A I N 



of queen Elirabrth, lie n tired with many others of fimilar 

 fen:;nnci!ts to HoUaiid. At Arnfterdam, Ainfworth and ons 

 of his brothrcu in exile, whofc name was Johnfon, eftablilhcd 

 a chiuvh ; and in 1602 pubhihcd aconftffion of fuith of the 

 people called Krowniib. But trivial points of difcipline oc- 

 cafioncd diircnfions in the church, and thcfe two leaders, 

 with their refpeilive parties, though they had fled from per- 

 ftcution at home, could not tolerate each other, nor live 

 liarmonioudy in the fame city. Johnfon with his adherents 

 removed to Embden, where he foon died, and his congre- 

 gation was diflblved. Ainfworth withdrew to Ireland ; and 

 after fome time returned to his friends at Amilcrdam, and 

 continued with them till his death, which was fndden, and 

 not without fulpicion of violence. The circumilance that 

 is laid to have ocealloned it was fomewhat extraordinary and 

 dcferves to be mentioned. Having found a diamond of great 

 value in the llreets of Amfterdam, he advertifed it ; and 

 vhen t!ie owner, who was a Jew, came to demand it, he 

 uffered him any acknowledgment which he would deiire. 

 Ainfworth, though poor, would accept of no remuneration 

 but a conference with fome of the Jewilh rabbles, upon the 

 prophecies of the Old Tcllament relating to tlie Meffiah, 

 which the Jew promifed ; but not having interefl iufficient 

 to obtain it, fome have fuppofed that through fhame or 

 vexation, or from fome other motive, he poifoned Ainfworth. 

 This event happened about theyear 1629. Mr. Ainfworth's 

 diiUnguiflied talents and biblical learning were univerfally 

 acknowledged. To thefe Bidiop Hall paid a tribute of 

 refpeft, even whilft he was writ'ng againll the party to 

 wiuch he belonged ; and his annotations on the fcripturcs, 

 though lefs regarded in England than they deferved, were 

 much fought after and commended by perfons of various 

 leifls in other countries. Thefe " Annotations" appeared at 

 different times ; but in 1627 they were printed in one volume 

 in folio, and another edition appeared in 1639, which is 

 now become very fcarce. To this work,, it is faid, the 

 learned Lightfoot was much indebted. Of the other pieces 

 of Ainfworth, we fliall only mention his " Arrow againft; 

 Idolatr)'." Neal's Hill, of the Puritans, vol. i. p. 3S6. 437. 

 4to. Biog. Brit. 



AiNS WORTH, Robert, a learned grammarian, was born at 

 Woodyale, nea- Manchefter, in Lancadiire, in theyear 1660, 

 and was educated at Bolton, in the fame county, where he 

 afterwards kept a fchool. From Bolton he removed to 

 Bethnal Green, near London, and he there continued the 

 profeflion of fchool-mafter. At this period he publilhedhis 

 " Short Treatile of Grammatical Inllitution." After pur- 

 fuing in different places the labour of tuition till he had 

 acquired a decent competency, he retired from bufinefs ; 

 and am.uled himfelf by fearching the {hops of brokers for 

 old coins and other valuable curioiities, which he purchafed 

 at a fmall expence. He died at London in 1743, and was 

 buried at Poplar. The following monumental infcription was 

 written by himfelf: 



" Rob. Ainfworth et uxor e]us, admodum fenes, 

 Dormituri, veftem detritam hie exuerunt, 

 Novam, primo mane furgentes, induturi. 

 Dum fas, m.ortalis, fapias, et refpice finem, 

 Hoc fuadent manes, hoc canit Amramides." 



Thus imitated — " Here Robert Ainfworth and his wife 

 Put off the worn-out veil of life; 

 Hoping the morn will foon appear. 

 When they a brighter robe fhall wear. 

 To thy refleftion, mortal friend, 

 Th' advice of Mofes I commend, 

 Be wife, and meditate thv end." 



