ALL 



liff and ornnmcnt in flower-gardens ; therefore, bitween beda 

 of tulip., liyaciiith;, ra;iuiicwl'.i!e::, aaemones, and otln.-r 

 fjmll;ir{rard(;ii-(lo\vtn;that art bedded, they (l.ould in general 

 be eighteen inches or two feet wide ; and in order to have 

 them ornamental, the beds (lioiild be edged witli box, and 

 the alleys filled with the bell coloured line gravel ; ur 

 where thai cannot be readily procured, with fand, Ihells, or 

 other porous fiibftances. See Gravkl Walks. 



Allky, in Dr'iH Hiijhiwdry, implies the vacant fpace be- 

 tween the outev.Tioll row of corn on one bed, and the ::earell 

 row to it on the next piirallcl bed. In the praftice of drill- 

 ing it was at firll f.ippofed that narrow alleys would not an- 

 fw^er the end for which they were intended ; while, on the 

 other hand, the inak'n t them very wide would be a lofs of 

 pround ; about four fee:, exclufive of t'ne ipaces or parti- 

 tions, between the n wi of corn in the beds, was therefore 

 confidered as the moll fuitable and convenient ditlance. But 

 as it is obvious, that it is not necefTary to make the alleys lo 

 wide in good foils as in thofe of inferior quality, and that 

 fome forts of crops require much larger fpaces than others ; 

 the intelligent hufbandman fliould always decide what 

 breadth is tlie moll proper in difterent cafes, and for different 

 pui-pofes ; one circunillance mull, however, be duly attended 

 to, which is, that wide alleys are more eafily and much bet- 

 ter tlirrcd between than thofe that are narrower ; for, when 

 an alley is wide, the large furrow in the middle of it may 

 be cut deep, there being then futiicient room to turn the 

 eanh over towards the rows, while, on the contrary, the earth 

 where alleys are narrow cannot be llirred deep enough, nor 

 can room be found for what is turned over out of the fur- 

 rows, without danger of burying fome part of the rows of 

 corn or other crops that may be cultivated. In hoeing thefe 

 fpaces the whole of them is not to be llirred, cither with the 

 Jllough or cultivator, vi-hen the crop appears ; neither of 

 thefe" inllruments fhould go too near the rows of corn or 

 other crop, for fear of rooting up the rows of corn or young 

 plants ; but a flip of earth, about fix inches wide, is diredted 

 ro be left untouched on the outfide of each bed, by which 

 means the part of the alley that is to be itirred will be re- 

 duced to the breadth of three feet ; and even that fpace is 

 leifcned in the tirll ploughing before winter by a deep fur- 

 row, which is then cut clofe to, and all along thofe fix-inch 

 jlips, and the earth taken out of each furrow is thrown into 

 the great furrow in the middle of the alley, which it fills and 

 arches up. Thefe two fide-furrows make together a breadth 

 «)f about eighteen inches, and confequently leave, in the 

 middle of the alley, a fpace of about eighteen inches more, 

 on which is heaped up the earth thrown out of the two fur- 

 rows ; and thus the alleys are to remain during winter. 

 By the firll hoeing in the fpring, the earth heaped up in the 

 TiiJdle of the alleys is to be turned back towards the rows of 

 corn. The two firrrows that were opened before winter are 

 tlv.vi filled up, and a new one is cut in the middle of the 

 slley. This bufinefs may be very eafily performed with the 

 coramon plough ; two turns of that inllrument being fre- 

 quently fuiKcieut fur the purpofe, one on each fide of the 

 alley, as near as pofiible to the beds. But when thefe two 

 turns are not fufficient to form the furrows pertetlly, or 

 where too much earth remains between it and the bed, a 

 third turn becomes necefTary, and fometimcs a fourth, in 



order to hollow the middle furrow as it ought to be 



When this work is performed with the cultivator with two 

 mould-boards, the inftrument mull be placed in the middle 

 of the alley, and the horfes in one of the two furrows ; the 

 fhare readily entering a great depth into the eaith, which 

 was laid there by the laft hoeing before winter, the horfes ad- 

 vancing, the rid fe of the earth is divided into two parts, and 

 fills up the furrov.s that were made before winter, on each 



ALL 



fide of tl..- alley, clofe to the beds. Thus, tlie high furrow 

 in the mivldle of the alley may be opened, and the whole 

 operat on performed by a iingle tur,i «f the cultivator ; by 

 which lo nnicli time and labour is faved, that the tV.nricrmay 

 afford one or two llirrings more in the fummer, which will 

 be of great utility in many cales. See Cultivatur, 

 HoksE-HOFiNC, and Dri I-l -HV sbanury. 



