A I S 



ting, galloping, and terra-a-terra. To which may be add- 

 ed, praiicin^'T, fidliTiff, ftoppinjr, and turning. 



The hij;h, or railed airs, are nil fuch motions as rife 



higher than tlie terra-a-terra ; as the demi-vult, curvet, SiC. 



AIRVjVUI-T, in Cco^nipl.'\<, a town of France, in the 



departnieni of the two Sevres, in the dillritt of Thouars, 



four leagues north-noi-th-eall of Partcriay. 



AIRV^ tr'iplicily, among /IJlrohgers, the figns of Ge- 

 mini, Libra, and Aquarius. See Triplicity. 



AISA, in Geography, a town of Spain, in the kingdom 

 of Arragon, two leagues and an half north of Jaca. 



AISCH, a river of Germany, in Franconia, which rifes 

 near Iflelhcim, and difcharges itfelf into the Regnitz, be- 

 tween Bamberg and Forcheim. 



AISE, a river of France, which runs into the Orne, 

 three leagues above Caen. 



AISEAU, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weft- 

 phalia, three miles call-fouth-eall of Chalklct. 



AJSEDABAD, a town of Peri'ia, in the province of 

 Irak Agenii, 22 leagues north-north-eall of Aniadan. 



AISEREY, a to\Yn of France, in the department of 

 the Cote d'Or, in the difti-icht of St. Jean dc Lofne, three 

 leagues fouth-fouth-eaft of Dijon. 



AISEV-LE-DUC, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Cote d'Or, in the dillrift of Chatillon, 2t 

 leagues fouth of Chatillon. 



AISIAMENTA, in Laiv. See Easement. 

 AISNE, in Geography, a river of France, which rifcs in 

 Champagne, runs by Soiflbns, and falls into the Oife above 

 Compicgne. It gives name to a department \>.hich is one of 

 the fix formed of the ci-iLvmit Soiffonnois, le Beauvoills, 

 and le Vexin Francois ; and it is one of the five into which 

 the ancient Ifle de France is divided. It is bounded on the 

 north by the department of the North ; on the eall, by that 

 of the Ardennes, and part of that of Marne ; on the fouth, 

 by part of Marne, and the department of Seine and Marne ; 

 and on the well, by the departments of the Oife and Somme. 

 The extent is about 1,467,881 fquare acres, or 749,183 hec- 

 tares ; its population about 408,172 individuals; and it is 

 divided into five communal diibifts. Its chief town is 

 Laon. 



AISTULPH, or AsTULPHUS, in Biogniphy and Hif- 

 forv, king of the I^ombards, was cliofen to fucceed his 

 brother Rachis, who rcfigned the crown, A. D. 751 ; and 

 by his gallantry in the field and wifdom in council advanced 

 the kingdom to a pitch of grandeur, which occafioned its 

 total ruin. Having ratified a peace with pope Stephen, and 

 extended the term of it for 40 years, he feized the oppor- 

 tunity, which was aflbrded him by a war with the Saracens 

 and Bulgarians, that engaged the attention of the eallern 

 emperor Conilantine Copronymus, to invade the exarchate 

 of Ravenna, which he fubdued, with all its dependencies, 

 and added to the kingdom of the Lombards. Thus ter- 

 minated the exarchate, vi-hich was reduced by the Lombards 

 to a dukedom. Ailhilphus proceeded to invade the Roman 

 dukedom, and marching towards Rome, threatened to 

 plunder the city and maffacre the inhabitants, unlefs they 

 acknowledged his fovereignty and paid him a yearly tribute. 

