AnL d 



wrj the caufc of ftdition and tumult among the caftern 

 t'ranks. Ho w.'.s condcmncil at the iiiftigation of Bonifac-; 

 by tlie pontiff Zachan-, in a council held at Rome, A. D. 

 74R, and thrown into prifon, where he probably ended 

 his days. His forged letter was publidied by Stephen 

 Balufe, in the fecond vol. of the" Capitularia Rtgum Fraii- 

 lorum." Mofl;eim's Eccl. Hift. vol. ii. p. 273. 



ALDEGO, in Gcosraphy, a river of Italy, which rifcs 

 near Montcbel'.o in the Vicentin, and joins the Adige in 

 the eftates of Venice, near Zevio. 



ALDF.GRETTUS, or Andreghettu;;, in Biography, 

 of a noble family at Tadua, taiigh.t n.edicine at that univeriity 

 34 years, and died of the plague in the year 1631, aged 58 

 years. He publidied " Luis Venercx perfeiliiUmus trstlatus 

 ex ore Herculis SaKonij?, Patavini Medici ciariflimi." 1597. 

 410. See Aib.uc dc Morbis Vencrcis, p. 917. 



ALDEGREVER, Hfnrv, a coniiderable engraver 

 and pair.tcr, was born at Zoull in Weftphalia, in 1502. 

 He is faid to have ftudicd under Albert' Durer, at Nu- 

 remberg, whofc ilyle he copied. The mechimical part of 

 his engraving is very neat, and executed entirely with the 

 graver, in the llyle of Albert Durer. The light parts 

 upon his ilclh are rendered foft and clear, by the addition of 

 fmall lo:ig dots, which he has occafionallv interfpeifcd 

 with judgment. His drawing of the naked figure is more 

 correft tlian that of the old German mafters, and he has 

 Icfs of that ftiff tafte which appears in the beil of their 

 works. It is obferved, however, that his figures of men 

 arc more correct than thofe of his women. His heads are 

 in general very cxpreffive, and his other extremities well 

 marked, but foinctimes rathtr heavy. As a painter alfo, he 

 is fpoken of very highly, and confidered as nearly if not 

 altogether equal to his mafter, Albert Durer. His principal 

 works are I'.is own portrait and fcveral others, uich as 

 thofe cf Kriipperdolling, Mclanfthon, 5;c.; thehiftory of Su- 

 fannaii and the two elders ; Dives and Lazarus ; the paf- 

 lion of Chrid ; the h'.bours of Hercules ; feveral Ma- 

 donas ; many hiftorical fubjefls ; a variety of Goldfniith 

 orramcnts, very bcr.utifully engraved ; and feme few nu- 

 dities, amongd which is the fcciety of Anabaptills. There 

 is only one etching attributed to this mafter, which js Or- 

 pheuo playing on a violin, and Enrydice ftated at the foot 

 of a tree, dated 1528. It has been obferved, that Alde- 

 grever would have been very eminent in his profefiion, if 

 in early life he had been introduced to a knowledge of the 

 antique, and a more intimate acquaintance with the Roman 

 mafters. This artill has been crronoufiy called Aldergraft, 

 and hisChri.lian r.amc has been Albert inllead of Henry; but 

 his name upon his own portrait is Aldegrevcr. The time of 

 his deceafe is not known ; but the lal? date which appears 

 upon his prints is 1558. The number of his plates amounts 

 to no Icfs than 350.' Strutt. 



ALDEN, Fort, in Geo^^raphy, is fituate in Cherry- 

 valley, in the ftate of New York. 



ALDEHAHR., a fmall town of Germany, in the circle 

 of the LoY/er Rhine, in a prefe&urate of the' fame name, 

 and m the archbithopric of Cologn, fituate on the river 

 Ahr, eight leagues fcuth of Cologn. N. lat. 50° 35'. 

 E- long. 6° 43'. 



ALDENAU, a fmall town of the Lower Rhine, and 

 archbifhopric of Cologn, in a prefcfturate of the fame 

 name, 10 leagues fouth of Cologn. N. lat. 50° 29'. E. 

 long. 6° •},()'. 



ALDENBERG, a town in the circle of Weftphaha 

 and di.chy of Berg, four leagues north-eaft of Cologn. 



