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n- '.'ur varyinjT very littk- from this, whic'i lie ir.'n.Mncs 

 il.:;.:a only in fcx ; the hi-aJ and neck are wholly bl.iik and 

 tho inner coverts of the wings h?rrcd wilh a dirty white, 

 (imeliii mentions two varieties, viz.. A. a-.tiilid^u or white 

 of Rrnnniek, and the A. witli a red breaft. This fpecics 

 inhabit!) America and Europe, cfpecially in the arctic fea, 

 ii fonnd fomelimes among (ragtrenls of ice, abont nine 

 inches long, as to the difpofition of its legs, neft, food, and 

 manners refimbhng the other fpeci.->, but more capable ot 

 walking, laying two bhiifli white eggs, flying fwiftly, and 

 heooniing fat in ftormy weather, in confequence of the fniall 

 filh that arc brought within its reach ; whiitl at reft on the 

 water or fwiinming, it is perpetually dipping its bill in the 

 water. In Greenland it is called the ice-bird. 



6. A. Idbradorira, or kibrador auk of Pennant and I-a- 

 thani, has a kecl-fliaped bill, its lowcrinandiblc angulated, the 

 linear noftrils covered with an obfcure membrane. The bill 

 is narrow, the upper mandible of a dark red colour, the 

 lower whiti(h,fpotted with black, the temples dull white, the 

 throat, wings, and (liort tail of a dark colour : and tho legs 

 red. It is about 12 inches long, and found in the countiy 

 of Labrador. 



7. A. crijlattlln, or crefted auk of Pennant and Latham, 

 has its bill (omewhat afceiiding, conoidal, crimfon-coloured, 

 white at the tip, with a furrow nmning on each fide of the 

 lower mandible from the throat, and a crefted front. It is 

 about the fize of the thrufli, 12 inches long, and found in 

 the illands adjacent to Japan, and in Bird ifland, fituate be- 

 tween America and the northern part of Afia, in the day 

 fwimming on the fea, and at night in the rabbit holes of the 

 fliorc and the clefts of rocks. 



8. A. tetiacuh, or duflcy auk of Pennant and Latham, 

 has an afcending bill conoid, of a dingy brown colour, the 

 Jowcr mandible triangular, and the front fomcwhat crefted. 

 It is II inches long, and found in the fea of Kamtfchatka, 

 on the fea by day, and in the night concealed in the rabliit 

 holes, caves and fiftures of rocks, where it forms its neft ; 

 it walks and flies very indiff"erently, ftands ereft, fwims 

 fwiftly on the water, and dives well. 



9. A. pfillacula, or peiToquet auk of Pennant and La- 

 tham, has its bill fubovated, compreffed and crimfon-co- 

 loured, with a fnigle fnnow in each mandible, with a white 

 Ipot in the middle of the upper eye-hd and below the eye. 

 The head and upper part of the body are duflcy, the lower 

 whitifti, varied with black edges ; from the remote corner of 

 each eye a tuft of white feathers hangs down the neck ; the 

 tail is veiy ftiort, the legs of a dirty yellow, and the mem- 

 brane connecling the toes brown. This fpecies is about 

 the fize of the httle auk, is found in the fea that lies between 

 the nortliern parts of Afia and America, fometimes by day 

 in flocks fwimming on the water, though not very far from 

 land, unlcfs driven out by ftorms, and in the night harbouring 

 in the crevices of rocks. About the middle of June they lav 

 upon the rock or fand a (ingle egg, about the fize of that 

 of a hen, of a dirty white oryellowllh colour, fpotted with 

 brown, which is efteemed good. Thefe birds, like others 

 of the fame clafs, are ftupid, and are moftly taken by the 

 natives, who place thcmfelves in the evening amono- the 

 rocks, dreffed in garments of fur with large open fleeves, 

 into which the birds fly for flicker as the night comes on, 

 and thus they become an eafy prey. They fometimes at fea 

 niiftake a fliip for a roofting-place, and thus warn navigators 

 of their being near the land at the accefs of night, or on the 

 approach of ftorms. 



