ALE 



pillars of granite, iiifcribed with Eg)-ptian hieroglyphics, 

 ftreweJ the ftreets, or divided hy the faw, ftrvtd fur their 

 holds and benches ; marble and porphyry bafcs and capitals, 

 baths and catacombs, were found in ruins, with nothing 

 entire but a bath of black granite, deftined for the nnifeum 

 pf Paris; the p. liar of Ponipcy, and the obeliik of Cleo- 

 patra, wliich were yet in good prefervation. When the 

 blockade of the port by the Engliili fleet, after the famous 

 battle of Abcuh'tr, cut off the communication with Rofetta, 

 and tiie fupply of water was thin; impeded, Bonaparte caufed 

 the canal which led from Rhamania to Alexandria, acrofs a 

 dcfert of 40 miles, to be cleanftd ; by which means not 

 only this city received a larger fupply of water and pro- 

 vifions, but the artillery was conveyed more expeditioully 

 and conveniently by water to the general depofit at Gifa, 

 than it could have been by land. Bonaparte alfo drew plans 

 fir tlie better defence of the port of Alexandria and the city 

 i.r Cairo ; he alio formed a great eftabliihment for the me- 

 chanical arts; and witli the concurrence ot the Icientific men 

 who attended him formed a national academy, called the 

 IssTiTUTE. In the year ibloi, Alexandria was taken by 

 tlie Englifli army, under the command of General Hutchin- 

 fon, the news of which was announced foon after the pre- 

 liminaries of peace between England and France were figned, 

 by the relpeftive agents of the two countries; by one article 

 of which Egypt is to be delivered up to tlie Sublime 

 Ottoman Porte. Alexandria is iituated in N. lat. 31° 11' 

 20". E. long. 30° 16' 30'. Nautical Almanac. According 

 to Bruce (Travels, vol. i. p. 16.) N. lat. 31° ii'32". E. 

 long. 30° 17' 30". Anc. and Mod. Un. Hill. RoUin'sAnc. 

 Hill. Savary's Letters on Egypt, vol. i. letters. Sonnini's 

 Travels through Upper and Lower Egypt. Gibbon's De- 

 cline, &c. of the Rom. Emp. 



Alexandria was alfo a name given to feveral other 

 cities ; i;/s. a city of Arachofia, on the river Arachotus, 

 the Alexandropolis of Ifidore (Stephanus), and by fome 

 thought to be the modern Cabu! ; — another of GedroCa, 

 both built by order of Alexander the Great; (Pliny, H. N. 

 lib. vi. c. 23.) — A third of Aria, near the lake Arius, ac- 

 cording to Ptolemy; but according to Pliny (lib. vi. c. 23.) 

 on the river Arius, built by Alexander, who fettled a colony 

 of Macedonians there. (Strabo, lib. xv. Ammianus lib. 22.) 

 —A fourth in Badlriana, fo called, fays Pliny, (lib. vi. c. 23.) 



from its builder A fifth, an inland town of Carmania, 



built alfo by Alexander, and mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy 



5(nd Ammianus A iixth, in the country of the Daha;, in 



Sogdiana, (Ifidorus Characenus.) — A feventh, in Lidia, at 

 the confluence of the Acefmes and Indus, (Arrian, lib. v. 

 c. 15.) — An eighth, built by Alexander the Great, between 

 Iffus and the Straits which lead from Cihcia into Syria, 

 called alfo Aleiandretta, and now Scandcroon. — A 

 ninth, in Margiana, which was built by Alexander, and re- 

 built, after it was demohfhcd by the barbarians, by Antio- 

 chus, the fon of Seleucus, and called Antiochia of Syria, 

 and alfo Seleucia, watered by the river Mergus ; 70 ftadia 

 in circuit, according to Pliny (lib. vi. c. 16.); who adds, that, 

 after the defeat of CrafTus, Orodes conveyed the captives to 

 this place. — A tenth of the Oxiana, in Sogdiana, built by 

 Alexander on tlie Oxus, near tlie confines of Baftria, (Pliny 

 lib. vi. c. 16.) — An eleventh, built by Alexander, at the 

 foot of Mount Paropamifus, wliieh was called Caucafus, 

 (Phny, lib. vi. c. 23.). — A twelfth, in Troas, called alfo 

 Troas and Antigonia, ordered to be erefted by Alexander, 

 in commemoration of Troy, which had long ceafed to exilh 

 Antigonus, one of his heutenants, laid the foundations of 

 it, aud^ave his natne to Uie city ; but the niune of Alex- 



ALE 



anderwas reftorcd by Lyfimachus, who a.^'terwa.'-dspofn.nVd, 

 embellilhcd and extended it. Having palled under the do- 

 minion of the Romans, it became, under Augulbis, one of 

 die handfomell cities of the ealt. Under Adrian, Hcrodes 

 Atticns conllriifted a fuperb aquedudt, fome icw traces of 

 which are Hill to be ften. The walls of the city, of tlie 

 houfes, of the temples, and of other monuments, are built 

 of a hard (lielly Hone. Tlie marble of Paros and that of 

 Marmora are common here, and alfo ftvcral forts of granite. 

