A I R 



flofcules feflile, dorfal awn gcniculated ; a native of fandy 

 paftures, and heaths of England, fiance, Switzerland, 

 Piedmont, Gennany, and Denmark ; annual, floweiing in 

 July. 1 8. A. antarHlca, fouth-fea hair-grafs, with leaves 

 flat, p-(nicle compound, fpreading, calyces three-flowered, 

 flofcules awncd hi the middle, awn elongated ibaightilli ; 

 a native of New Zealand. 19. A. involiicrntn, with pani- 

 cle fpreading, involucred with bridles at the bafe ; flofcules 

 awiilefs ; a native of Spain, on barren hills near Madrid ; 

 annual, and flowering in June and July. To thefe Gmeliu 

 adds, 20. A. pnliidojii, with flat leaves, patent panicle, flof- 

 cules hairy at the bafe, and the awn (hoit and bent inwards. 

 2 1. A. fijliicohles, with filiform leaves, erecl panicle, leaves 

 coloured, and awned beyond the middle. 22. A. juncen, 

 with leaves fubulatc, panicle patent, very obtufc, awn from 

 the bafe of the length of the calyx. 23. A.Jiiwri/is, with 

 fetaceous leaves, ereft panicle, and villous flofcules. 24. 

 A. media, with fetaceous leaves, narrow panicle, flofcules 

 haiiyatthe bafe, awn fubteriiiinal, fliorter. 25. A, purpurea, 

 with leaves fubulate-fctaccons, panicle fcattered, one valve 

 of the corolla entire, plumofe, and culm ereft. For the 

 propagation and culture of Aira ; See Grass. Gmelin's 

 Linnxus. Martyn's Miller. Withering's Botanical Arraiig. 

 vol. ii. p. 135, &c. 



AiRA. See Mf.lica, PoA, Cynosurvs, and Holcus. 



AiRA Capenfis. SccEbharta. 



A I R A Itidirii. SccPanicum. 



AiRA p'^aria. Sec CvNt s jrus. 



AIRANI, in Church Hijlnry, a fcA of Avians, in the 

 fourth centuiy, who der.ied the cunfuWlaiUiality of the 

 Holy Gholl with the Father and the Son. 



They are otherwife called yliraii'ifttv, and are faid to have 

 taken tiieir name from one Airas, who diftinguifhed hiinfelf 

 at the head of this party, in the reigns of Valentinian and 

 Gratian. 



AIRANO, in Geography, a town of Italy in the Mi- 

 lanefe, 10 leagues fouth-eaft of Como. 



AIRAULT, Peter, in Laiin JErocl'ius, in Biogrnphy, 

 Jientenant-criminal in the prefidial of Angiers, was born 

 there in the year 1536, and executed the oftice in a manner 

 that obtained for him the title of the " Rock of the Ac- 

 cufed." He died in 1601, and left feveral trcatifes. His 

 eldeft fon was educated by the Jefuits, and retained in their 

 fociety, notwithftanding all the remonilranees and efforts of 

 his father. Ciog. DicT;. 



AIRAY, Hknrv, an Englifh divine, was born in Wcfl- 

 moreland, educated under the care of Bernard Gilpin, and 

 ient to St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, in 1579, at the age of 

 i.ineteen years. He was aftenvards removed to Qiieen's 

 college, where lie was fucceffively fervitor, fellow, and maf- 

 ter. In 1598, he was chofen provoit, and in 1606, vice- 

 chancellor of the univerfity. He was a conftant and zeal- 

 ous preacher, and a zealous calvinift. He was much ef- 

 ttemed for his learning, gravity, and pitt)', and for his 

 induflir^'- in difcharging the duties of his office ; and died in 

 1616. 'J'he following treatifes, written by him, were pub- 

 Ufhed after his death, viz, *' Lectures on the Epiftle to the 

 Philippians, 410. 1618." "A Tieatife againft Bowing at 

 the Name of Jefus." And, " A juft and ntceffary Apo- 

 logy refpecting a Suit at Law." Biog. Brit. 



