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the fleet of Alleflus, which had been ftationeJ off the Ifle 

 of Wight to receive tliem, landed in fafcty on the wel- 

 tem coall ; and convinced the Britons, fays Gibbon, " that 

 a fiiperiority of naval llrength will not always protcft their 

 countiy from a foreign invaiion." As foon as the troops 

 were landed, the intrepid commander let fne to the fliips, 

 aiid marched forward to meet the enemy. The ufui-per had 

 ported himfelf near London in expedaiion of an attack from 

 Conllantiiis, who commanded the fleet of Boulogne ; but 

 upon hearing of the defcent of Afclepiodotus, he made 

 forced marclics to oppofe his progrefs. With a fmall body 

 of haralTed and di(heartened followers, AUeftus encountered 

 the Imperial troops, and the engagement foon terminated in 

 his total defeat and death : fo that a fingle battle decided 

 the fate of this great illand. When Coniiantius landed on 

 the fhorcs of Kent, he was welcomed by the loud and un- 

 animous acclamations of obedient fubjefts ; and Britain, 

 after a feparation of 10 years, was thus reftorcd, A. D. 

 297, to the body of the Roman empire. Crevier's Rom. 

 JEmp. vol.ix. p. 311. Gibbon's Hift. vol. ii. p. 127. 



ALLEGHANY, or Alleghany County, in Geography, 

 a dillritl of Pennfylvania in America, extends from the junc- 

 tion of the river of that name with the Ohio, where its 

 chief town Pittftiurg is fituated, to the New York line. It 

 contains 10,309 inhabitants, including 159 flaves. Morfe. 

 Alleghany is alfo the moft weftern connty in Mainland, 

 and has Pennfylvania on the north. The windings of the 

 Patowmac river feparate it from Virginia on the fouth, and 

 Sideling-hill Creek divides it from Walhington county on 

 the eaft. It contains 4809 inhabitants, including 258 flaves. 

 Its chief town is Cumberland. Morfe. 



Alleghany Mountains of America, fituate between the 

 Atlantic Ocean, the Miififippi river, and the lakes, are a 

 long and broad range of mountains, formed of a great num- 

 ber of ildges, extending to the north-eaft and fonth-weft, 

 and nearly parallel to the fea-coaft, about 900 miles in 

 length, and 60 to 150 and 200 miles in breadth. The diffe- 

 rent ridge-;, which compofe this immenfe range of moun- 

 tains, bear appropriate names in the feveral flates ; viz. the 

 Blue Ridge, the North Moimtain or North Ridge, or 

 Devil's Back-bone, Laurel Ridge, Jackfon's Mountains, 

 and Kittatinny Mountains. All thefe ridges, except the 

 Alleghany, are broken through by rivers, which appear to 

 have forced their way through i'olid rocks ; and between 

 the feveral ridges numerous trafts of fine arable and grazing 

 land intervene. In thofe diftrifts, however, which lie in 

 the back parts of Pennfylvania, Mr. Evans, who travelled 

 over them, obfer\es, that fcarcely one acre in 10 is capable 

 of culture. The principal ridge is more appropriately 

 called Alleghany, and diiHnguinicd by the appellation of the 

 Back-bone of the United States. From the feveral ridges 

 proceed innumerable branches or fpurs. The general name 

 of the whole range, taken coUeftively, feems not yet to have 

 been determined. Mr. Evans calls them " the endlefs 

 mountains ;" others have called them " the Apalachian 

 mountains," from a tribe of Indians, who live on a river 

 which proceeds from this mountain, called the Apalachi- 

 cola ; but the moft common name is the " Alleghany moun- 

 tains" fo called, probably from the principal ridge of the 

 range. Thefe mountains are not confufedly fcattered, rifing 

 here and there into high peaks, overtopping each other ; 

 but they run along in uniform ridges, fcarcely half a mile 

 high. They fpread towards the fouth, and fome of them 

 terminate in high perpendicular bluffs ; others gradually 

 fnbfide into a level counti7, g'^''"g "fe to the rivers which 

 J-un to the foiithward into the Gulf of Mexico. Morfe. 