 Near the rivulet to the fouth of the city arc two fprin.ra 

 of mineral waters.refortedto by theTiirks and Greeks.which 

 are recommended for diforders of the (Icin, the Icprofy, and 

 fyphilis. The harbour is of narrow extent, and almoll clioaked 

 up with fand. Hillory does not mention the epoch in whicll 

 this city was defcroyed. It had no exillence when the Turks 

 ellabhdied themfelyes in this country. The environs prefent 

 a fruitful foil, forming a plain, in wjiich the -velam oak grows 

 in abundance, and without culture. The ruins of this city 

 are fix leagues to the fouth of CapcSigxum. Olivier'sTiavels, 



&c. vol. ii. p. 46 A thirteentii Alexandria, built by 



Alexander on the Jaxartes, bounding his victories towards 

 Scythia.— A fifteenth in Adiabene, mentioned by Pliny, and 

 asHaidouin fuggeils.defigncd to perpetuate the remembrance 



of the defeat of Darius A fixteenth on the northern coaft 



of the illand of Cyprus, fouth of the promontory' of Cal- 

 linufa — A feventeentli in Palefline, on the river Scham, to 

 the fouth of Tyre, near the fea. 



Alexandria, or Allesandrf A, fm-nanicd Delia Pwlia., 

 becaufe the inhabitants ufe ftubble for fuel inllead of wood, 

 or becaufe the Germans contemptuoufly called it Pakans, 

 or a fortrefs of ilraw, a city of Italy, in the diftrift of Akx- 

 andrin or AleflV.ndrino, belonging to the duchy of Milan, 

 has a caftle, and is fituated in a mardiy country, on the river 

 Tenaro. It was built in honour of pope Alexander III. in. 

 1 170, and is faid to have 12000 inhabitants. By this pope 

 it was made a bifhoprie, fuffragan of Milan,witli feveral pri- 

 vileges annexed to it. The citadel is llrong, but the forti- 

 fications are mean. It was ceded to the duke of Savoy in 

 1703 ; taken by prince Eugene, after three days' ficge, in 

 1706, by the French in 1745, and retaken by the king of 

 Sardinia, to whom it belongs by the treaty of Utrecht, in 

 1 746. It is 38 miles eaH of Turin, and ^ 7 foiith-fouth-weft 

 of Milan. N. lat. 44° 48'. E. long. 8° '39'. 



Alexandria, a tewn of Ncuf RuiTia, in the government 

 of Ekatarinoflaf, on the confines of Poland, 70 miles well 

 of Ekatarinoflaf, and 150 foiith-wcll of Kiow. N. lat. 48° 

 25'. E. long. 32=54'. 



Alexandria or Alexandrow, a town of Poland, in 

 the palatinate of Volhynia, upon the river Horin, jc miles 

 eaft-north-eail of Lucko. 



ALEXANDRiA,atownlliip inGraftoncounty,N.Hampfliirt, 

 inAinerica, containing 298 inhabitants; incorporated in 1782. 



Alexandria, a tewnfliip in Hunterdon county. New 

 Jerfey, containing 1503 inhabitants, including 40 flaves. 



Alexandria, a fmall town in Huntingdon county, Penn- 

 fylvania, on the Frankllown branch of Juniatta river, 192 

 iniles north-well of Philadelphia. 



Alexandria, formerly called Belha-ven, a city of Vir- 

 ginia, fituate on the fouthern bank of the Patowmac river, 

 in I'aiifax county, about five miles fouth-wcll from the Fe- 

 deral city, and 290 from the fea ; N. lat. 38° 45'. W. long, 

 77° 10'. Its fituation is lofty and pleafant, and the (IreetS 

 are laid out upon the plan of Philadelphia. It contains 400 

 houfes, well built, and 2748 inhabitants. It bids fair, from 

 the advantages of its fituation, to be one of the raoll thriving 

 commercial places on the continent. 



Al.£XANI)RlAt 