AIRE, in Geography, a town of Fiance, in the department 

 cf Landes, fomierly Gafcony, and in the diltrift of St. Sever, 

 fituate on the Adour, 15 j leagues from Paris, and 5 leagues 

 fouth-eaft of Mont-dc-Marfan. It is a very ancient town, 

 and the fee of the fuffragan bifliop of Auch, containing 

 241 parifhes. Its ancient name was Vicus-Juln, having 

 faten taken by the Romans, under the command of Julius 



A I R 



Csfar. The Vifigoths aftenvards took pofTeflion of it ; 

 and Alaric, one of their kings, adorned it and foitillcd it 

 with a calUe. It has often fince changed mailers, and 

 fufTcrcd much during the religious wars in Trance. N. lat. 

 43° 3J'- E. long. 5- 26'. 



Aire, a town of France, in the department of Pas-de- 

 Calais, formerly Artois ; fituale on the Lys, fortified by a 

 caftle, and communicating with St. Omci by a canal; and 

 alfo with the fort St. Francois. It was taken by the allies 

 in 1710, and reflored to France by the peace of Utrecht. 

 It is 9 leagues from St. Omer, 9 from Dunkirk, and 51 

 north of Paris. N. lat. ;o"^ 30'. E. long. 2° 17'. 



Aire, a river of England, iffuing into the Humber, and 

 navigable to Leeds in Yorkfhire. 



AIRING, in the general fenfe of taking, or going into 

 the frelh air, is too well known to need any explanation. 

 See Aerophobia. 



The word is particularly ufed for exercifing horfes in the 

 open air, which is of the greatell advantage to thefe animals. 

 Many of the difeafes to which horfes are liable, are brought 

 on bv negletting to exercifc them. 



Airing a horfe, fliould be diilinguiflied from that fpecies 

 of exercifc uied in training horfes tor racing, as this is con- 

 duced at regular periods, and has in view not only the 

 general health, but particularly the acquirement of wind 

 and fpeed. Airing a horfe, in a general way, may be done 

 at any part of the day, but when the heat of the lun is too 

 intcnle, as by this means he perfpires too much, and is ren- 

 dered irritable from the ftings and bites of infects. It is 

 better to give a horfe a moderate airing twice a day, than a 

 longer one at one time. It fliould be avoided immediately 

 after a full meal ; at thofe times the cheit has not room to 

 expand, therefore the wind is endangered ; the food is hkc- 

 wife hurried, by the pred'uie of the abdominal mufcles, too 

 foon through the flomach to be digefted, and too foon 

 through the inteftines, to be properly abforbed by tiic 

 lafteals. In an airing tlie horfe fhould lirft be walked, then 

 trotted, and laftly moderately galloped ; it is ufually prac- 

 tifcd in a fnafBe bridle, the propriety of which depends on the 

 horfe's mouth, and the hand of the rider ; if the groom is 

 not perfeftly acquainted with the art of riding with a fine 

 hand, which few of them are, a large bitted fnaiBe fliould 

 be ufed. An airing fliould be continued long enough to 

 give a horfe an appetite, but not fo long as to weaken his 

 itomach. When horfes are very fat it (hould be continued 

 longer, that the abforbents may be Simulated to take up 

 more of the adejis of the body. In foul, grofs, greafy horfes, 

 the airings fliould be gentle, but continued for fome time ; 

 in farcy this {hould be particularly obferved. And in all 

 diftafts where there appears a defect in the abforbents, the 

 exercife flionld be gentle, continued long, and frequently 

 repeated. The numerous cautions made ufe of to air fueli 

 particular horfes, at particular times, have their foundation 

 in whims and caprice : reafon and fcience point out, that 

 anv time between the meals, when the fun is not in its full 

 lullre, is proper for airing them. See Exercise. 



AI ROLA, in Geography, a town of the canton of Uri, 

 in Switzerland, fix leagues north of AltonT. 



A I RON, a river of France which runs i.ito the Loire 

 near Decife. 



AIRS, in Horfemanjhip, denote the artificial or praftifed 

 motions of a managed horfe. 



Such are the demi-volt, curvet, capriole, crnupade, balo- 

 tade,ftep, and leap ; alfo, advancing, yerking, ?.iid bounding. 



Some authors take airs in a more extenfivt fenfe ; and di- 

 vide them into low and high. 



The low air? include the natural paces, as walking, trot- 

 7 ting, 



