A I. A 



forked tail, tlie outer quills of the tail on both fides iin- 

 fpottcd, the reft grey at their apex, and the bill whitilh. 

 It is about fcven inches in length, and inhabits the defcrts 

 of Aftracan. This bird, when young, is wholly cinereous, 

 and the colour gradually changes Mito black. 



2 1. A. nemoroj'a, A. crijlaia minor of Ray and BrifTon, 

 /(• /;//« of BiifTon, and /^;- cir/ItJ lark of Peiuiant, Wil- 

 liighby and Latham, is charatterifed by black tail-quills, 

 the two outermoll white on their exterior edge, its head 

 crelled, and its feet red. The crell is very long in propor- 

 tion to its fizc. This bird is dUHnguifiied by its cry, In, hi, 

 III, which is difagreeable, and never uttered except it flies ; 

 it likcwife mimicks oddly the fongs of otlier birds ; it fre- 

 quents heaths, commons, and even woods, where it builds 

 its neft ; and in the rigour of winter, when the ground is 

 covered with fnow, it reforts to dunghills, and picks up its 

 food about barns, and alfo haunts the highways for the fame 

 pui-pofe. It is found in Italv, Aullria, Silcfia, and Poland, 

 and feen in flocks in the northern counties of England. It 

 remains in Germany through the winter, and leaves the coun- 

 try about the equinox. 



2 2. A. iindiilii, coqmUcxJc oi BuPTon, vmhitecJ lorh o{ \j!i.- 

 tham, has its tail-quills brown, tawny at the edge, its feet 

 yellowifh, and the feathers of its crell black, edged with 

 white. Its length is fix and three-fourth inches. This bird 

 can elevate its creft at pleafure ; it is properly the bird of 

 the morning, as it begins its fong with the earlieft dawn, 

 and feems to roufe the other birds. The male does not leave 

 ,■ his mate when flie hatches, and when the one is employed 



■ in feeking tlieir food, which confills of caterpillars, grafs- 

 ' hoppers, and fnails, the other keeps watch, to give iignal 



wiien danger threatens. It was found by M. Guys, in 

 Provence ; and Sonnerat brought a bird very like it from 

 the Cape of Good Hope, only that it had no creft, that 

 the colour of the under part of the body was more yellowiili, 

 and that none of the qnills of the tail or wings were edged 

 with white. It was perhaps a female, or a young bird of 

 the year's hatch. 



23. A. Seiiegalenfis, A. fenegalaijts crlflata of BrifTon, la 

 gr'ifettc of Buffon, and Senegal larh of Latham, has the two 

 middle quills of the tail grey, the reft brown, the outermoft 

 rufous white on the outer fide, and the head fomewhat 

 crefted. Its length is fix and a half inches. It inhabits 

 Africa, and perches on the trees, which grow on the banks 

 of the Niger ; and is alfo feen in the ifiand of Senegal. 



24. A. tejlacca, tijlaceou.! larh of Latham, has the foiu- 

 intermediate quills of the tail black, the reft teftaceous white, 

 the body above teftaceous, and below teftaceous white. It 

 inhabits the vicinity of Gibraltar. 



25. A. lujitana, Portugal larh, has the quills of the tail 

 tawny lutefcent, the exterior ochrokucous, the feet flefh- 

 coloured, and the bill red. It is found in Portugal. 



26. A. Afncana, It- firli du cap de bnnne efpsrancc QiY>\\'Sor\, 

 African larh of Latham, has the tail, the quills, and the 

 coverts of the wings brown, edged with white, the inferior 

 part of the body white, vririegatcd with oblong brown 

 ipots. Its length is eight inches. It is found at the Cape 

 of Good Hope. 



27. A. cinerca, la cendrilh of Buffon, cinereous larh of 

 Latham, is of a cinereous colour; its belly and vent white ; 

 the quills of its wings and tail brown, the outermoft exter- 

 nally white near the tip. Its length is fix inches. Buflon 

 queries whether there be any analogy between this bird and 

 the cinereous lark which Dr. Shaw law in great numbers near 

 Bilerta, in Africa ? 



