AGE 



A G G 



opinion. When lie found that Tacho3 did not afR^n !i:m 

 the command of (he whole army, but icftriclcd his autho- 

 rity merely to the foreign troops, lie was furprizcd and 

 mortified ; and he was the more incenfed by the contempt 

 with which his counfel was received, and by various inibnnces 

 of neglec'l which he experienced. Thus provoked, he 

 joined ihofe Egyptians who took part with NeCtaiiehis, the 

 other competitor for the crown, and affitlcd them in elta- 

 blilhiiig the rival of Tnclios on the throne. Agefilaus 

 pleaded public utility as an apology for his verfatile conduel 

 in this inllance : Xenophon attempts to jialUate it ; but 

 Plutarch ciiarges it with the infamy of jjtriidy and Ireafon. 

 The following winter, in the year before Chriit 361, he 

 embarked to return to Lacedsmon ; but was driven by a 

 ftorm upon the coall of Africa, into a place called the Port 

 of Menelaus ; where he fell lick and died, at the age of S4 

 years, after a reign of 41 years, during 30 of which he 

 maintained the moll dillinguilhed reputation. Hi.s latter 

 years, after the battle of Leuftra, v/ere lefs honourable : 

 and Xenophon, in his eulogium of this prince, has been 

 thought too much to exaggerate his virtues, and to extenu- 

 ate his faults. His body was cairied to Sparta, and em- 

 balmed with wax inftead of honey, which was ufually em- 

 ployed for this purpole. His fon Archidamus fucceedcd to 

 the throne, which continued in his houfe to Agis, who was 

 the fifth king of the line of Agelilaus. His life and actions 

 have been recorded, not only by Xenophon, his intimate 

 friend and panegyrill, but by Diodorus Siculus, Plutarch, 

 and Nepos. Many anecdotes are related concerning him, 

 which fufficiently mark his charafter, and evince the high 

 eftimation in which he was held by his contemporaries. 

 Hearing the great king, an appellation affumed by the kings 

 of Perlia, fpoken of in terms of extraordinary commenda- 

 tion ; he is reported to Jiave faid — " I cannot conceive 

 wherein he is greater than I, unlefs he be more jull." His 

 regard to jullicc, however, was fomctimes facriticed to his 

 attachment to his country, and to the bias of private friend- 

 fhip and afleftion. In recommending a friend to a judge, 

 he fays — " If Nicias be not guilty, acquit him for his in- 

 nocence ; if he be, acquit him for my fake ; but, however 

 it be, acquit him." His contempt of unmerited praife, 

 and his fuperiority to oftentation and vain-gloiy were pro- 

 minent features in his charadler. Accordingly, he would 

 never permit, during his life, that his pifture (hould be 

 drawn ; and at his death, he exprefsly forbad any image to 

 be made of him, either in colours or relievo. " Let my 

 aftions," he would fay, " if deferving, be my monument." 

 The following anecdote furnilhes a plcaling evidence of his 

 domeftic afTedtions. When a friend found him riding upon 

 a ftick with his children, " Tell nobody what you have 

 feen (faid Agefilaus) till you are yourfelf a father." Xeno- 

 phon Hift. Giscc. Plutarch in Agefil. Corn. Nepos. in 

 Agefil. Univ. Hift. vol. v. p. 460. Diodorus Siculus. Rol- 

 lin's Ant. Hill. vol. iii. p. 369 — 400. vol. iv. p. 137 — 

 196. 



Agesilaus, in Mythology, the furname of Pluto, which 

 was given to him, beeaufe he conduced all mankind into his 

 empire ; Trapx to ayav ry^ Xocbii, 



AGESINATES, in Ancient Geography, a people of 

 Gaul, placed by M. d'Anville in the territor)- of the Pic- 

 tones or Piftavi. 



AGESSUS, a town of Thrace, called by Pliny (1. iii. 

 c. II.) Agafus, jnd by Livy, (1. xliv. c. 7.) Agnjfa, but 

 affigned to Macedonia in the confines of Thrace. Stephan. 

 Byz. Hardouin mentions imperial Greek medals belonging 

 to this city. 



