A I D 



A I Ci 



Aids are of die grcauft fcrvice in the manege, and form the 

 only true iauj^uaj^e between the maftcr and the horfe ; by thel'e 

 lie ii i-ncmirag-ed to act with propriety and energy, and the 

 necfdity of corretlion is prevented; confequently it mull be 

 evident that a great mixture of gcntkncfs and Ipirit are re- 

 quifite in their exhibition. 



'I'he principal aid is derived from the bridle ; indeed the 

 difTereiit management of tliis appointment foims feveral 

 dillinct aids, each of wiiich is fo uiefiil and necelfary that it 

 nii;;ht coMllllutc ^ dillinet leflbn. The cavcfon forms at 

 once an aid and a correclion of the moll powerful kind, and 

 in no way is the obedience of a horl'e fo well fecured as by this 

 means, 'i'lie fpur is of this number liktwifc ; when made 

 ufe of as an aid, it is by gently doling the heels and apply- 

 ing tlic points only to the ikin ; but the calves of the legs are 

 periiaps the beil aids of this kind. 



The whip is ufcd as an aid to keep the attention of the 

 horfe alive, by elevating the hand and linking the aid, or 

 gentiv patting the anniial in dilTercnt parts ; judioioufly ma- 

 naged to a well drefled horfe, it forms a very lively and ani- 

 matinij aid. The voice is likewife made ufe ot as an aid. 

 The motions of the thighs, knees, and the calves of the legs, 

 form feparate aids ; that of the calves is the mod important 

 and ufeful, without a proper knowledge ot wliich, both 

 liorfe and rider mull be dcfeiflive. The CiJves are ufed to- 

 gether, or fc-parate ; when one calf alone is employed, it 

 is ufuallv accompanied with tlie hand, to alter the pofition 

 of the body, or change the leg, by which anyattion is led. 

 The elevation of the body in the llirrups forms another 

 aid. 



The aids made ufe of to make a horfe go in airs, arc 

 either different in themfelves, or differently applied, to thofe 

 made ufe of on the ground. The general application of 

 thefe aids on the road is a branch of riding in which Eng- 

 lilh horiemen are by foreign mailers deemed defeftive. 

 The inner heel, inner leg, and inner rein, are called inner 

 aids. The outer heel, outer leg, &c. are outer aids. Sec 

 Berenger's Art of HorfemanHup, vol. ii. p. 92, &c. 



Aids, in the Fri'tuh Lav.', denote a duty paid on all 



food': lold and tranfported eitlier out of, or into the kingdom, 

 n this fenfe aids anfwerto w!\at the Latins call vecli^alia, a 

 in-hL-nd'n mercibiis, and are paid by all kinds of perlons, pri- 

 vileged, or non-privileged ; bv which they differ from 

 ta'illc-r, tn\ts, which are only paid by the pealants, being 

 a lort of capitation, anfwcring to what the Latins call 

 ifi/yii/iim. 



Aids, court of, in France, a court eree'}:ed for the cog- 

 nizance of matters relating to the taxes. Appeals come to 

 this from the couit of elections, where matters relating to 

 tiie tiii//e are firll heard. The cour/ of iiiils, of a province, 

 is fometimes fcparated from the parliament of the province, 

 and fixed in another city, as at Moutpelier, Montauban, &c. 

 Thers are twelve courts of aids, of wliieh the principal is 

 that at Paris. 



AIDAN, in Biography, a Britifh bifiiop of the 7th cen- 

 tur\-, was employed in inffrufting the inhabitants of the 

 Northern parts of England in the Clirillian religion. Pie 

 was a monk in the monallery of Hii, or Jona, one of tlie 

 Hebrides, which was fubjeft to Britain, but given to tlie 

 V\Af., who inhabited thofe parts of Britain, in recompence 

 of the zeal with which they had preached to them the 

 faith of Chrill. The kingdom of Northumberland, thou<Th 

 it had received the Clu-iilian doctrine from Paulinus, arcii- 

 bilhop of York, relapfed into idolatiy. When Ofwald, in 

 <^34, became king of Northumberland, he lent to Scotland 

 for a milfiouary, qualified for inllruding his fubjefts in the 

 doctrines and duties of chriftianity. It happened that a 



very improper perfon, an ecclefiaRic named Cormsn, of 

 fevcre difpolition and rugged manners, was fii-fl deputed iM.r 

 this purpole ; but it loon appeared that Aidan, who u aj 

 mild and prudent, was nuich fitter for the office; accordingly 

 he was coufecrated a bidiop and feat to the court of Of.vald. 

