A G Y 



tWtlicr from ThetTaly. It was afterwards called Cjre, as 

 Strabo (Gcog. torn. i. p. 337.) informs us, from thit cir- 

 ciimllaiice, that the Lydian;;, hearing tlic inhabitants fre- 

 quently repeating to them the Greek expreiTlon X'^^Vi '• e'. 

 rejoice, took this to he tlie name of the eity, which it after- 

 wards retained. Others, thinkiiig this etymology more 

 fanciful than juft, deduce Agylla from gilhih, 'ivatcr, as 

 they had fountains in the neigiibourhood ; and Caore luiglit 

 be formed from car'i or car'uih, a /oct/;, in the language of 

 the Lydians. The fons of Tarquin weic banidied to this 

 town ; and hither the veftals retired when, in the year 363, 

 the Gauls laid fitge to Rome. The laws and police of 

 this city are much commended. Hiilory informs us that it 

 imited with thj adherents of Tarquin againil Rome ; and 

 that it afterwards demanded and obtained a truce of 100 

 years. It was one of the iirit cities which became munici- 

 pal. Strabo fays, that in his time, there remained only 

 the ruins of this famous city ; and it was known only by its 

 baths. 



AGYLLiEI, in Andcnt Htjlory, a denomination given 

 to the Pelafgi in Etruria. Infulated, as it were, in this 

 counti-y, they prefervcd, with little alteration, the manners 

 and religion of the ancient inhabitants of Greece ; they 

 furnilhed confiderable fleets, and aided the Carthaginians 

 with 60 veflels in their war with the Phocians, who had 

 eftablillied themfelves iu the illand of Sardinia ; and though 

 ■ they were vanquiftied, they made ' many prifoners, whom, 

 according to Herodotus (lib. i. 167. p. 79.) they put 

 to death. They amafTed a treafure at Delpli, by tranf- 

 mitting thither a tenth of their maritime prolits ; and by 

 their commerce, and their piracies on the coaft of Italy, and 

 amidft the iflands of the ./Egean fea, they acquired a degree 

 of power, which rendered them important aUies or formi- 

 dable enemies to their neighbours. Herodotus fays, that 

 their power was confiderable in his time ; and that, i 1 con. 

 fequence of an oracle, they had inftituted funeral facrifices 

 and annual games, which they then celebrated. Thefe peo- 

 ple, who were fometimes called Tynhenians, fcnt fucconr 

 to the Athenians in the Sicilian war, not long before the 

 ruin of Veil by the Romans. They formed an alliance 

 with the Romans, which gave them all the advantages be- 

 longing to Roman citizens, without the charges attending 

 them ; and they formed, under the name of Casrites, the 

 third order of the republic. The Ca;rites bore arms in the 

 Roman army, and were almoft always united to the Ro- 

 mans, as Livy, (lib. vii. c. xx.), informs us ; and they were 

 confidered, not merely as allies, but as a part of the nation. 

 At length, deierted by the Roman marine, which found 

 more fpacious and convenient ports, and lofuig its commerce, 

 Csre dechned, and the inhabitants, who were Romans, were 

 indifcriminatcly blended with the other citizens. 



AGYNEIA, formed of a, priv. and ywn, a nvife, in 

 Botany, a genus of the monoecla monadelphia clafs and order, 

 according to Martyn ; but in Gmehn's Linnaeus, of the tr't- 

 andria vionc^Q'nicr, of the natural order of tricoccie, and the 

 Euphorbite of Juflieu. Its generic charatters are, that the 

 male flowers are below the female; the calyx is fix-leaved ; the 

 leaflets oblong, obtufe, equal, and permanent ; no corolla ; 

 in the male, inllead of filaments, a column fliorter than the 

 calyx ; three or four anthers, oblong, growing to the 

 column below the top : in the female flowers, the germ of 

 the fizc of the calyx, fub-ovate, obtufe, perforated at top 

 with a fix-notche<l hole ; neither ftyle nor ftigma : the 

 pericarpium fuppofed to be a tricoccous capfule. There 

 are two fpecies, vi-z. I. A. impulrs, with leaves fmooth 

 on both fides. 2. A. pubera, \vith leaves downy under- 

 neath : both fpecies are natives of China. 



