AFT 



fion, as their forenocms to bufinefs ; and their ufiial divcr- 

 fions were the game called pila, and ottier txercifcs of the 

 body, cfpceially walking or riding. Thcfe lalted till the 

 eighth or ninth hour, anfwcnng to our three o'clock, which 

 was the time for the baths. After bathing, they anointed 

 and perfumed themfelvcs ; and, about tlie tenth hour, went 

 to cana, fupfxr, about three hours before fun-fet ; which 

 done, the clay wai! ended at the public fpeftacles, theatncal 

 or amphithcatrical fports ; with mufic, finging, and the 

 like. 



ArTitL-faih ufually comprehend all thofe which are ex- 

 tended on the mizen-maft, and on the Hays, between the 

 /hizen and main-mafts. 



ArTKR-r/vowj-, or paliu, emxtis pojleri, dolores pojl par- 

 turn, in Midiv'tfery, are pains refembhng labour pains, though 

 ordinarily lefs violent, which occur after the cxpulfion of the 

 foetus and placenta. They are occafioncd by the conti-aftion 

 of the uterus to expel congealed blood, parts of the mem- 

 branes, or other foreign bodies from its cavity, as well as 

 to reduce the capacity of the blood vcffcls, which during 

 pregnancy acquire a confideiable magnitude, to the fize they 

 had prior to conception. They are more or lefs fevere m 

 diilerent women, but are found very rarely to occur after 

 iirll labours. They are more frequent, fevere, and lading, 

 after the birth of large, than of fmall or middling fizcd 

 children, or after labours that have temiinattd in an un- 

 ufually quick and rapid manner, particularly if the placenta 

 has been extrafted almoft immediately after the birth of the 

 child. Mr. White, of Manchefter, to whom we are in- 

 debted for many valuable praftical obfervations, on the 

 manner of condufting labour, is of opinion, that after-pains 

 are almoft entirely occafioned by extracting the fhoulders and 

 body of the child, immediately after the birth of the head, 

 inftead of waiting and fufFering them to be expelled by the 

 pains ; and fays, that by purfuing a different courfe, and 

 feaving the whole of the procefs to nature, in ordinary' 

 cafes, he had been fo fortunate, that, in the courfe of feveral 

 years, he had neither been under the neccffity of introducing 

 his hand into the uterus to extraft the placenta, nor to give 

 opiates or other medicines to quiet after-pains, except in a 

 fingle inftance, " the after-pains having been fo trifling, 

 \inder his management, both with regard to violence and 

 duration, as not to deferve notice." Treatment qn the ma- 

 nagement of pregnant and lyhig-in women, p. ill. See more 

 on this fubjeft, under the word labour. After-pains, even 

 when moft fevere, are ftill unattended with danger. They 

 are bell reheved by the application of warm cloths, with 

 gentle friAion to the abdomen, by giving internally twenty- 

 five or thirty drops of the tinfture of opium, or by affiduoufly 

 rubbing upon the region of the uterus, a mixture compofed 

 of four parts volatile liniment, and one of the tincture of 

 opium, by adminiftering frequent draughts of warm gruel, 

 aad giving caftor oil, or fome other gentle purge on the fol- 

 lowing day. See labour. 



Am?i.-Jhvaniis, in fpeaking of bees, are fecondaiy or 

 pofterior fwarms, frequently found to quit the hives within 

 a fortnight after tlic iirft. 



Butler tells us, that the after-fwarms differ from the prime, 

 in that the latter are direfted by the vulgar, or crowd of 

 bees, whofe only rule is the fulnefs of the hive ; whereas 

 the former are appointed by the ruling bees, and indicated 

 by a noife or call, which thcfe make for the fpace of two or 

 three days, as it were to give waniing to the common heid 

 to prepare for a march. Within eight or ten days after the 

 prime fwarm is gone, if the princcfs next in order find a com- 

 petent number fledged and ready, Ihe begins to tune her 



A G A 



treble voice, in a mournful and begging note, as if fhe 

 prayed the queen-mother to let them go ; to which voice, if 

 ihe vouchfafe a reply, by tuning her bafe to the other's 

 treble, it marks her confent ; in confeqiience of which, 

 within a day or two after, if the weather allow, the new 

 fwarm appears. If the prime fwarm be broken, the after 

 will both call and fwami the fooner, perhaps the next day ; 

 in which a third, fomctimes a fourth, fucceeds in the fame 

 feafon : but all ufually within a fortnight after the prime 

 fwarm. See Swarm. 