28. A. ruja, lavariule of Buffon, rufuns lirl of I-atham, 

 bas Its tail-quills brovvu, the eight iuterniediatc ones rufty- 



VOL. I. I 



ALA 



coloured at the edge, and the outcrmoU white at the edgf. 

 The bill is brown ; the body bkickifh above, variegated with 

 rufous tints, and below white; the feet are yclUnvilh ; the 

 length five and one-fourth inches. Comerfon brouglit this 

 beautiful bird from Buenos Ayres, near tlie river de la Plata. 



29. A. Novit Zetlandiit, Nczu Zealand lark of Latham, has 

 white eyebrows, a black bar on each eye, its vent cinerafccnt 

 or afhy, and its feet reddifli cinereous. It is fcven and a half 

 indies long. The bill is aftiy black above ; the body black 

 above, white below, the feathers edged with afliy colour ; 

 the claws black, the hind one almoll ftraight. It is found 

 in New Zealand. 



30. A. mongolica, mongolian larl of Latham, lias the 

 crown of the head ferruginous, bound with a white annular 

 fillet, and in the middle a white fpot. It is larger than the 

 calandre, which it refembles ; it fings fweetly on the ground, 

 and inhabits the faline marlhts that lie between the rivers 

 OnoH and Argon. 



31. A. fibirica has the fecondaries white, the crown of 

 the head, ears and flioulders ferrnginoiis, and the outer tail 

 quill externally altogether white. It inhabits the fields of 

 Siberia, near the Irtis, iieftling on the ground, in its (light 

 and fong inferior to the fl<y-lark, in ftature larger, and fimilar 

 to the calandre. 



32. A. Jlava, la ceinture de prcire of Buffon, has the 

 upper part of its body red and grey, varied with bro« 11, 

 the under part whitifli, the face, throat and fides of the 

 head yellow, the tail-quills black, edged with grey, except 

 the outermoft which are white at their margin. The yellow 

 of the face, &c. is fet off by a black fpot between the 

 eye and the bill, that joins to another larger one immediatelv 

 below the eye ; and the breaft is ornamented with a broad 

 black girdle. The bill and feet are leaden-grey. Its length 

 is five and three-fourth inches. It inhabits Siberia, but is 

 rarely found. Of all the birds denominated larks, this \i 

 the nioft confpicuous for beauty of plumage. 



33. A. obfcura has the under part of the body white 

 without Ipots, and the pofterior claw ftiorter than the toe. 

 It inhabits Sardinia, and agrees with the common lark in its 

 fi/.e and nearly in its colour, but as the hind claw, though 

 longer than tiie others, is Ihorter than the toe, Gineliil 

 queries whether it belongs to the genus alauda. 



The alauda yehonenfis, or yellow lark, is black, variegated 

 with rufous and white. It is found at the lake Yelton, 

 beyond the Volga ; is gregarious, and in the month of 

 Auguft is fat and delicious. 



The A. ohfcura of Latham, or dufiy lark of Lewin, it 

 now dcfcribed under the name of the K. pctrofa, or roch larl, 

 by Mr. G. Montagu. Its fpecific characters are, that it \% 

 olive brown, yellowifh under the body, the fides of the neck 

 and breaft are fpotted with brown, and the half of the 

 outermoft tail-quill is white. Mr. M. in 1791 difeovered 

 this bird to be a native of the coafl of South Wales, in ail 

 the rocky fituations ; and it was known to the filhcnnen, 

 under the uame of the rock lark. Mr. Pennant is fuppofed 

 to have met with this bird, as in his folio edition of Brilifh 

 Zoology, he has given a variety of the tit-lark (A. pralenfu) 

 with dull<y legs, fhot on the rocks on the coall of Carnar- 

 vonfhire. This bird alTects only the rocky parts of thecoaft ; 

 and in winter it is occafionally found in the niarflies, feeking 

 its food, which is marine infects. It begins its fong early in 

 the Spring, which ver)' much refembles that of the A.^;-<7- 

 tenji.! ; as it mounts in the air like that bird, and returns again 

 to the ground, or to fome neighljouring rock, with niotion- 

 lefs wing. It breeds early in the Spring, a neft with five 

 eggs having been found on the 1 6th of April ; it wag 

 placed upon the fiielf of a rock, behind » tuft of coan'e 

 3 U grais. 



