A L I 



iht tree, fhoiild knock them down. The bark of this tree, 

 wdl beaten and mnccrattd, yields a coarfc thrceid, of which 

 they make their ropes, and which macerated and dried, and 

 beaten with bars of iron or wood, becomes hke a larfje 

 piece of cloth, with which the natives cover their middle 

 from the girdle to the knees. The (hell or rind of the 

 fniit, which is hard hke that of a gourd or calabafli, bemg 

 freed from its pulp, which i:. lime of fcarcity may be made 

 into a nourifliing p?p, ferves for vtlfels of various kinds, and 

 pivcs to water, preferved in it, a pleafant aromatic tafte. 

 The fmall leaves are eaten in time of fcarcity, and the large 

 ones ferve to cover houfes, or being burned, to make good 

 foap. Mod. Un. Hiit. vol. xiii. p. 23. 8vo. 



ALICONEA, in Er.li/mology, the name given by Cra- 

 mer to the PAPILIO JULIA. 



ALICUDA, or Alicur, one of the Lipari i/lands, near 

 the coall of Sicily. N. lat. 38^ 31'. E. long. 14° 32'. 

 This ifland is about fix miles in circuit ; its popula- 

 tion is not fo great as that of Felicuda, which contains 

 about 650 inhabit:tnts, and the houfes are built at the fouth 

 and fouth-eaft end of the ifland, on the declivities of the 

 uiountains about halfway up their afcent, in order to be 

 guai-ded a:;ainll the nightly fui-pri/e and rvttack of the 

 Tunifian Corfairs. Behdes Indian figs, and feme olive- 

 trees, thefe two iflands contain many vines, from the grape 

 of which a good wine is made, though it be not malm- 

 fey, nor the grape the paffola or pafiohna. The corn grown 

 here is b.irlcy and wheat, which, together with the grapes, 

 amount in vidne of produce to about 3000 Neapolitan 

 crowns. The indulliy and patience of the people of Ali- 

 euda are incredible ; they do not lofe an inch of the ground 

 they cultivate. Their foil is almoft wholly interrupted by 

 points of rocks, maiTes of lava, clefts and crags ; and yet 

 they render trads of this kind productive, by turning and 

 breaking them with pointed fpades : fo that the Lipartfe 

 humoroufly fay of them, that the people of Alicuda till 

 their lands with the point of a knife. In all the^olian ifles 

 there is not better bread than that of Ahcuda. Three or four 

 fifhing boats belong to this ifland, which are mollly the pro- 

 perty of the parilh piieil, and are employed for the augmenta- 

 tion of their ecclcfiuftical revenues, amounting to httle more 

 than 12 fequins. There is not a Angle fpring of frefh wa- 

 ter either in Alicutla or Felicuda ; and therefore when it 

 docs not rain for fcveral months, the diftrcfs of the inhabitants 

 is extreme. They have no ferpents in thefe iflands, as they 

 furnifti no food necefiaiy for their fubflftence. The people 

 are exempted, on account of their poverty, from every kind 

 of taxation, the tythes which they pay to the bifliop ex- 

 cepted. Thefe iflanders, notwithftanding their extreme po- 

 verty, and inhabiting huts, formed of pieces of lava, fcarcely 

 admitting a ray of light, and appearing hke the nefts of 

 birds hung to the chfFs, are fingularly contented and happy. 

 Their fare confifts of black barley bread, and wild fiiiits, 

 and fometimes, by way of dainty, fait fifli, and their drink 

 of pure water; and yet fuch is the temperature of the cli- 

 mate, and the falubrious quality of the air, that they enjoy, 

 with little interruption, health of body and cheeifulnefs of 

 mind. The veiligcs of fire are difcernible in everj' part of 

 this ifland, but the aftual exiftence of volcanic errnptions 

 and conflagration precedes the records of hiftory. The vol- 

 canic materials, now found in it, and particularly examined 

 by the accurate and induilrious Spallanzani in his viik to 

 this ifland, are pumices, tufas, and glafles, and great quan- 

 tities of lava, in detached globules and continued currents, 

 which have pctrofllex for their bafe. Dolomieu was of 

 «p;ni(Sii, that Felicuda and Alicuda had ouce formed a fingle 



A L I 



conical mountain, which had been opened and feparatcd on 

 one fide ; but v^pallanzani alledges feveral circumftances 

 that evince the improbability of this opinion. Although 

 thefe two iflands exhibit numerous and indubitable charac- 

 ters of fire, no figns of it in a ftale of aftivity are now 

 to be feen The ancient name of Alicuda was Ertcvfa ; 