 Pope Stephen was alarmed, and applied to the emperor for 

 fuccour ; but deriving no effeftual afliilance from the em- 

 peror, he recurred to Pepin, king of France, who marched 

 an army into Italy, and after routing Ailhilphus and his 

 army inverted Pavia, where he had taken refuge. The 

 Lombard king was glad to pnrchafe peace by reltoring all 

 the places he had taken, and even the exarchate, which was 

 furrendered by Pepin to the fee of Rome. But as foon as 

 Pepin had departed, the Lombftid king, in violation of his 



A I T 



engagements, and regardlefs of Iiis hoftagcs, approached 

 Rome with his army a;ul elofely beficgcd it. Stephen re- 

 newed his application to liis proteiitor, and by the fuppliant 

 llylc of tiie letters which he addreifed to him engaged him 

 again to have recourfe to arms. Aiilulphus threw himfclf 

 a iceond time into Pavia, whitiier he was purfmd by Pepin, 

 who clofclv invelled the citv. Tlie fiege was prilled with 

 vigour, and Ailhilphus reduced to fuch diftrefs, that he was 

 under a nccefTity of fuing again for peace, wiiieh he ob- 

 tained upon a promife to perform immediately the treaty that 

 had been made the year before, and as an additioiuJ fecurity 

 to deliver up to the pope the city of Commachio, which 

 was a place of great importance. Upon this Pepin renewed 

 his donation to the pope ; yielding to St. Peter and his fiic- 

 cclTors the exarchate, jEmiha now Romagna, and Penta- 

 polis now Marca d'Ancona, with all tiieir cities, to be held 

 by him for ever. See Exarchate. Aillulphus, lamenting 

 the hum.bled ftatc to which he was reduced, began again to 

 prepare for recovering by force what he had been obliged to 

 refign ; but in the midil of his hodile preparations, lie was 

 killed whilll he was hunting, A. D. 756, and left no mule 

 iffue. The code of laws which he piiblilhcd in the 5th year 

 of his reign is Hill extant. Anc. Un. Hilt. vol. xvii. p. 4S2, 

 &c. Aiilulphus and his queen arc made the fubjeCt of a 

 curious tale, of the free kind, to be fownd in La I'ontaine 

 and other Novellifts. Gen. ISidg. 



AITHALIA, in Geography. See jEthalia andELHA. 

 AITOCZU, a confidcnible river of Leffcr Afia, which 

 rifes in Mount Taurus, and falls into the fouth part of the 

 Euxinc fca. 



AITON, William, \x\ Diogrjpl.y, an eminent botanifl 

 and gardener, was born in 1731 at a fmall village near Ha- 

 milton, in Lanaikfliire, in Scotland. Having been trained 

 betimes in the feience and prattice of horticulture, he came 

 into England in 1754, and was engaged as an afhilant by 

 Mr. Philip Miller, well known as the author of the Gar- 

 dener's Dictionary, who was then fuperintcndent of the 

 phyfic-garden at Chelfea. In this fituation he foon attrafted 

 notice, and in 1759 he was recommended to the Princefs 

 Dowager of Wales, as a fit perfon to manage the botanical 

 garden at Kew. In this office to wlileh lie was then ap- 

 pointed he continued during life ; and here he laid the foun- 

 dation both of his fame and fortune. As the garden at 

 Kew was dclhned to be the repolitoi-y of all the curious 

 plants, that could be colleftcd from the various quarters of 

 the globe, Mr. Aiton had the moll favourable opportunity 

 for indulging his tafte, and employing liis care and Ikill in 

 their cultivation ; and in fo doing he acquired dillinguillied re- 

 putation amongll the lovers of this feience, and the ])artieular 

 etteem of his royal patrons. Under his fiipcrinteiidenee Kew 

 gardens became the principal fccne of botanical culture in 

 the kingdom. In 1783 Mr. Aiton was promoted to the 

 more lucrative oflice of managing the picalure and kitchen 

 gardens at Kew, which he was allowed to retain in con- 

 nexion with the botanical department which he had before 

 occupied. In 1789 he publilhcd his " Hortus Kcwenfis, 

 or Catalogue of the Plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic 

 garden at Kew," in three vols. 8vo. with 1 3 plates ; a 

 work, which had been the labour of many years, and whicii 

 iuftly entitles him to ref])edlful commemoi-ation among the 

 promoters of feience. The number ot fpecies, contained 

 in this Catalogue, is between 5 and 6000. A new and cnrioua 

 article in it relates to the firft introduftion of particular 

 exotics into the Englilli gardens. The fyftem of arrange- 

 ment is that of I^innxus, with fuch improvements as the 

 advanced ilatc of botanical feience required. To Sir Jofeph 

 Banks, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Dryandcr, Mr. Aiton re- 



fpcdfully 