AGETORIA, in Antiquity, feafts mentioned by Hefy- 



chius, wr.lch were probably inftituted in honour of Apo!!o» 

 and the iame that were obferved by the Lacedemonians, 

 under the appellation of Carneia. Venus was alfo ho- 

 noured at thele feafts, as we may conclude from the name of 

 ayiTwp, which was given in the ifland of Cyprus to the prieft 

 of this goddefs. 



AGEUSTIA, or AcHF.usTiA, formed of « /r/W/. and 

 ywojjiixt, lo InJJe, in Mtr/idrn; a defeft in the fcnfe of talle. This 

 difeale ma) arife from an organic afledlion, or an atonic ilatc, 

 of the organs. The lafte may be depraved or diminiflied by 

 fur, mucus, APTHTMyT:, ulcers, &c. on the tongue ; or by a 

 diieafed fccretion of faliva. It may be entirely aboli(hcd by 

 injuries done to the nerves of the tongue and palate. 



This conftitutes one of tlic genera of difeiifeb in the ar- 

 rangement of Dr. CuUen ; and he divides it into A. orgii- 

 tika, arifing from a difcafe in the membrane of the tongue, 

 keeping oil from the nerves thofe fubftances which ought to 

 produce talle ; and A. alonica, which occurs without any 

 evident dileale of the tongue. 



Ciiic. — When the talle is diminiOied or depraved by fur 

 or mucus, as ufually happens in Frvtas, it is rarely poflible 

 to reftore it by any other means than thole wliich fubdue the 

 fever. The tongue, teeth, and fauces, fliould be wafhed 

 with detergent gargles, of which the aqua ammonia:, or 

 common fal volatile, properly diluted with water, is the 

 moll efleCtual in dillolving the mucus. The tongue may be 

 gently ferapcd wl>en moill, and the teeth brufhed. When 

 the tafte is depraved by a difeafed fecrction of faliva, the 

 cure depends on relloring the natural fecrction. If bile, or 

 any s a burr A in the ftomaeh, diforder the natural tafte, 

 recourfe mull be had to emetics or the proper correiSlors of 

 the offending caufe : acidity is removed by alkalies, chalk, 

 magnefia, and even by other acids. 



AGGADA, in jenvijli jinliqultf, an ingenious tale or 

 ftory ; of which kind there are many in the Talmud. 



There are feveral books extant among the Jews under 

 this title. R. San Ifrael Ben Juda has publiflied Novellas 

 j^ggailarum, or new explanations of the llories and rela- 

 tions in the Talmud, difcovering the hidden meanings 

 thereof. 



AGGAS, RoBi-RT, in Biography, commonly called Au- 

 Gus, a good Enghlh landlcape painter, who was alio ikilled 

 in architefture, lived in the reign of Charles II. He 

 painted both in oil and dillemper -, but few of his pidlures 

 are extant. The bell is a landfcape prcfented to the com- 

 pany of paper-llainers, and preferved in their hall. He 

 died in London, in 1679, at the age of about 60 years. 

 Biog. Dlcl. 



Aggas, Ralph, an engraver, publiftied the ]ilan of Ox- 

 ford and Cambridge, in 1578, and a map of Dunwieh in 

 1589. Pie engraved, on wooden blocks, the plan of Lon- 

 don, afterwards engraved on copper by Vertue. Strutt. 



AGGER, in Ancient Writers, denotes the middle part 

 of a military road, raifed into a ridge, with a gentle Hope 

 on either lide, to make a drain for the water, and keep the 

 way dr)'. The appellation is alfo ufed for the whole 

 road, or military way. 



Where high-ways were to be made in low grounds, as 

 between two hills, the Romans ufed to raife them above 

 the adjacent land, fo as to make them on a level with the 

 hills. Thefe banks they called aggcres. Bergier mentions 

 feveral in the Gallia Belgica, which were thus raifcjd, ten, 

 fifteen, or twenty feet above ground, and five or fix leagues 

 long. 



They are fometimes alfo called aggeres calceati, and now 

 generally known by the name chaussees, or causeways. 



AcGEK. alfo denotes a work of fortification, ufed both for 



the 