10. A. Cirrhata, macareux of Kamtfchatka of BufFon, or 

 tufted auk of Pennant and Latham, is entirely black, has 

 four furrows in its bill, the fides of the head, the fpace 



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about the eyes, and tho corner of the throat white, anil 

 a yellowifti hmgitudinal tuft from the eye-brows to the nape. 

 This tuft is white near the head, and afterwards of a buff- 

 yellow ; the bill and legs are crimfon. It refembles the 

 pulfin in its appearance and manners, but is fomewhat larger, 

 being about 18 inches long; fwimming about for whole 

 days in the fea, where it dives well, and ocj.ifionally flies 

 fwiftly, but never departing far from the rocks and iflands ; 

 and feeding on flirimps, crabs, and flicll-fifli, which it forces 

 from the rocks with its ftrong bill ; in the night it comes to 

 fliore, burrows about a yard deep under ground, and makes 

 a nell with feathers and fea-weed, in which it lodges with 

 its mate, being monogam.ous. It lays one egg in May or 

 June,' which is fit to be eaten and ufed for food, but the 

 •flefli of the bird is hard and infipid. This fpecies inhabits 

 the fiiores of Kamtfchatka, the Kurile iflands, and thofe 

 -that lie between Kamtfchatka and America. The young 

 women of Kamtfchatka form an ornament of the glutton's 

 flvin, in die fluipe of a crefcent, which they fufpend behind 

 each ear, refcmbling the tufts of this bird ; and a prefent 

 of this kind from a lover to his miftrefs is in high eftima- 

 tion. The bills mixed with thofe of the common puffia, 

 and the hairs of the leal, wctc formerly regarded by theiJc 

 people as a powerful amulet : they are now ufed as an 

 appendage to their drefs, and the flcins of the birds are fewed 

 together as garments. This bird is called by the natives, 

 monichagatha, or mitchagatchi, and igilma. 



X I. A. o.nliqua, or ancient auk of Pennant and Latham, 

 has a black bill white at the bafe, covered with down, a 

 frnall whitifli creft on each fide of the head, and another 

 long white one on the neck. The crown of the head and 

 throat are black ; the back, wings, and tail are fuliginous. 

 This fpecies is fomewhat larger than the little auk, being 

 almoft 1 1 inches long, and is found near Kamtfchatka, and 

 the Kurile iflands. 



12. A. pygmea, or pygmy auk of Pennant and Latham, 

 has a black bill, the crown of the head, neck, back, wings, 

 tail, and feet of a duflcy colour, the throat and breaft grey, 

 the abdomen dirty white. The bill is furrowed on the back 

 and (lightly bent at the ends. This fpecies is lefs than the 

 little auk, or feven inches long, is found in large flocks about 

 Bird iflands, between the northern parts of Afia and America. 

 See Linnsns by Gmelin, BufFon, Pennant, and Latham. 



ALCABENDAS, in Geography, a fmall, but beauti- 

 ful town of Spain, in New Cartile, fituate about three or 

 four leagues north of Madrid. N. lat. 40° 35'. W. long. 

 3° 26'. 



ALCACAZON, in Botany, the name of a plant, vhich 

 is produced in the neighbourhood of Colima in Mexico, 

 and which the inhabitants reckon a catholicon in all decayed, 

 enervated, and emaciated conftitutions. The natives apply 

 the leaves to the parts chiefly affefted, and judge of their 

 efficacy by their flicking or falhng off. 



ALCACENAS, in Geography, -a. fmall town of Portugal, 

 fouth-eaft of Evora, upon a branch of the river Zadeon, 

 N. lat. 38" 25'. W. long. 6" 21'. 



ALCADETE, a fmall town of Spain in New Caftile, 

 on a fmall river which runs near it into the Tagus. N. lat. 

 39° 30'. W. long. 3" 56'. 



ALCADIN of Syi-acufe, in Biography, a learned phi- 

 lofepher and pliyfician, taught medicine at Salernum, towards 

 the end of the 1 2th centur}'. He was phyfician to the emperor, 

 Henry the Sixth, and wrote an account of the virtues of 

 the baths of Puzzoli, in verfe, which is inferted in a col- 

 leftion of treatifes on baths, printed at Venice, 1553, fol. 

 and again in a work, " De Balneis Puteolorum Bajorum, 

 &c. Naples, 1591. 8vo. 



ALC.ff;US, 



