A L G 



were loner '" nlliance with the Iroquois ; wliom they agreed 

 to protect from all invaders, wliilit the Iroquois lUpulaleii to 

 pay them a tribiile out of th ■ produce ot the earth, and to 

 perform for them all the menial duties, fuch as flaying; the 

 gHJUe, curint; tiie fleth, and dvcfTmir llie (kins. At length the 

 Iroquois ailociated with the Aljonijuins in their hunting 

 matehes and military expeditionb ; but hy degrees the Al- 

 gonq\iins became jealous of their aif.eiatcs and allies, and 

 mvudered feveral ot their number. The Iroquois for fonie 

 time llifled their refentmcnt, but determining upon revenge, 

 they apphed to the ftudy of the art of war, as it was praftilcd 

 among tlie lavaj;e nations ; and having acquired a compttent 

 knowledge, which tliey improved by expeiiciiee, tiiey at- 

 tacked tlu.- Algcmquins with inch fui-y, th.-it, uulefs tlu-y had 

 been jH'cfcrved by the interpolition of the French, their whole 

 >-ace would have been exterminated. They are daily de- 

 creafmg m number, lubfdl principally on lifhing and hunting, 

 and have fcarcely any notion of agriculture. The Al- 

 gonqtiins are now dilperfed along the river Atawar, and 

 occupy diifcTCnt parts of Upper Canada, above the lakes 

 Huron, Ontario, and Superior. The lake of the Two Moun- 

 tains, which may be deemed the commencement of the 

 Utawas river, and which is about 20 miles long, and three 

 wide, and furrounded by cultivated fields, is nominally in pof- 

 feffion of the two tnbes of Iroquois and Algonquins, whofe 

 village is lituated In a delightful point of land under the hills, 

 wiiicii, under the denomination of mountains, give a name to 

 the lake. Near the extremity of the point their church is 

 built, which divides the village into two parts, forming a re- 

 gular angle along the water-iide. On the eail is the Itation 

 of the Algonquins, and on the well one of the Iroquois, con- 

 fiiling in all ot about 500 warriors. Each party has its mif- 

 fionar)-, and divine worfiiip is performed, according to the 

 rites of the Romifh church, in their refpcftive languages, in 

 the fame church : and fo affiduous, it is faid, have their paf- 

 tors been, that thefe people have been inllrufted in reading 

 and writing in their own language, and arc better taught 

 tJian the Canadians of the country of the lower ranks : but 

 notwithftanding thefe advantages, and though the eftabhdi- 

 ment is nearly coeval with the colonization of the countiy, 

 they do not advance towards a Hate of civilization, but re- 

 tain their ancient habits, language and cuftoms, and are be- 

 coming every day more depraved, indigent, and infignifi- 

 cant. The country round them, though capable of cultiva- 

 tion, prefents only a few miferable patches of ground, fown 

 by the women with maize and vegetables. During the win- 

 ter fealon they leave their habitations and their pallors to fol- 

 low the chace, according to the cullom of their forefathers. 