AFTO, in Botany, a name given by the natives of Guinea, 

 to a plant of the eryfimum kind, which they grind to powder, 

 and take as fnuff, to cure the head-ach. Petiver has called 

 this plant the woody and wooly eryfimum, or hedge-muftard, 

 of the coafts of Guinea. Phil. Tranf. N" 232. 



AFUERA, in Geography. See Affuira. 



AFWESTAD, a large copper-work, belonging to the 

 crown of Sweden, fituate on the river Dal-Elbe, in the pro- 

 vince Thailand or Dalecarlia. It refembles a town in its 

 extent, and has its own church. Copper-plates are manu- 

 faftured, and the fmdl copper money is coined in this place ; 

 which has alfo a royal poft-houfe. 



AFZELIA, in Botany, a genus of the dlJynamia 

 angiofpermia clafs and order ; the chara6lers of which are, that 

 the calyx is quinque-partite, the corolla campanulated, and 

 the capiule rotundated, acuminated, double -celled, gaping 

 at the apex and polyfpermous ; with hemifphcric receptacles. 

 There is one fpecies, ij/z. the y^sf/w Caffioides. This is the 

 AfzeUa of Gmelin, which Dr. Smith fays is too uncertain 

 to. be honoured by fuch a name, after that of Adam Afzclius, 

 profeffor of botany in the academy of Upfal; and therefore he 

 lias appropriated it to a new fpecies of the dccandr'ia mcnogynia 

 clafs and order, near the Hymen/ta, and of the natural order 

 of leguminofic : the effential charafters of which are, that the 

 calyx is tubulofe with a limb quadrifid, deciduous ; the 

 petals are four, unguiculated, with a very large head ; the 

 filaments are two, fuperior, fterile ; the legumen many- 

 celled ; the feeds arillated at the bafe. It is found in Africa, 

 near the equiuoftial. Linnaean Tranf. vol. 4. p. 221. 



AGA, in the language of the Moguls, &c. fignifies a 

 great man, lord, or commander. 



In this laft fenfe, the term is alfo ufed among the Turks ; 

 thus, the Aga of the Janizaries is their colonel ; and is the 

 only perfon who is allowed to appear before the Grand 

 Seignior, without his arms acrofs his bread, in the pofture 

 of a Have. The capi aga, is the captain of the gate of the 

 feraglio. 



The title aga is alfo given, by way of courtefy, to feveral 

 perfons of didinftion, though not in any office, or command, 

 to entitle them to it ; as to the eunuchs of the feraglio. 



The chief officers under the khan of Tartary are called 

 by this name. And among the Algerlnes, we read of agas 

 chofen from among the boluck lajlns (the firft rank of mili- 

 tai-y officers), and f^nt to govern in chief the towns and 

 gan-ifons of that date. See Algiers. 



On fome occafions, in lieu of aga, they fay agaji, or 

 agajfi. Thus the aga, or governor of the pages, is called capi 

 agaffi ; and the aga or general of the horfe, fpahilar ageiffi. 



Aga, or Adja, in Geography, a village about half a 

 mile from Anamaboa, on the golu coajl of Africa, where 

 the Dutch formerly had a fort ; and where, it is faid, they 

 have now one fadlor. Its fituatlon is by no means favour- 

 able to commerce, as the landing is difficult and dangeious ; 

 but the adjacent country produces feveral valuable commo- 

 dities, and among others a very fine cotton. 



Aga Cretenjium, in Botany, fignifies the Spaniftimilk-thiftle. 



Aga. 



