ALB 



ALBENOUE, a fmaU town of France, in the diflriJ\ 

 oF Cahors aiid department of Lot, dillant 6; leagues from 

 Montauban, 



ALBEOLA, in OrmlMu^y, the Asas alieola of the 

 Linnxan Syftcm by Gnielin, the nueraueilula liulaviclana oi 

 Biiflbn, little black and white Juci of Edwards, the fblrit 

 of the Arftic Zoology, and tlie white and \Ai\c\i.Jhrce[le or 

 nun of Duffon, is fpccilically dillinguilhed by a white colour ; 

 black back and wing-quills, bluilh licad, and back of the 

 head white. Its white robe, and white band with a black cap 

 and mantle, have given occafion for calling it rel'tguiijc, 

 or nun. The back of the head is decorated With green 

 and purple luftre, and the wliite band encircles it behind 

 from the eyes. The Newfoundland filhers call it^/V;/, as 

 Edwaids fuggtfts, bccaufe it is a very nimble diver, appear- 

 ing at a great dillance, vcr)' foon after it lias plunged. It 

 is found m America, from Hudfon's bay to Carohna, and 

 forms its nell in trees near frelh water. 



AL15ERCHE, in Geography, a liver of Spain, which 

 runs into the Tagus, near Talavera. 



ALBERDORF, a town of Aullria, on the river Bulc- 

 kau, feven miles eall of Schrattental. 



ALBERGOTTI, Francis, m Biography, an eminent 

 civilian, of the I4tli century, Ihidied under Baldi, and 

 exercifed his profelhon at Are/.^o, in the (late of Floreucc ; 

 but removing to Florence, he was there ennobled. His 

 charafter for integrity is no Icfs applauded than his fkill 

 in the law ; fo tliat tiie appendage annexed to his name is, 

 •• folidx veritatis doftor ;" or the teacher of fohd truth. 

 He wrote " Commentaries on the Digell," and fome other 

 pieces in law ; and died in 1376. Gen. Biog. 



ALBERGUS, John, a native of Mazarain, in Sicily, 

 where he prattifed medicine with fuccefs, towards the end of 

 the 17th centurj-, publilhed at Palermo in 1 703, " Summa 

 Tractatnum Chirurgicx praxeos, izmo." 



ALBERIC, or Albert, a French hiftorian, was ca- 

 non of the church of Aix in Provence, in the 12th cen- 

 tury, and wrote a hillory of the firft crufade, from the re- 

 ports of thofe who attended it. His nanative extends 

 Irom 109, to 1 1 20, and is contained in two dillinft works, 

 via;. " Chronicon Hierofolymitanum," printed in 416., 

 at Helir.anftadt in 1584; and " Gcfta Dei per Francos," 

 in foho, 161 1. Gen. Biog. 



ALBERIZZT, Petlr Joseph, lludied medicine at 

 Pifa, and pradifed fevcral years at Milan, where he died 

 1722, aged only 31 years. He publifhed " Critologia 

 Medica de caulis luis peftiferx, ejufdcmque cUra, qua vermi- 

 culi, de quibus fomniarunt nonnulli, exploduntur." 



ALBERNUO, in Commerce, a kind of camblct brought 

 from the Levant, by way of Marfeillcs. 



ALBERONE,in Geography, a townof Naples,in the pro- 

 vince of Capitanata, eight miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Volturara. 



ALBERONI, Cardinal, in Biography, a celebrated 

 Ilatcfman,wasborn atPlacentia in Italy, in i664,and employed 

 till the age of 14 in the occupation of his father, who was a 

 gardener. Having relieved M. Campiftron, fecretary to ihe 

 duke of Vendome, when he was robbed near the village 

 where he lived, he was recommended by him to his general, 

 who took him into Spain. From this menial low ilate he 

 rofe by fevcral gradations to the dignity of cardinal and 

 archbifliop of Valentia, and to the office of prime minifter, 

 in the court of Spain. For botli thefe honours he was in- 

 debted to the patronage of the princefs of Pai-ma, whofe 

 marriage with Philip V. he had projedled and accomplifhed. 