3 



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Alleghany River, an American river of Pennfylvanis,, 

 rifes on the weftern fide of the Alleghany mountains, and 

 after running about 200 miles in a fouth-weft direftion, 

 unites with Monongahela at Pittfburg ; and both together 

 form the Ohio. The lands on each fide of this river, for 

 1 JO miles above Pittfburg, confift of wh.ite oak and chefnut 

 ridges, and in many places of poor pitch pines, interfperftd. 

 with trafts of good land and low meadows. This river, 

 and the Ohio likewife, from its head waters until it enters 

 Mifiifippi, are known and called by the name of Alleghany 

 river, by the Seneca and other tribes of the fix nations, who 

 once inhabited it. Morfe. 



ALLEGATA, in Antiquity, a word anciently fub- 

 feribed at the bottom of refcripts and conftitutions of the 

 emperors, as fignala, or tefiata, was under other inftruinents. 

 In this fenfc allegata imports as much as verified, •vcrificala. ' 

 Allegata was a kind of fubfeription, fomewhat lefs ufual 

 than data, propofitum, accepta, fubdita, fuppojila, or fub- 

 fcripta. 



ALLEGATION, is ufed for the producing of acts, or' 

 inftruraents, to authorize a thing. In the ecclefiaftical 

 courts, articles are drawn out in a formal allegation, or by 

 libel, to fct forth the complainant's ground of complaint 

 againft the injuring party, brought before the cdurt by 

 citation. To this fucceeds the defendant's anfwerupon oath, 

 when, if he denies or extenuates the charge, they proceed to' 

 proofs by witnelfes examined, and their depontions taken 

 down in writing, by an officer of the court. If the defen- 

 dant has any circumftances to offer in his defence, he muft 

 alfo propound them in what is called his defenfive allega- 

 tion, to which he is entitled, in his turn, to the plaintiff's 

 anfwer upon oath, and may from thence proceed to proofs 

 as well as his antagonift. 



Allegation, in a literary fenfe, denotes the act of citing or 

 quoting an author, or patTage of fome book. 



ALLEGEAS, or Allegiae, in Commerce, a ftufF 

 manufaftured in the Eaft Indies. There are two forts of 

 them ; fome are of cotton, and others of feveiul kinds of 

 herbs, which are fpun like flax and hemp. Their length 

 and breadth are of eight ells, by five, fix, or feven-eighths ;' 

 and of twelve ells bv three fourths, or five-eighths. 



ALLEGIANCE, In Laiv, the legal faith and obedi- 

 ence, which every fubieft owes to his prince : or, it is the 

 tie or ligamen, which binds the fubjecl to the king, in re- 

 turn for that proteftion which the king affords the fub- 

 jea. ' ; 



This was anciently called ligeanfia, or Vtgeance ; from the- 

 Latin ligare, and alligare, to bind ; q. d. ligamen Jidei. 



The thing itfelf, in the fubflance of it, is founded in rea«' 

 fon and the nature of government ; the name and the fonn' 

 are derived to us from our Gothic anceftors. Under the 

 feudal fyftem, eveiy owner of lands held them in fubjeftion 

 to fome fuperior or lord, from whom or from whofe anceftors 

 the tenant or vaffal had received them ; and there was a 

 mutual truft or confidence fubfifting between the lord and 

 vaffal, that the lord fhould protect the vaffal in the enjoy- 

 ment of the territory he had granted him : and, on tlie 

 other hand, that the vaffal fhould be faithful to the lord, 

 and defend him againft all his enemies. This obligation on 

 :the part of the vaffal was called h\% fidelitiis, or fealty ; and 

 an oath of fealty was required, by the feudal law, to be 

 taken by all tenants to their lord ; v.-hich is couched in al- 

 moft the fame terms with our ancient oath of allegiance ; 

 except that in the ufual oath of fealty there \\n% frc([uently 

 a faving or exception of the fiith due to a fuperior lord by 

 name, under whom the landlord himfelf was perhaps only a 



tenant 



