A .1 U 



fpcclfully acknowledges his oblit^ations for alTiftance in fcm- 

 piliiig tliis cclcbi-ntcd work. The "Ilonus Kcwciifis" was 

 much valued bv ihc bell judges, and a large inipreflion of it 

 found a riipid fale. Notwilhllanding the temperance and 

 acHvitv of Mr. Aiton, he laboured under the incurable 

 nialadv of a fcirrhous liver, wliicli occalioneJ his death in 

 \~t)7i, in his 62d year. Iliseldcil fon, devoted to the lame 

 purluits, and dillinguiflicd by his talents, was appointed, by 

 the kincr's own uomination, to all his father's employment.^. 

 "^I'hc private character of Air. Aiton was highly ciHmablc 

 for mildncfs, benevolence, piety, and eveiy domeilic and 

 focial virtue. He was inteired in the church-yard ol Ke\v, 

 amidit a mod rcfpeclable cor.conrfc of friends. Gen. 

 Hiog. 



ArrOKA, in Geography, a fiuall town of Spain in Cata- 

 loira, the capital of a niariiuifate. 



Al'l'ONIA, in Bolany, fo called from Mr. \V. Aiton, 

 his Majefty's 'ate gardener at Kcw, a genus of the mona- 

 tlelphia nclaiulr'ia clais and order, and of tlie natural order of 

 culumii'ij\i;e. Its charatlers are, that the calyx is a one-leafed, 

 ereft, four-parted, fliort perianthium, divided into four 

 ovate, Iharp fegments ; the corolla has four erect, equal, 

 broadly-ovate, concave, very obtufc petals ; the llamina 

 iiave filaments, joined as far as the middle, divided above 

 into eight, awl-lliapedj furrowed. Handing out of the co- 

 rolla, and having ovate, furrowed anthers ; the pillilhun has 

 a germ luperior, ovate, fniooth, fnbangular, Ityle one, fili- 

 form, of the fame length with the llamina, Itigma obtufe, 

 undivided ; the pericarpium is an ovate dry, membranaceous, 

 four-cornered, one-celled, brittle berry, the corners are pro- 

 duced and lliarp ; the feeds many, fixed to a column, glo- 

 bular and fmooth. It varies with five-cleft, ten-£lamcncd 

 flowers. There is one fpecies, 111%. A. capenju, found at 

 the Cape by Thunberg, and introduced here in 1774 by Mr. 

 F. Maifon. It has a Ihinbby ihdk, lix feet high, and a fruit 

 refembling that of the winter-cherry. With us it is of flow 

 growth and feldom exceeds three feet in height. At a fuf- 

 iflcient age it produced flowers and fruit through the greatcll 

 part of the year. It is I'aifed only from feeds, and mull be 

 kept in the green-houfe or cape-ftove. Martyn. 



AITTERBACH, in Geography, a river of Aullria, 

 which runs into the Traun, near Wels. 



AITZEMA, Leo, in B'wgmphy, an eminent hiilorian 

 and diplomatill, was born at Doccum, in Friezland, in the 

 year 1600. He was counfellor of the Hans Towns, and 

 their refident at the Hague for 40 years ; where he died in 

 1669, with the reputation of an excellent linguiil, an able 

 politician, and amiable manners. His " Hiilory of the 

 United Provinces," written in Dutch, contains a large col- 

 lection of treaties of peace, memoirs of ambafladors, letters, 

 capitulations and other public acls, which is very valuable. 

 The hiftory is more faithful than elegant, and as far as it 

 concerns religion, it is written with impartiaUty. The work 

 was publifhed in ly volumes 410. and was fucceeded by 

 another edition of fevcn volumes in folio. The period whicli 

 the hifloiy comprehends begins with the year 162 1 and ter- 

 minates with i663, and it has been continued to 1692. 

 Gen. Dia. 



AJUBATIPITA Brasiliensium, in Botany, the name 

 of a (hrub that bears a black fruit like an almond, which 

 yields much oij. 