A II A 



AGYNIANI, hi Church Bijlory, a feft who condemned 

 all ule of flefli, and marriage, as not inllituted by God, but 

 introduced at tiie inftigation of ihc devil. 



Tlie word is compounded of the privative a, and 'jvn, 

 wmian. Tlicy are fometimes alfo calKil ylyfniiciifes and 

 y/gyiiii ; and aie laid to have appeared about the year ^194. 



AGYR'r.iE, in yltiliqiiily, a kind of llroUing impoilors 

 running about the country, to pick up money by telling 

 fortunes at rich men's doors, pretending to cure difcafes 

 by charms, facrifices, and other religious mylleries ; alfo to 

 expiate the crimes of their deceafed ancellors by virtue of 

 certain odours and fumigations ; to torment their enemies 

 by the ufe of magical verfes, and the like. Tiie word is 

 formed of the verb a-,iifii, I congregate ; alluding to the prac- 

 tice of quacks, who gathered a crowd about them. Sec 

 vEruscastorks. 



AGYRTUS, in Entomology, a name given by Cramer to 

 the PAPiLio PHERECLUS of Gmclin's Lmna;us. 



AHA, or Ahu, in Zoology, a name given by the I'cr- 

 fians to the cervvis pygargus of the Linna:an fyflcm, or 

 the lail-lcfs roe of Pennant, which has no tail, and three- 

 forked horns. It inh 'biis the lofty mountains of Hirca- 

 nia, and of Rufiia and Siberia, beyond the Volga ; and at 

 the approach of winter defcends into t'le plains and becomes 

 hoary : it is called ly the Rufilans dikeja roza, and by the 

 Tartars faiga. This animal refenibler. the roe, but is muck 

 larger, being of the fame deep red colour, with a large bed 

 of white on the nmip and buttocks, extending up the 

 back ; the fur is thick, in fpri;ig rough and crctl, on the 

 limbs and belly yellowlfli ; the fides of tlie under lip and the 

 fpace about the nofe are black ; but the point of the lip is 

 white ; the hairs of the eyc-Iids and round the orbits are 

 long and black ; the horns are very rugged at the bafes, 

 and full of knobs ; the ears are covered on the infide with a 

 very thick white fur. Gmehn's Linn. 



AHAB, in Scripture Biography, one of the kings of 

 Ifrael, was chiefly diltinguifhed by his impieties. He fuc- 

 cceded his father, A. M. 3086 ; manied Jezebel, the 

 daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Sidonians, or rather the 

 Tyrians ; and at her inlligation introduced the idolatrous 

 worfhip of Baal among the Ifraelites. In his wicked reign 

 there was a drought of three years continuance, probably 

 the fame with that mentioned by Jofephus, ( Ant. lib. viii. 

 c. XV, §2.) which happened, A.M. 3096. With a fmall 

 force he obtained a fignal viftory over Benhadad, king of 

 Syria, who had befieged Samaria. In a fubfequent war, 

 he endeavoured to elude the enemy by a change of clothes, 

 but was accidentally killed by an arrow, about the year 897 

 before ChriiL The defpotic charafter of this prince, and 

 the favage cruelty of his wife Jezebel, are ftrongly marked 

 in the anecdote related concerning Naboth's vineyard. 

 I Kings xvi. 29 — 33. XX. xxi. xxii. Gen. Diet. 



AH^TULLA, in Zoology, a fpecies of coluber, in 

 the order of Serpents. It is found in Afia and America, 

 about three feet 14 inches long, of a greenifli-gold colour, 

 with the (l<in, fometimes vifible between the fcaUs, black. 

 Its head is elongated and narrow, with a black band over 

 the eyes, and a te'rahedrous tail. By fome authoi-s it is 

 called the long green Borneo fnake, and the bonguatrora of 

 Ambcyna. Gmelin. 



AHALOTH, in the Materia MeAka, the Hebrew name 

 ufed by lomc w n'ters for the rtgnum-aloes, or aloes •wood. 



AHANIGER, in Ichthyology, a name given by Alber- 

 tus and ot.iers, to the filh called by authors Acus vulgaris, 

 and by u^ the gar-fish. 



AHAUSZ. SccAahus. 

 • AHASUERUS, in Scripture Hiftory, was the king of 



Perfia, 