 A tribe of the Algonquin cation occupies the parts adjacent 

 to the lake Nhpisingui. Some few families inhabit the 

 iiland of St. Jofeph, near the lake Huron ; alio a village, 

 near the fall of St. Mary, about 50 miles farther towards 

 the north-well, who are (larving for one-half of the year, and 

 in a ftate of intoxication for the other half, and the coalls of 

 lake Superior, where they live chiefly on fifh. The refi- 

 dence of the firll chief, or Sachem, of all the Algonquin 

 tribes inhabiting different parts of the country, is at the 

 trading eilabhlhinent, fituate on a high bank on the north 

 fide of the river la Pluie, in N. lat. 48° 37'. This chief 

 ia by way of diftinftion called NeClam, implying perfoiial 

 pre-eminence. In this place the elders meet in council to 

 treat cf peace or war. Of this tribe fume few are found near 

 the AssiNiBOiN river, who are in almoft conftant hoftility 

 with theNADOWAsis. Thofcof them who occupy the country 

 near lake WiMipic and its fource, are employed in fur-hunt- 

 ing, fo that they thus acquire the additional articles of cloth, 

 blankets, &.C. but their paffion for mm puts it out of their 

 power to fupply themfclves with real neceflaries. The Ai- 



A L H 



gonquiQ5anJKNisTiNiAi;x arc fuppofedbyalate intelligent 

 trdTcller to have been originally the lame peo])le, and to have 

 iuhabiled the Allanlic coali, the banks ot tiie river St. I.aw- 

 rence, and a.ijacent countries. Their progrefs has beenwtf- 

 terly, and they are even found well and nortli as far a$ Alha- 

 balea. Tlie language of the Algonquins isone of the three prin- 

 cipal languages, t)r of thnfe wliich have b^en called radicid, or 

 mother tongues, amongll the Indians of C'anada. The other 

 tivo are the Sioux ami the Huron, Ry means of an ac- 

 quaintance w.tli the Algonquin and Huron languages, a pcr- 

 loii may travel 1 joo leagues in this conntry without an inter- 

 preter. The Algonquin language is fai<l to e>.cel that of the 

 Huronsiu fmootlmels and elegance. See Knisten eaux. The 

 Baron la llontaii has friven a linall dlclionan' on the Algon- 

 quin language; Rel.tnd lias alio given a glolson fcvenil word* 

 of the fame. The llrll is entitled, Mem. de I'Americ. Sep- 

 tent. Hag. 1703 : the lall is in his Dili'. Mile. p. 3. Difl". i. 

 Mod. Uii. Hill. vol. XXXV. p. 37<;. Mackenzie's V'oyagcS, 

 &:e. through the Continent of North America, &c. p. 25, 

 63, &c. 



ALGOR is ufed by fome MciUamil IVriters, to denote a 

 preternatural coldnefs or chilnefs in a part. Muys fpeaks, in 

 this lenfe, of an algor of the arm, attended with an atrophy. 

 ALGORAB, in yljlronomy, a fixed ilar of the third mag- 

 nitude, in the right uing of the conllellatiou CoRVUS. 



ALGORITHM, or Algorism, an Arabic term, which 

 fome authors, and tfpecially the Spaniards, make ufe of to 

 fignify the praclical operation of feveral parts of fpcckut 

 arithmetic or ul;^ehia. Sometimes it is alio ufed for the 

 praclice of common arithmetic, by ten numeral figures. 



Algorithm is properly the art of numbering truly and 

 readily ; and comprehends the llx common rules of arithme- 

 tic. It Is lometimes called !fi«;ij)'ica riuiiurali.t. We fav the 

 algorithm of integers, the algorithm of fraclions, the algo- 

 rithm of furds, iS;c. 



ALGOSAREI^, in Botany, a name ufed by Avicenna, 

 ar.d fome other authors, for the common wild carrot, or 

 D A u c u s fylvcjiris ■ 



ALGOW, or Algau, in Gfc^rnj>hy, a canton of Ger- 

 many, in the circle of Swabia, bounded on the north by the 

 Danube, on the eaft by the Leek, on tlie well by the He- 

 gow and the lake of Conflance, and on the foutli by the 

 county of Tyrol. It includes the marquifate of Burgaw, 

 the counties of Bregents and Montfort, the territoiy of the 

 billiopof Auglburg, the abby of Kempten, of the counts of 

 Fngger, Waldburg, Konigfeck and Mindleheim ; with the 

 cities of Augfhurg, Kempten, Memmingen, liny, Lindaw, 

 Biberac and Wangen. 



ALGOZO, a fmall place of Traz-oz-Montes, in Portu- 

 gal, lituate on the river Ma^as, containing 20 parilhes, and 

 about 400 inhabitants. 



AJ.GUAZIL, in the Spanifh PoUcv, a ferjeant or offi- 

 cial of a judge, or magillrate, appointed to fee his decrees 

 executed. 



ALGUEL, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the 

 empire of Morocco and province of Hea. 



ALHABOR, among the Arabian yljlronomers , is that 

 liar commonly called SiRius. 



ATHAGI, m Botany, a fpecies of Hedysarum. The 

 inhabitants of Mefopotamia and the eaftern countries gather 

 from this (lirub a kind of manna, by means of the juice 

 whicli tranfudes from its leaves, in the form of drops of va- 

 rious fizes, which is indurated by the heat of the fun. 

 Tournefort has particulariy dcfcribed this tree, and made a 

 dilline^ genus of it, under the name of A'.hag':. The fhrub 

 grows plentifidly about Tauris ; it has been alio found ia 

 rinos, and in many plains of Armenia and Georgia; and 

 the manna is known iu the Levant by the name of Ttrenja- 



3 bta. 