AJUGA, Bugula of Juflieu, Tournefort and Miller, 

 hugh, a genus of the d'ulyiiainia gymnojpermia clafs and order, 

 and of the natural order of verhctUats or labiats. Its cha- 

 raftcis are, that the calyx is a one-leafed, ftiort perianthium, 

 cut half-way into five clefts, with the fegments nearly etjual ; 



A J U 



the corolla is monopetalous and ringent ; tube cylindric and 

 bent in, the upper lip, very fmall, ereft, bifid, obtufc, lower 

 large, fpreadiug, trifid, obtufe, middle divilion very large 

 and obcordate, fide ones fmall ; the llamina have fubulate, 

 Cleft filaments, longer than the upper lip, anthers twin ; 

 the piilillum has a four-parted germ, ilyle filiform, and with 

 refpecl to iitnatioii and length as in the llamina, iligmas 

 two, fleiuler, the loweil fliorter ; no pericarpiLirn, the calyx, 

 which is converging, fofters the feeds, which are fomewliat 

 oblong. There arc fix fpecies, vit. i. A. oriaitalis, eafttrn 

 bugle, with flowers inverted ; firll brought into Europe 

 from the Eevant by Tournefort, fince oblerved bv Thun- 

 berg in japan, and by Loureiro in Cochinchina ; cultivated 

 in 1732. Of this there are two or three varieties, diflering 

 only in the colours of their flowers. 2. A. pyraiiiulal'u, 

 pyramidal bugle, of which the fpike is a quadrangular vil- 

 lous pyramid, the leaves approximating, the root-leaves very 

 large, the braifteoe nearly entire ; biennial, flowering iu 

 April, or with us later ; a native of Italy, France, Germany, 

 Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Wales, and Scotland. ],. 

 A. alp'ma, alpine or mountain bugle, with Hem fimple, 

 leaves fmooth, unequally dentated, fubuniform, the remoter 

 verticilli bearing many flowers ; growing naturally on the 

 Alps, and in mountainous places in Carnarvonfliire. Dur- 

 ham, and on the lummit of a mountain near Cailleton, 

 Derbyihire ; admitted into gardens for variety, and propa- 

 gated by its trailing flalks ; requiring a moiil fliady fitua- 

 tion ; perennial, and flowering in July. This is the A. py- 

 ranutlal'u of Hudfon, and the A., geneveiifis oi Withering. 

 4. A. gcitevenjis, Geneva bugle, with leaves downy, ftreaked 

 with lines, lowermoil narrower, calyces fliaggy, braftex or 

 floral leaves generally three-lobed ; growing wild about 

 Geneva, and in many of the fouthern countries of Europe ; 

 cultivated in 1759, by Miller. 5. A. reptans, common bugle, 

 fmooth, with lolitary item, and creeping by runners ; pe- 

 rennial, flowering in May ; growing in moift meadows, paf- 

 tures, and woods in mofl; parts of England ; becoming fome- 

 what hairy in high and dry iituations, with a rounder Hem 

 and fhorter creepers. Prof. Martyn mentions two varieties, 

 one with a white and the other with a pale purple flower, 

 which grow in feveral parts of Wefl;moreland ; but they 

 difler only in the colour of their flowers from the blue fort. 

 The common bugle, called by officinal writers, confollda me- 

 dia, or middle confound, is recommended as a vulnerary 

 herb, both internally and cxte nally. For this purpofe, in. 

 fufions of the leaves, or the exprefled juice, have been ad- 

 minillered ; and alio as mild allringents and corroborants in 

 fluxes and other dilorders. Decoctions of them have been 

 commended by Riverius and others in phthifes and internal 

 ulcerations. Malouin recommends a gargarifm of the root 

 in the angina. The roots appear to be conliderably aftnn._ 

 gent, both by their talle and by their ftriking a black co- 

 lour with folution of chalybeate vitriol. Lewis Mat. Med. 

 Murray Mat. Med. vol. ii. p. 154. 6. A. decuinbcvs, Japo- 

 nele bugle, decumbent and villous ; leaves obovate and 

 toothed ; with flowers in v.-hirls, fmall and blue ; claffed by 

 Loureiro as a variety of A, reptans. 



To this genus Dr. Smith adds (Flor. Brit, vol.ii. p. 605.) 

 the TEUCRIUM chamiipitys of Linnaeus, the ground pine of 

 Englifli writers. Accordingly the A. chamrrpitys is de. 

 fcribed as having a fpreading raraofe Hem, trifid linear en- 

 tire leaves, and folitary axillai-y flowers. It grows in fandy 

 fallovv fields in Cambridgefliire and Kent ; is annual, and 

 flowers in April and May. The leaves of ground pine are 

 moderately bitter, and of a rcfinous fmell, approaching in 

 this refpert, as well as in their external form, to thofe of 

 i the 