 His difpofition was intriguing and enterprifmg ; and not 

 content with effecting fome domcllic reforms and arrange- 



A L B 



ments, he formed the defign of an expedition againft Sar- 

 dinia and Sicily, and in order to prevent the interference of 

 other powers, he made an alliance with Czar Peter, Charles 

 XII. of Sweden, and, as fome fay, with the Ottoman Porte. 

 He alfo propofed exciting the Turks to make war on the 

 emperor, to advance the Pretender to the tlirone of England 

 by means of Peter and Charles, to divcil the duke of Or- 

 leans of the regency of France, and to annihilate the 

 German power in Italy. But an union between England 

 and France was the reiult of the difcovery- of tliis plan ; 

 and both thefe powers concurred in declaring war againft 

 Spain in 17 19, and the condition of peace was the removal 

 of Alberone, andhisbanifliment fromthe kingdom. Having 

 received an order in Dec. 1720, to quit Madrid in 24 hours, 

 and to leave Spain in a fortnight, he retired with great 

 wealth ; nor was it difcovered before he had been two days 

 on his journev, that he had taken with liim the teftamentof 

 diaries II. of Spain, which appointed Philip univerfal heir 

 of the Monarchy. The inftrument was wreiled from his 

 poffefilon by force ; and purfuing his journey to Genoa, lie 

 was there arrcilcd by order of the pope, on the charge oC 

 neo-ociating with the Turks. On his exculpation, and fub- 

 fequent liberation from the convent of the Jeliiits, to which- 

 he was confined for a year, he engaged in new intrigues, 

 and particulariy in an unfuccefsful cntei-prife againft the 

 fmall republic of St. Marino. A bon mot of Benedict XIV. 

 on this occafion was very generally circulated : " Albeioni 

 is hke a glutton, who, after having eaten a large falmon, 

 cannot help calling a \vi(hful eye at a minnow." His views 

 were more laudably direfted to the eftabh(hment and en- 

 dowment of a feminary of education for poor fcholars ia 

 his native city. Alberoni preferved his health and vivacity 

 to old age ; his converfation chiefly turned on the recital of 

 his own "exploits, and was inftruclive and amufmg ; though 

 in his temper he was irafcible and impatient of contradiction. 

 He died in 1752, at the advanced age of 87, and left behind 

 him the character of " a great politician, as daring as Ri- 

 chelieu, and as fupple as Mazarin, with as littlt? principle as 

 either. His life, to tlie year 1719, has been publilhed by 

 John RoutTet, tranflated from the Spanifh. A pretended 

 " Pohtical Teftament," in the name of cardinal Alberoni, 

 printed in 1753, is confidered as fpurious. Nouv. Diet. 

 Hift. Gen. Biog. 



ALBERT I. duke of Auftria, and emperor, was the 

 fon of the emperor Rodolphus, and a competitor for the 

 Imperial crown with Adolphus of Naflau, whom he de- 

 feated and killed in battle. Before this viclon-, he had been 

 eledled king of the Romans ; but apprehending that his 

 election would be contefted, he obtained the confirmation of 

 it, and was folemnly crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle, in the 

 year 1298. He began his reign with renewing the ancient 

 leagues between the emperor, and with forming a treaty of 

 marriage between his fon Rodolphus and Blanche, the daugh-t 

 ter of Philip the French king. The alliance with France 

 was protcfted againft by the three ecclefiaftical eleflors, and 

 upon the emperor's appeal to pope Boniface, with a demand 

 that he would ratify his eleclion, the pope declared that it 

 was null and void, and that Albert ought to be treated as a 

 murderer. Boniface proceeded, upon the complaint and 

 remonftrance of the electors, to prohibit the fubjefts of the 

 empire from acknowledging the claims of Albert, and to 

 releafe them from the obligation of their oath of allegiance. 

 The emperor, incenfed at the conduct of the ecclefiaftical 

 eleftors, declared war againft them, and foon compelled 

 them to fue for peace. In 1303, the pope having quar- 

 relled with Philip the Fair of France, made advances to 



Albert, 



