A G R 



keel, as they are In ewry other Britifli fjicciss of agroftis, 

 except the minima. Again, in tlie aipiluiris., the valves ot 

 the bloiroms arc equal, but in the A. I'li'^aris the inner valve 

 is only half the fi/e of the other. Dr. Smith (I'lor. Brit, 

 vol. i. p. 79.) t;harai5leri/cs the A. imlgaris, or fine B. 

 as having a Ipreading panicle, finall branches divaricated and 

 capillary, eiiual calyces, interior petal twice as fliort as the 

 other : aixl to this fpccies he refers the A. vulgaris of VVith- 

 oring; the A. capillaris of others,and xht A. polymorpha (a) of 

 Hutlfon, and as varieties, the A. caninn of Withering, the A. 

 pumila of IJnnxus, and the third variety of Withering's A. 

 vulgaris. It isYerei\nlal, (lowers in July, and is found in 

 meadows, pattures and ploughed fields. The fixteenth 

 fpecics is perennial, and grow,; in inoifiilh woods, as Bilhop's- 

 wood, J-Iampilead, and alfo in Hornfey wood, near Lon- 

 don. It flowers in June and Augnlt. The feventecnth is 

 perennial, and grows in ditelies, marfiies, and moilt mea- 

 dows. Withering mentions four varieties ; one with pani- 

 cle branches, crowded with florets at the bafe, which flowers 

 in June and July, and is found in wet ditches, bogs, and 

 marfhes ; a fccond, with calyx, both valves ferrulated, fup- 

 pofed to be the preceding plant, when growing in a drier 

 fituation, and found amongll wheat, in light iandy loam, 

 flowering from July to September; a third, with the inner 

 valve of the calyx only ferrulated upward, found in loamy foil, 

 amongfl wheat, and in very light fandy foil under the Norfolk 

 courfe of turnip hulbandry, and alfo elfewhere amongll 

 potatoes ; flowering from July to September ; the fourth 

 has both valves of the calyx ferrulated, the inner only on 

 the upper half: it is found amongll wheat, in light land ; 

 flowering from July to September. The three lall varieties 

 coallitute the greatell part of what is called fquitch, in light 

 arable lands ; which are called white fquitch, to diftinguilh 

 it from A. nigra and A. Jlolonifera, which are called black 

 fquitch, or couch. Dr. Smith enumerates only two varie- 

 ties, viz. the A. alba, and A. fylvatica, i. e. marfh and wood B. 

 which he refers to this fame fpecies. The eighteenth is a na- 

 tive of Iceland, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, England in 

 dry places, Wales and Scotland ; found in poor barren foil, 

 e.g. heaths nearHarrowgate, perennial, and flowering in July. 

 The nineteenth is a native of France and Germany, and has 

 been difcovered by Mr. Stillingfltet, in Wales ; it is com- 

 mon in fandy paftures on the fouth-weft coaft of Anglefea : 

 By fome it is denominated fpring-plant, and faid to flower 

 early in March and April, and ripen its feed in May. Dr. 

 Stokes refers this fpecies to the Poa. The twentieth is 

 perennial, and a native of the Eaft Indies. The twenty-firil 

 is an elegant little plant, and called by Browne crab-grafs. 

 The twenty-fecond is a native of South America, flowering 

 the fecond year, having the appearance of cinna, and in- 

 troduced in 1 780, by Mr. G. Alexander. The twenty-third 

 is a native of Jamaica; the twenty-fourth is a native of India, 

 introduced in 1773, by the Earl of Bute ; the twenty-fifth 

 a native of Japan. The twenty-fixth comprehends the 

 panueus and monfpelienjls ALOPECURUS in the Linnean 

 fyllem ; the firll grows in marflies and wet paftures, and the 

 fecond in a dry foil, to whicli the difl'erence is probably owing. 

 The twenty-feventh is a native of the Eall Indies, found 

 there by Dr. Koenig, and introduced in 1778 by Sir Jofeph 

 Banks. It is annual, and flowers in July and Augufl:. The 

 twenty-eighth is a native of Jamaica ; introduced in 1779; 

 perennial, and flowers in July and Auguft. The twenty- 

 ninth is a native of Arabia and Barbary, ufedby the Arabs 

 in the hemorrhoids ; perennial, and found in dry places off 

 the coafl; in the country of Nice. The thirtieth is a native 

 of Switzerland and the north of England ; found on heaths, 

 meadows and moift pallures, which have besn long in turf. 