A I R 



To Ainfwortli's judgment, induflry, and perfcverance 

 in compiling a diilionary for the ufe of fchools, great com- 

 mendation is due. 'I'his v.feful work was undertaken by 

 him in 1714; and after many interrnj.'tions and delays was 

 completed in 1736, and dedicated to i)r. Mead. It has been 

 fmce improved by Patrick, Ward, Young, and other learned 

 men; and in 1773 there appeared a new edition, farther 

 enlarged and improved by Morell. We have an ufeful 

 abridgment of this dictionary by Mr. Thomas, in two large 

 8vo. volumes. Patrick's Prcf. to the fecond edition of Ainl« 

 worth's Thcfaurus, Biog. Brit. 



AIN-ZAMIEL, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the 

 province of Tremecen and kingdom of Fez. 



AIOMAMA, or Aiomano, a town of European Tur- 

 key, on a gulf of the fame name, in the province of Ro- 

 melia ; 14 leagues fouth-eaft of Saloniki. Cape Paillaios 

 is the fouth-eafl limit of the gulf, and Cape Di'apano its 

 north-eall extremity. The fouth point is about E. long. 

 24" ..jo', and N. lat. 39° 50'. 



AJOVEA, in Botany, a genus of the hexandna mono- 

 gvma clafs and order ; the charaftcrs of which are, that the 

 calyx is fingle-leaved and tridentatcd, the corolla has three 

 petals, the lilaments ate terminated with two glandules, the 

 anthers are doubly excavated, the ftigma is divided in fix 

 fegments, and the fruit is a roundilh, fmgle-celled, nionof- 

 pcrmous bcny. There is one fpecles,' tjia. A. guiuuaifis ; 

 which grows in the forells of Guiana. 



AIOTOCHTLI, in Zoology ; the Mexican name of the 

 Armadillo. 



AIPIMIXIRA, in Ichthyology, the name of an Ame- 

 rican iifli, more ufually known by the name of pudiano. 

 It is a fmall fifh, of the fhape of the perch, with a purple 

 back, and yellow fides and belly. Marcgrave. 



AIR, in Ph\ftcs, a thin, fluid, claftic, tranfparent, pon- 

 derous, compreffible, and dilatable body ; fuiTounding the 

 terraqueous globe to a confiderable height. 



Air was confidered by fome of the ancients as an element ; 

 but then, by element, they underilood a different thing from 

 what we do. See Elements. 



It is certain, that air, taken in the popular fenfe, is far 

 from the fimplicity of an elementary fubftance ; though fome 

 of its properties and ufes in a ftate of combination with 

 various fubftances, from which it has been extricated by 

 modem analyfis, may entitle it to this appellation. Hence 

 air may be diftinguiflied into ^ro^^cr or eL-nuiitary, and -vulvar 

 or heterogeneous. 



Air, elementary, or Air properly fo called, is a fubtile, 

 homogeneous, elaftic fluid : the bafis, or fundamental in- 

 gredient of the atmofpherical air, and that which gives it 

 the denomination. 



In this fenfe, it likewife enters into the compofition of 

 moll, or perhaps all bodies, exifting in them under a folid 

 form, deprived of its elafticity jnd mofl of its diflinguifning 

 properties, and ferving as their cement, and the univerfal 

 bond of nature ; but capable, by certain procefTes, of being 

 difengaged from them, recovering its elafticity, and refem- 

 lihng the air of our atmofphere. See Hales's Vegetable 

 Statics, chap. vi. 



The peculiar nature of this aerial matter we know but 

 little of ; what authors have advanced concerning it being 

 chiefly conjeftural. We have no way of altogether fep.a- 

 rating it from the other matters with which in its pureft ftate 

 it is more or lefs combined, and confequently no way of 

 afcertaining, with fatisfadlory evidence, its pecidiar pro- 

 perties, abllraftedly from thofe of other bodies. 



Dr. Hook, and fome others, maintain, that it is the 

 7 fame 



