A G R 



A G R 



fclf, and another ercfted by the emperor Shnh-jchan for his 

 tinprtfs Mahd-Alia, at the expeiice of 60 lacks of riij)ecs, 

 or 750,000/. N. lat. 26-' 43'. li. loiip;. 76" 44'. 



Ik-tween this city and l.;ilwre in the Paiijab, whicli arc 

 diilant from each other 500 miles, there is planted on each 

 fide of the road a continued row of ihady trees, forming an 

 avenue, to which, whether we conlider its extent, its 

 beauty, or its utility in a hot climate, there is nothing 

 fnnllar in any country. Rennell's Memoir, p. 69. Frafer's 

 Hill. Nadir Shah, p. 25. 



The province, or Subali ofAgra, is bounded on the north by 

 the province of Delhi,ori tlieeallbyOude.onlhefouthbyMalwa, 

 and on the well by Agimcre , and is about 175 miles long 

 3i)d as many broad. According to the divilions ot the tmptror 

 Akbar,st cont<u\is 1 3 circars or counties, \\ hich arc divided into 

 203 pergumiahs or hundreds. The amount of the revenue is 

 16,156,257 Sicca rupees; and the number of the forces 

 are 50,600 cavalry, 577,570 infantry, and 221 elephants. 

 It is, after many revolutions, fays Mr. Maurice, in vol. i. of 

 liis Indian Antiquities, publilhed in 1793, at prefent pofTeffed 

 by Madajee Sindia, one of the moft; formidable of the felf- 

 created fovereigns of the Hindollan. The indigo of this 

 province is deemed the moft valuable in the Eall Indies. 

 Its productions are alfo rice and cotton, oranges apd lemons ; 

 and its manufactures ai-e white cloth, filken Ituiis, lilver 

 and gold lace, &:c. 



Agra, or Egra, is the name given by Pliny (Nat. 

 Hill. torn. i. p. 339- Ed. Hard.) to the town of Hejaz, 

 in Arabia Felix, now called Hejr, or Al-Hheg'r ; fituatcd, 

 in N. lat. 28^ 30'. amidil a ridge of rocky mountains, de- 

 nominated 'Al-Athalcb, i. e. the fragments of ilones ; out 

 of which many houfes have been cut, as fonie fa)', by the 

 Amalekites, or by their anceftors the Adites, Iramites, and 

 Thamudites. The Thamydeni of the ancients arc repre- 

 fented by Pliny as neighbours to this city. 



AGRADO Ilhea, a town of Africa, in Lower Guinea. 



AGR^, a city of Arcadia, mentioned by Pliny, torn. i. 

 p. 195. 



AGRjEA, a countiy of Greece, which extended itfelf 

 into jiLtolia and Acarnania. 



AGR-.'EI, a people of Arabia Felix, who, according to 

 Pliny, were good vvairiors : and alfo a people of ./Etolia in 

 Greece, near the Achelous. 



AGRAGA, an epileopal city of Spain. 



AGRAGAS. See Agrigentum. This was alfo a 

 viver of Sicily, which joined the Hypfa, below Agri.^ 

 gentum. 



AGRAII, Ajri.p, and ylgriani, a people of Paeonia, 

 between Hiemus and Rhodope. 



AGRAKOVA, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 

 Archangel, on the weft of the White Sea ; 1 7 German 

 miles well of Archangel. 



AGRAM. SeeZAGRAB. 



A.GRAMONT, a fmall town of Catalonia in Spain, 

 between Lerida and Solfona, on the river Segre, but the 

 capital of a jurif.iiction. N. lat. 41'^ 50'. E. long. 58'. 



AGRANE, a borough of Babylon, ruined by the Per- 

 iians. 



AGRARIiE_/?<;//'onf,r, in the Jnciait Military /!rt, corps 

 of guards polled in the iields, and in the open air. 



Agrari,?^ na-ves, was ufed for veifeli placed to keep watch, 

 or gua-d. 



■ AGRARIAN, agrariui, formed of a^er, a Jieh!, in a 

 genwal fenfe, fom.ething relating to fields or lands. 



Acr^ APIAN, in the Roman JurifpruJcnce, a denomination 

 given to fucli laws as relate to the partition or diilribution 

 of lands. 