Ai-i.ii Y, in PerfpiCli'Vc, is that which islarger at the entrance 

 than at the exit ; to give it the greater appearance of Ungtli. 



ALLEYN, Edv.ard, m liiop-aphy, a celebrated come- 

 dian, was born in London in 1566, and tiained at an early 

 period to the llage, for which he was naturally qualified by 

 a ilately port and afpeft, corporal agility, flexjble genius^., 

 lively temper, retentive memory, and fluent elocution. Be- 

 fore the year 1 592 he ieems to have acquired a very confi- 

 derable degree 01 popularity in his profcilion ; he was one of 

 the original aftors in the plays of Shakfpeare, and a princi- 

 pal performer in fome of thofe of jonfon ; but it does not 

 now appear what were the characters v/hich he perfonated. 

 They were probably the moll dignified and majcflic, for to 

 thefe the portly and graceful figure of his perfon was wcE 

 adapted. At length he became mailer of a company of 

 players, and the proprietor of a play-hjufe, called the For- 

 tune, which he erefted, at his own expeuce, near White- 

 crofs-llreet ; and he was alfo joint proprietor and mailer of 

 the Royal Bear-Gardcn, on the Bank-fide, in Souliiwark. 

 By the profits accruing from thefe occupations, added to his. 

 paternal inheritance, and to the dowries of his two wives, by 

 whom he had no children, he araaffed a confiderabk pro- 

 perty, Vvhich he bellowed in a manner that has redounded 

 more to his honour than his profellional merit. The wealth 

 thus acquired enabled him to lay the foundation of a college, 

 for the maintenance of aged people, and the education of 

 children, at Dulwich, in Surry, which inftitution, called,. 

 " The College of God's Gift," fubfills at this time in an 

 improved and profperous Hate. The liberal founder, before 

 he was 48 years of age, began this building after the defign^ 

 and under the direftion, of Inigo Jones : and it is prefumed 

 that he expended ciglrc or ten thoufand pounds upon the 

 college, chapel, &c. before the buildings and gardens were i 

 finiflicd, which was about the year 1617. It is hardly ne- \ 

 celTary to mention a fabulous tradition concerning tlie origin 

 of this college, recorded by Mr. Aubrey. The idle tradi- 

 tion, which deferves no credit, and needs no confutation, re- 

 ports, that jVIr. Alleyn, " playing a dxrnon, with fix others, 

 iu one of Shakfpeare's plavs, was in the midll of the play 

 furprifed by the apparition of the devil, which fo worked on 

 his fancy, that he made a vow, which he performed at this ■ 

 place." After the founder had built this college, he met. 

 with difficulties in obtaining a charter for fettling his lands in 

 mortmain, that he might endow it, as he propofcd, with 

 800I. per annum, for the fupport and maijitenancc of one 

 mafler, one warden, and four fellows, three of whom were 

 to be ecclcfiaftics, and the other a {l.:ilful organift ; alfo fix 

 poor men, as many women, and twelve poor boys, who 

 were to be maintained and educated till the age of 14 or id- 

 years, and then put out to honell trades and callings. The 

 mailer and warden were to be unmamed, and always to be of 

 the name of Allen or Alleyn. At length the oppofition of 

 the Lord Chancellor Bacon was overcome, and Alleyn's be- 

 nefaflion obtained the royal licence, and he had full power 

 granted him to cllablilh his foundation, by his Maielly's let- 

 ters patent, under the great feal, bearing date June 2 i, 1619. 

 When the college was finilhed, the fou.ider and his wife re- 

 fided in it, and conformed iu even' refpeft to the regulations 

 ellabliflied for the government of his almoners. Having, 

 by his will, liberally provided for his widow, and for found- 

 ing 20 alms-houfes, 10 in the parifli of St. Botolphj with- 

 3 out 



