A I X 



dircflly proportional to tlie aica cf tlic njatagci or to t!ie 

 fquaitf ot" its diameter, or of niiy fide or other linear di- 

 nieiilion : thus, an aiiitage of a double- diameter or fide 

 will difcharffc four times the quantity of water, of a triple 

 diameter, uuic times the ipiaiitity 5;e. ; fnppofmg that they 

 are at an equal depth below the fiiiface or licad <>1 water. 

 But if the ajutages be at ditfeant depths, the celerity with 

 wiiieh the water flows, and coiifequently the quantity it- 

 fuing in any jjiven time, is directly proponional to tlie Iquare 

 root of the altitude of tlie head, or the deptli of the liolc, 

 fo thai at four timrs the depth, tlie celerity, and of conrfc 

 quantity, are double ; at nine limes, triple, &e. It has 

 been fi>und by experiment, that the jet is higher or lower 

 according to the fize of the ajutage ; that a circidar hole of 

 about an inch and a quarter in diameter jets highcft ; and 

 that it is worfe as it recedes from that fize. Experience 

 alfo lliews, that the pipe leading to the ajutage fliould be 

 muth larger than the ajutage itfelf ; and if the pipe be 

 long, it Ihoidd be wider acconJing to its dilhmce trom the 

 ajutage. Encyclopedic Phyfique, torn. i. p. 152. Mutton's 



i)ia. 



Eor the vai-ious forts of ajutages, their ftruftnre, applica- 

 tion, &c. fee Fountain. See alio Fluid and Jet 

 o'Eau. 



AIX, in Geograplf, a city of France, the capital of tlic 

 department of the Bouches du Rhone, formerly Provence, 

 ar.d one of the molt pleafant and bell-built cities in ihe 

 kingdom. It is fituated north of the river Arc, between 

 hills planted with olives and vines. It is faid to have been 

 fcumded by C. Sextius Calvinius, a Roman conful, who ef- 

 tablilhed a Roman colony in it A. U. C. 630, about 124 

 years befm-e Chrift, and called it y/y«« Sext'ia from his own 

 Fame, and the warm baths which he found there. It is 

 ratlier populous than large ; its houfes are well built, and 

 its llreets are ftraight and well paved ; and within the city 

 there is a fpacious walk called Orbitelle, which coniiils of 

 three rows of trees interfperfed with fountains, and iur- 

 roiuided by many handfome and fpacious buildings. The 

 picacher's Iqnare, as it is called, is feated on the iide of a 

 hiU, about 160 yards long, encompafTed with trees and lofty 

 houfes built with ftone. Of the public buildings fome of 

 the principiJ are the town-hall, the hall of audience, the 

 hotel of the city, the cathedral churcli, which is a fine 

 gothic llrufture, the church of the fathers of the oratory, 

 the chapel of the blue penitents, and the convent of the 

 areaehers, in whofe church is a fdvev ftatue of the Virgin 

 Mary, almoft as big as hfe. There are alio other churches 

 and buildings, which contain many paintings and other 

 rarities. Adjoining to tlie baths, which were re-difcovercd 

 in 1 704, there are many edifices that have been niifed at a 

 great expence for the accommodation of thofe who ufe the 

 vaters. Thefe waters were formerly fuppofed to poflefs 

 peculiar virtues in cafes of debility ; as feveral altars confe- 

 crattd to Priapus, and bearing infcriptlons exprelTive of 

 gratitude for his affiftance, have been dug up in their vicinity. 

 Aix was an archbilhopric with five fulTragans, and 84 pa-, 

 rilhes ; and it was the place of refort of the nobility of 

 Provence and of hteraiy men. The neighbourhood affords 

 excellent wines ; but its chief article of trade is oil. Some 

 fluffs are alfo manufaclured here. It is diilant five leagues 

 north from Marfeilles, and 163 fouth-eaft of Paris. N. lat, 

 43° 3>' 35"- E-long. 5° 26' 15". 



Aix, a town of France, in the department of the Upper 

 Vienne, in the diilriCt of Limoges ; two leagues welt-fouth- 

 we(l of Limoges. 