There nre i y or 20 agrarian laws ; whereof tlie principal 

 arc, the Lex Cajfui, in the year of Rome 268 ; tiie Lex 

 Licinia, in 3S6 ; the Lex Flaminia, in 525 ; two SLmpro- 

 nian laws, in the year 620 ; the Lex yipuleia, in tlie year 

 653 ; the Lex Btc/iia ; the /.ex Cornelia, in 673 ; the Lex 

 Servilia, in 690 ; the Lex Flavia ; the Lex Julia, in the 

 year 691 ; the Lex Aiiia Liiiriiii, the Lex Lii'ia, the Le:* 

 Marcia, tile Lex Rofcia, made after the taking of Carthage ; 

 the Lex Florin, and the Lex Titia. See Acer. 



Agrarian La-ui, Lex Agraria, abfolutely, and by 

 way of eminence, fo called, was a celebrated law, publilhed by 

 Spurius Caflius, about the year 26S, B. C. 4S6, lor an equal 

 divilion of the conquered lands among all the citizens, and 

 for limiting the quantity of ground poflelfed by each perfon 

 to a certain number of acres. Thofe other two in the Di- 

 geil, the one pubhihed by C:efar, and the other by Nerva, 

 only relate to the limits or boundaries of grounds ; and have 

 no relation to that of Spurius Caffins. The Roman lands 

 were of divers kinds, fome conquered from the enemies, and 

 not yet brought to the public account : others brought in- 

 deed to the public, but clandcllincly ufurped by private 

 great men : lallly, others purchafed with the public money, 

 in ordcrto be divided. Agrarian laws, either for dividing lands' 

 taken from the enemy, or the public lands,- or tiiole pur-_ 

 chalcd with the public money, were ealily palled' without 

 dllluibance ; but thole whereby-private rich men were to be 

 outed of their lands, and the common people put in politdion 

 of what had been held by the nobihty, were never attempted 

 without great difturbances. This is the lirft time the Agra- 

 rian law was mentioned ; and the meafure originated in the 

 ambitious views of Caflius, who thus intrigued for gaining 

 the favour of the people, and for attaining abiolute power. 

 The law had the appearance of equity, and could not lefs 

 than be agreeable to the people, whole mifei-y it relieved. 

 But as the lands, which Caifuis wilhcd to have dillributed 

 among the poorer citizens had been uiijullly ufurped by the 

 rich, the propofal alarmed the Senators, partly beeaufe they 

 were perfonaily interelled in it, and partly beeaufe they 

 apprehended its dangerous cimfequences. The people were 

 at firll pleafed ; but when they underitood that tlie Latins 

 were to partake with them of the advantage, they were 

 difguiled. To conciliate the Latins, and to engage their con- 

 cun-ence in his favour, were the objects which Caffius had in 

 view ; but the jealoufy and diflatisfaClion of the Roman 

 people difappointed his hopes, and teiminated in his death. 

 As foon as he was found guilty of afpiring to the fo- 

 vereignty, and fentence was paffed upon him, he was carried 

 by the Qjiettors to the Tarpeian rock', which fronted the 

 Forum, and thrown down from the top tor the bottom in the 

 prefence of the people ; fuch was the cuftomary punilhment 

 of this crime amongft the Romans. His houfe was alfo 

 demolilhed and his ellate fold by auction. With the money 

 arifing from it a ftatue of brafs was erected to Ceres. The 

 Plebeians, when they afterwards found that the decree of 

 the Senate for the dillribution of lands was not executed, 

 nor any meafures adopted for this purpofe, reproached them- 

 felves with the condemnation of Caflius, as an aft of im- 

 prudence, and even of inhiilicc. In the year of Rome 

 299, the fubject of the agrarian laws, which had been fuf- 

 pended for 30 years, was revived by the Tribunes ; and 

 the people demanded, that as they (hared with the Pa- 

 tricians in the labours and dangers of the commonwealth ; 

 they might alfo Ihare with them in the benefits accruing 

 from them. But a new partition would have been attended 

 with great difficulties ; and it feemcd impoflible to proceed 

 in this bufniels, without manifetl injuftice to many pcrfons in 

 actual poireffion of the lands to be dillributed^ who had 



really 