 and the author of the epitome of Stcphanus fiiys, that it 

 was fo named from the erica or heath which giows there 

 plentifully Strabo likewife (lib. vi.) informs us, that thefe 

 two iflands derived their names from plants. But in the 

 time of Ariftotle and Strabo, and other ancient writers, 

 the conflagrations in thefe two iflands, as they are un- 

 noticed by them, mull; have been entirely extinguiflicd. 

 Spallanzani's Travels in the two Sicilies, vol. iii. c. 18 — 

 vol. iv. c. 24. 



ALICULA, in Antiquity, a kind of puerile habit worn 

 by the Roman children. This was a iort of chlamys; fomc 

 explained it by tunica maniaita. 



ALICYRNA, in Ancient Geography, a place of Greece, 

 filuate, according to Steph. Byz. in Acarnania, and ac- 

 cording to the periplus of Scylax in jEtolia. It is proba- 

 bly the lyciriia of other authors, to the fouth of Calydon 

 on the borders of the fea. 



ALIDES, in the Mahometan H'ljlory, the defcendants 

 of Ali, otlierwife called Fatim'iies. See All 



ALIEIS, in Ancient Geography, a fea-port town of Pe- 

 loponnefus, in Laconia, inhabited by fifliermen, whence its 

 Greek name. 



ALIE-Kruvk, in Natural H'lJlory, a Dutch name given 

 to a kind of fea-fnail, the hillory of which is given by 

 Swammerdam. Bib. Nat. torn. i. p. i8o. 



ALJEMBUT, or, as fome write it, gcmbut, in Botany, a 

 name given by the Arabians, Avicenna, and others, to a 

 fpecies of acacia, which they alfo call the Nabathsean pod, 

 and ceration, or filiqua, an^ which fome have fuppofed to 

 be the fame with the common carob ; but they exprefsly 

 diilingiufli it, by faying that it is an ailringent, wiiereas the 

 other is gently purgative ; and that the fruit of it was 

 given in hemorrhages. Nay, Ifidore goes fo far as to fay, 

 that the acacia juice of the fliops was made of its fruit, 

 while unripe. 



ALIEN, in Law, ailranger or perfon born out of the 

 king's allegiance ; or under the jurifdiftion of fome other 

 fovereign ; and not natunilized, or made a denizen. 



Of thefe there are two kinds ; viz. alien friends, who are 

 of thofe countries which are at peace and league with us ; 

 and alien enemies, who are of countries at war with us ; to 

 which fome add a third, viz. alZn hifidels. 



A man born out of the land, but within the limits of the ■ 

 king's obedience beyond the feas ; or of Englifh parents out 

 of the king's obedience, provided the parents at the time of 

 the birth be of fuch obedience, is no alien, but a fubjeft of 

 the king, ilat. 2. 25 Edw. III. commonly called the ilatute 

 De natis ultra mare. 



By ieveral more modern ftatutes, (7 Ann. c. 5. 10 Ann. 

 c. 5. 4 Geo. II. c. 21, and 13 Geo. III. c. 21.) thefe re:- 

 ftridionsare further taken off; fo that all children born out 

 of the king's liegeance whofe fathers, or grandfathers by the 

 father's fide, were natural born fubjefts, though their mo- 

 thers were aliens, are now deemed to be natural born fubjerts 

 themfelves to all intents and purpofes, unlefs thtir fnici ar.- 

 ceitor were attainted, or baniflied beyond fea for high 

 trcafon ; or were at the birth of fueh children in the fervice 

 of a prince at enmity with Great Britain. But the grandchil. 

 dren of fuch anceftors fliall not be privileged in refpect of. the 

 aliens duty, except they be proteilants, and actually refi4,e 



within 



