after higher honours ; and with 

 this view, preferring fame to virtue, he txerciled his talents 

 as an accufer. Claudia Pulchra, the coulin of Agrippma, 

 ^^■as the firll obied of hie attack ; and by charging her with 

 adultery, witchcraft and magical operations agaiiiil the 

 empero'r, he recommended himlelf to Tiberius, who had 

 conceived an invincible dcteftation of Agrippina. Agnp- 

 pina, however, much as Ihe mull have relented his conducl, 

 Treated him with the contempt he delerved ; ior when Ihe 

 accidentally met with him after the impeaeliment ot Clau- 

 dia, and he v>-as endeavouring to avoid her, Ihe pertinently 

 applied to him the palfage in Homer (11. «. 335-) 



<« It is not of you, it is of Agamemnon I ccnnplain :" 

 Thus intimating ho- dil'dain of him, who was the mei-e 

 minifter of an iuiullice that proceeded from a higher 

 poAVL-r. Afer next year directed his acculation agauiil 

 Quintilius Varus, the Ion of Claudia ; in which he was 

 aided by P. Dolabella, who was a man of birth and the' 

 relation 'of Varus. Finding this practice to be a tource of 

 wealth and honours, at the degenerate period in which he 

 lived, he adhered to it through life, and incurred the con- 

 tempt even of his admirers, by periilUng in it when his fa- 

 culties were impaired by age, and the decay ot hio powa'S 

 eclipfed the fame of his former eloquence. His advance- 

 ment at this period depended on his talents for flattery, as 

 well as on thofe by which he was dillinguillud as a ])ublic 

 fpeaker. Having erecled a ilatue to Caligula, he intro- 

 duced into the iiifcription a reanxl, which he undoubtedly 

 defi'nied as an exprtflion of refpeet, that the emperor was 

 a fecoiid time coni'nl at the age of 27 years. Caligula m- 

 terpreted tlie compliment as a ceiifure upon him for violat- 

 ;„•■ the law, and as a reproach of his youth ; and pronounced 

 a vehement oration againll him in the fenate. Afer, in- 

 llcad of making any reply in his own vindication, profeffcd 

 the highell admiration of the emperor's eloquence, and rc- 



VOL. I. 



A F F 



pcated the fci-eattft part of his fpeech in ftiains of rapture. 

 By this feafonable artifice he not only obtained a pardon, 

 but induced the emperor to difpoflcfs the coiiluls ot their 

 office, and by this ad of injuftice to make way ior the ad- 

 vancement of Ater. 



This orator died in the reign of Nero, A. D. 59, m cor- 

 fequence, as it is laid, of eating to exce's. Quuiaihan alh- 

 duouny cuhivated the friendlhip ot Ater, and w'as in his 

 youth a coiillant attendant on his pleadmgs. Of his e o- 

 quenee he fpeaks in terms of high commendation, as dil- 

 tii..ri,in,ed by art and vanity, intitling him to rank among 

 the^ firtl orators of Rome. According to his account, 

 Afer often introduced pleafant llories and Ilrokes ot_ wit 

 in his pleadings ; and colleftinns were made ot his jetts. 

 He difeoura<-ed and condemned the prevailing pradice ot 

 vociferous Tpphiufe ; and being repeatedly urtcMTupted 

 whiUl he was pleading flowly and gravely before the Cer- 

 tnmviri, he paufed, and addieffing the judges, oblerved. 

 "Gentlemen, our profeffion is ruined." Ater. however, 

 expofed himfelf to ridicule, by continuing to plead under 

 the iiifumitiesand decays of advanced hfe : fome, fays 

 Quinelilian, laughed, others were alhamed ; and he oblerves 

 that Afer incurred the reproach, " Mah- eu,n drfjcn-r,^ 

 auam Mnerei" or, " that he had rather fail than fiiiilh : 

 and he grounds on his conduct a recommendation to oi-ator* 

 to withdraw, when age incapacitates them for maintammg 

 their former reputation. The orator, he fays, in order to 

 prevent falling into tliefe fnares of old age, ihoidd found a 

 retreat, and come into port with a found vclTel.' i acituB, 

 Annal. 1. iv. c. 66. tom. i. p. 5 1"- 1- "^'^•J'- '9- to™-..'- P- 

 Q-iz Ed. Gronov. Dion Callius, Hill. Rom. tom. n. p, 

 02' . Ed. Reiraar. Q^uindilian, lull. 1. v. c. 7. tom. 1. 



p. 37S. 1. vi. c. 3. p.' 535- 1- ^- ^- I- P- 9'?: !•='"• 



c. II. tom. ii. p. 1107. Ed. Burman. Phny, Epift. h. 



^' AFFA, a weight ufed on the gold coafl. of Guinea. It 

 is equal to an ounce, and the half of it is called cggfku 

 Moil i.r the blacks on the gold coall give thefe names to 



thole weights. , „ , n 



AFFACUS, in Geography, a town on the Laroaiy Ihorc, 

 ci<dit leagues louth-eall from Africa. 



''AFFANG, a town of the archduchy of Auftria, three 



leagues well of Steyr. • . ' 



AFFAR, a town of Arabia Felix; 14 German miles 



call of Eolieia. ,.,,-, 



AFFATOMIA, in y/«c/™/ Laii; a kind ot donation 

 made by thrufting a wand into the perlon's bolom, to whom 

 it was liiade. Du-Cange. 



AFFECTED, in Algebra. See ADricxiiD. 



AFFECTIO lovina, is a difeat« incident to cattle, oc- 

 cafioned bv a little worm, bred between the flelh and the 

 Ikin ; which works its way over all parts ot t,ie body. 



AFFECTION, in a general lenie, denotes an attri- 

 nu'rE peculiar to fome fubjed, aad arifing from the very 

 idea or elfenee of it. 



The word is formed from #mr, to afn; the suiijtcT 

 being iiere fuppoled in fome meafure afcdal, or aded on, by 

 the thing attributed to it. 



In this fenle, nffllon'M fynonymous wuh projurly, or uitl. 

 what the fehoolmen call /ro/,.W/m-?rwr/(;;/W-3. 



Ph.lolophers are divided as to the dodrme and divif.0,1 ol 

 affedionsf according to Arillotle, they are either yt/ic-Y/- . 

 nalin^ ovfuborJinalal; under the firlt ot which comes only 

 „wJe; and under the fecond, fnitcncfs, place, and tune. 

 The crenerahtv of Peripatetics divide afledions into u^crrol, 

 asmo'tionandiiniteners; and external, as place ami time. 

 According to Sperlingius, affedions are better divided into 

 Ihnpk or rimud, anti dhjnnH or feparoie : under the hill he 

 ■J ^ X X coniprcheno* 