 At his lolicitatiou the epil'copal lee was removed from York 

 to l>indisfarne, a peninfulaadicining the Northumbrian coalt 

 bv a narrow ilthnius, called alio Holy Illaiid, becaufc it was 

 cliicfly inhabiteil by monks. Here Aidan exercifed an ex- 

 tcnfive jurifdiction, and preached the gofpel with great 

 fuecefs ; deriving encouragement and affillance in his labour, 

 from the condefcending fervices of the king himfelf. After 

 the dc:ith of Ofwald he continued to prehde in the cliurcii 

 of Northumberland, and died in the year 65,1. We have an 

 e;<traordinarv inilance of this bifliop's liberality to the poor. 

 Havii.g received a prefenl from king Ofuin of a fine horfe 

 and rich houlings, he met with a beggar, and difmounting, 

 gave him the horfe thus capariloned. When the bifliop, 

 txjn-effed fome dilplealure at this lingular acl of humanity, 

 and the iliglit put upon liis favour, Aidan quaintly but 

 forcibly aflied, " which do you value moil, the fon of a 

 mare or a fon of God ?" the king was fo affeclcd that he 

 fell upon his knees and intreated the biihop's forgivenefs. 

 Bcde dtfcrilies the charaeler of Aidan in terms ot high com- 

 mendation, and afcribes to him miracles, which the crediilit/ 

 of the times in which he lived would be dilpofed to admit. 

 To the report of one of his miracles we are inclined to give 

 our alfent. When the bilhop gave the priell, wlio was to 

 conducl the betrothed wife of Ofwi by fea to Northumber- 

 land, a phial of holy oil, inflruc^ing him, in cafe of a llorm, 

 to pour it into the fea, and affming him that it would foou 

 become calm, it is pofllble he might not be unacquainted 

 witli tlie efficacy of oil thus applied, which has been long 

 known, and is now fufficiently ellabhflied by obfervation and 

 experiment. Biog. Brit. 



AIDERBEITZAN,AnERBijAN,or, asthePerfianscaU 

 it, AzPRBtYAN, in Geography, a province of Perfut, borders 

 to the eafl on the province of Gliilan, the Cafpian Sea and 

 Tabrillan, tothe'fouth on Inic, Ajemi, to the weft and 

 north-well upon Curdillan and Upper Armenia, and to the 

 north on Scliirwan and Georgia. The etymology of the 

 name given by tlie Perlians to this province imports a country 

 of tire, fo called on account of tlie temple creftcd in it for 

 keeping tlieir facred lire. The loil is fruitful, and tlie climate 

 healthy, though cold. The mofl conliderable cities in it 

 are Tauris, Ardevil and Sultania. Tiic province txteiul* 

 from about 48° to 54^ E. long, and from 36^ to 39° N. 

 lat. 



AIDHAB, or Gaidh An, or Ardah, a town of Africa, 

 and fca-port of Nubia, on the eoall of the Red Sea. E. 

 long. 35"* 59'. N. lat. 22° 12'. 



AIDONA, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Noto ; 

 four miles north-eaft of Piazza. 



AIELLO, a fmall town and dukedom of Naples, in the 

 Abrnzzo ITltra, belonging by marriage to tlie hereditary 

 prince of Modena. 



AiKLLO is alfo a town of Naples, in the diftricT: of Cala- 

 bria Citra, with the title of a principality ; nine miles foiith 

 fouth-wcll ot Coienza. 



AIEREBA, in Ichthyology, the name of a filli of tlie 

 paft'mihn iiuir'ina kind, but diffeiing from all tlie others, in 

 that the form of its body is regularly round, or oval, and 

 its head placed far within the verge of its thin part. It is 

 common in the Wellern Ocean ; but it is not much efteemcd 

 for the table, being more loofe and flabby in its flefh than 

 the other kinds. jMarcgrave. 



AIGEN, in Geography, a town of Germany in the arch- 



dutehy 