Aix, Aqiid: Gratianit, or Stikiui/ica, ylHolroguni, a fmall 

 town of Savoy, fituate near the lake of Boiuget, between 



I 



AIX 



Chambery, Anneey and Rumilly, with tlie title of a Mar. 

 qniiate. The hot baths, which were originally conftriiCled 

 bv the emperor (Iratian, are free of acceis without expence, 

 and are much fncpiented. In this place are feen the ruins 

 of a Roman tiiuinphal arch. N. lat. 45^ 40'. E. long. 5'* 

 48'. 



Aix, a fmall Kland on the wefl coatl of France, between 

 the ille of Oleron and the Continent ; about i 2 miles north- 

 well of Rochfort, and as far fouth-fouth-well of Roehello. 

 Its tort was dellroyed by the Eiiglllli in 1757, and again ia 

 1761, hut afterwards rebuilt. N. lat. 46" 5'. E.long. l" 8'. 



Aix en Qihe, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Aube, in the dillrift of Ervy ; five leagues well of 

 Troyes. 



Aix (V AnguV.lon, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Cher, in the dillritl of Bourges ; three leagues nonh- 

 ead of Bourges. 



AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, a free Imperial city of 

 Germany, in the circle of Weitplialia and duchy of 

 Juliers, and the capital of the department of Roor, 

 This is a verv ancient city ; and appears from the teili- 

 monies of C-.efar and Tacitus, to have been occupied and 

 fortified by Roman colonics in their wars with the Germans. 

 It was called in I-,atin Aquis-Granum, or the waters of 

 Granus, Aqus, and Urbs Aquenfis, in Gemian, the city of 

 Aachen or Achen, and alfo Aach ; and derived its name 

 from its warm baths, which have been long held in high 

 eillmation. By the French it is denominated Ais!-la-Chapclle, 

 by way of diitinftlon from other places called Aix, on account 

 of a chapel of the Holy Virgin built by Charlemagne, who 

 repaired and beautified the city, which had been dellroyed 

 by the Huns in the rtign of Attila in 451, and who made 

 it the place of his ufual refidence. The king of the Romans 

 or emperor, was genendly crowned in this city, as the place 

 appointed by the golden bull for this purpofe ; and on this 

 account called the Royal citv ; and it is the depolitaiy of 

 the fword of Charlemagne, the belt, a book of the gofpcls, 

 and other jewels of the empire, that are ufed in the ceremony 

 ot coronation. Charles V. was crowned here in 1520, and 

 Ferdinand his brother was crowned king of the Romans in 

 tliis place in 1531. Charlemagne died and was buried in 

 this city, to which he had always manifelled a peculiar at- 

 tachment, and on which he conferred many fignal privileges. 

 On the Rhcnilh bench, in the college of the cities of the 

 empire, and among the Imperial cities which have a feat and 

 voice at the Diets of the circle of Wcilphalia, Aix-la- 

 Cliapellc poflcfies the iecond place ; and it lays claim to the 

 firll on the Rhcnilh bench. The town is fituated in a valley, 

 and though furrounded with mountains and woods is not 

 unwholefome. It coniiils in reality of two cities, cnclofcd 

 one within the other. The inner city, which is the molt 

 ancient, is flanked with ten towers, and is about three quar- 

 ters of a league in circumference ; the outer, founded about 

 the year 11 72, has eight gates, and the circuit of it is about 

 two leagues. There are feveral rivulets which run through 

 the city, and 20 public fountains, befides feveral private 

 ones. The principal buildings, which are conllrudled of 

 ftone from quarries in the vicinity of the town, are the ftadt- 

 houfe and the cathedral. The (ladt-houfe is adorned with 

 the ftatues of all the emperors fince Charlemagne ; and in 

 the front of it there is a fountain, on the top of which is. 

 placed the ftatue of this emperor, made of brals gilt,. 

 holding in his right hand a fceptre, and in his left a globe. 

 Tlic upper ilory of this building confills of one room, 162 

 feet long and 60 broad, in which the newly clefted emperor- 

 formerly entertained all the cleclors of the empire. The 

 governmait of diis city ia eiitrulUd with the great and little, 



fcnate ; 