A G R 



Some parts of Houndow heath abound with it. Dr. Smith 

 (Hor. lirit. vol. i. p. 78) refers, the A. ■!;;«(■(;/;> of Withering 

 to the A. caiiirw. 1'he thirty-firll is a native of New Zealand : 

 the thirty-fecond of Cochinchina, near the coalt, where 

 it is dried and ufed for perfuming their clothes ; the 

 thirty-third a native of the fuburbs of Canton. The thirty- 

 fourth and thiity-fifth have been referred by fome to CiNj) A. 

 'Dr. Withering mentions fome other fpecies, "vi-z. A. pa- 

 lujlris., with the huflcs of the calyx equal, and the outer valve 

 of the blolibm twice the length and breadth of the inner ; 

 awn llraight, much fliorter than the bloffom, fixed a little 

 beneath its point ; fome conlider this as an awncd variety of 

 the A. alba palnjlris of Hudlon, but Dr. W. regards It as a 

 dillinifl fpecies. It Ik found in fwainps and moill ditches ; 

 perennial, and flowering in June and July. A. pallida, with 

 the valves of the calyx unequal ; the inner valve of the 

 bloflbm hair like, very ftiort, awn fomewhat longer than the 

 bloffom, fixed below its middle ; it is fuificicntly dillinft from 

 both the A. alba and A. capillaris ; found in the New Forell, 

 Hants, and flowering in May and June. A. itttoralis, with 

 panicle fomewhat fpike-like, the hulks of the calyx awned ; 

 firll found on the Norfolk ceall by Sir Jofeph Banks, pe- 

 rennial, flowering in June. The A. Uttoralis, fea-fide B. 

 according to Dr. Smith [iibi fupra) has hnear-lanceolate 

 awned calyces, naked corolla ; awn fvib-terminal llraight, 

 and decumbent culms. It is perennial, flowers in Auguft, 

 and is found in clayey fea-lliores ; in falt-marfhcs near Cley, 

 Norfolk. A. nigra, with fcattered panicle, branches bare 

 at the bafe, florets few ; inner valve of the calyx fmooth, 

 and creeping root ; it is different from the A.. Jlolonifera of 

 Linnsus, to which fome have referred it ; found in marley, 

 clayey, and other cold wet foil, both in grafs and under tillage ; 

 perennial, flowering from July to Oftober. A. maritima, 

 with large, rather fpreading panicle ; longer branches naked, 

 ftiorter ones crowded with florets at the bafe ; inner valve 

 of the calyx fmooth, outer ferrulated upwards ; gathered 

 by Dr. Pulteney in the fand on our fouthern fea-coafts ; 

 perennial, flowering in June and July. The A. "vulgaris 

 has been already mentioned. Martyn's Miller's Di£l. 

 Withering's Bot. Arr. vol. ii. p. 124-134. 



For the propagation and culture of feveral of the above 

 fpecies ; fee Grass. For other fpecies, to which the 

 name has been applied, fee Aira, Alopecurus, Ca- 



LAMAGROSTIS, Cen CHRUS, MeLICA, Ml LIUM and ScHOE- 



NUS. 



AGROSTOGRAPHIA, compounded of aypa.ri?,^rfl/}, 

 and 7pa?i»), dejcriplion, in Phyjiology, the hiftory, or defcrip- 

 tion of gramsns, or plants ot the graffy kind. 



AcRosTOGRAPHiA is alfo the title of a learned and labo- 

 rious work of John Scheuchzer, containing an exaft de- 

 fcription of about 400 fpecies of grafs ; particularly dog's- 

 tooth, cyperus, cyperoides, rulhes, &c. all dilpofed in a 

 new method ; yet the hillory is far from being complete. 



AGROTIRI, \n Ancient Geography, the moft fouthern 

 promontory of the ifland of Cyprus, eall of Limadol. It 

 is a fmall peninfula, connefted with the continent by a very 

 narrow tongue of land, and is now called cape De Gatti, on 

 account of the great number of cats kept .by the monks, 

 who, in the 4th century, obtained permillion to eftablilh 

 themfelves there, as well as on mount Olympus, on condi- 

 tion of keeping a great many of thofe animals for hunting 

 fnakes, which had multiplied to an alarming degree ; and 

 which, it is faid, have no greater enemies than cats. Son- 

 nini's travels in Greece and Turkey, p. 56. 



A-GROUND, in Sea-language, expreffes the fituation of a 

 fiiip whofe bottom, or any part of it, refts upon the ground. 



AGR.YLA, in /Indent Geography, a city of the ifland 



of 