ALDENBORG, a town of ancient Rufslad, now Old 

 Ladoga, which lies in the government of St. Peterlburgli. 



A L D 



ALDENBURGH, a town in the circle of Upper 

 Saxony, and duchy of Anhalt Bernburg, two miles north 

 of Bernburg. 



ALDENHOVEN, a town of the circle of Wt-ftphalia, 

 and duchy of Juliers, three miles weft-fouth-w ell of Ju- 

 liers. 



ALDER-/JVC, mBoijny. See Eetula. 



ALDER, bla:l-. See Rhamnus. 



ALDERAIMIN, or Aderaimin, in yfflroiiomy, the 

 Arabian name of a ftar of the third magnitude, in the left 

 Ihoulder of the conftellation Ccpheus, marked a by Bayer. 



ALDERBURGH, in Geography, a confiderable ma- 

 nufacturing village of England, in the county of Wilts, 

 two miles and a half fcuth-taft of Salilbury. 



ALDEPx.HOLM, an ifland of Sweden, at the mouths 

 of the river Gefle, in the gulf of Bothnia, formed, as is 

 alfo Illandfliolm, by the three branches of this river. This, 

 ifland is diftaut 80 miles north from Stockholm, and has a 

 dock, arfenal, warchoufes for deals, Sec, and carries on a. 

 confiderable trade. 



ALDERMAN, among our ancient Saxon anceftors, was 

 the fecond of the three orders or degrees of nobility. 



The word, in its original^ is ealdorman ; compounded of 

 /eldt old, or teldor, elder, and man, q. d. eldcrman. 



jlthel'ing was the firil rank of nobility, aldcrtnan the fe- 

 cond, and tbam the loweft. 



It appears, fays Mr. Hume (Hift. vol. i. p. 476, 8vo.}, 

 from the tranflations of the Saxon annals and laws, and fi^ni 

 king Alfred's trandation of Bede, as well as from aO the 

 ancient hiftorians, that comes, in Latin, alderman in' Saxon, 

 and carl in Dano-Saxon, were quite fyuonym.ous ; and it 

 alfo appears, (Id. p. 201.), that the aldermen or governors of 

 counties, who, after the Danifti times, are often called earls, 

 were admitted into the wktenagemot, or great council of the 

 nation, and gave confent to the public ftatutes. The biftiop, 

 together with the alderman or earl, prefided in the county- 

 courts, or ftiiremotes, where all caufes, ecclciiaftical as weU 

 as civil, were decided ; but they liad no further authority 

 than to keep order among the freeholders and inttrpofe with 

 their opinion. The aldermen received a third of the fines 

 levied in thefe courts ; and as moft of the punifhments were 

 then pecuniary, this perquifitc formed a confiderable part of 

 the profits belonging to the office. The alderman, or earl 

 of a fhire, appears to have been a perfon of the higheft 

 dignity and greateft power among the Anglo-Saxons ; and 

 therefore this office was commonly enjoyed by the thanes (vf" 

 the largeft eftates and moft ancient families. Pcireifed both 

 of the civil and militaiT government ol his ihire, the alder- 

 man was a little king within his own territories, and nflurr.ed 

 the titles of fub-king and priuee in fubfcrlbing charters and 

 other deeds. When he appeared at the head of the military 

 forces of his fhire in times of war, he was called a dnke or 

 heretogen, which fignify a general or commander of an 

 army ; and was indeed a high and potent prince. In the 

 moft ancient times of the Anglo-Saxon govem.-nent, the 

 aldermen, or earls, were appointed by the king, but towards 

 the conclufion of this period, thefe great ofBcers feem to 

 have been elefted by the freeholders of the fhire, in the 

 fhiregemote or county-court. To enable them to fuppo t 

 their dignity, they enjoyed certain lands, called the earl's 

 lands, befides the fines above-mentioned and feveral other 

 perquifites. The office of earl was fo far from being here- 

 ditary in the moft ancient period of the Anglo-Saxon go- 

 vernment, that it was held only during the good pleafure of 

 the fovereign, and their own good behavioiu-. But towards 

 the conclufion of this period, the great earls were moft com- 

 monly, though not always, fuccecded by their fons in their 



earldoms. 



