A L I, 



In tliofe times of anarchy and difordcr, which became 

 general in Europe after the death of Charlemagne, it be- 

 came nccefTary for every man to have a powerful proteAor, 

 under whofe banner he might range himftlf, and obtain 

 fecurity againll enemies whom he could not fingly oppoie. 

 For this rcafon he relinqnilhed his allodial independence, 

 and fubjec'led himfelf to the feudal fen-ices, that he might 

 find fafety under the patronage of feme rcfpeflable fupc- 

 rior. In fome parts of Europe this change from allodial to 

 feudal property became fo general, that he who pofTclled 

 land had no longer any liberty of choice left. He was 

 obliged to recognize fome liege lord, and to hold of him. 

 Upon this principle was formed the maxim, which, at 

 length, became general in the law of France, " NuUe terre 

 Cans feigneur." During the 9th, loth, and great part of 

 the I ith century, the property in the province of Langue- 

 doc feems to have been entirely allodial ; and during thefe 

 centuries, the flate of property feems to have been alike in 

 Catalonia and the country of RouffiUon. In the Low 

 Countries allodial property continued to a later period ; for 

 during the I Ith, 12th, and 13th centuries, this fpecies of 

 property appears to have been of confiderable extent. Some 

 velliges of it appear there as late as the 14th century. It 

 appears alfo by feveral facts, that allodial property fubiilled 

 in dilTerent parts of Europe long after the introduction of 

 feudal ter.urcs. Whilil fome pcrfons were fond of relin- 

 quifhing this kind of p^-ipe-'y, in ower to hold it by feudal 

 Tr:y.:rc, others were fohcitous to convert their fiefs into 

 allodial property ; of which initances occur in a charter of 

 Louis leDcbonnaire, again in 1299, and folate as the year 



In Italy, allodial property continued longer in eftimation 

 tlian in France. Many of the cliarters granted by the em- 

 perors in the 9th centur)', conveyed an allodial right to 

 land. But in the i ith centur)', there are found examples 

 of perfons who refigucd their allodial property, and received 

 it back as a feudal tenure. In Germany, the imperial vaffals 

 did not afpire io early to independence as in Fiance, nor 

 did they fo foon obtain the privilege of obtaining their be- 

 nefices by hereditary right. Conrad II. or the Sahc, who 

 began his reign A. D. 1024, is faid to have been the firft 

 emperor who rendered fiefs hereditary. In Germany, as 

 well as in France and Italy, a confiderable part of the lands 

 continued to be allodial long aft^r the feudal mode of tenure 



was introduced. Robertfon's Charles V. vol. i. p. 255 



Hume's Hift. vol. ii. p. 106. 8vo. 



All the lands in England, except the crown-lands in the 

 king's own hands, in right of his crown, are of the nature 

 of FEUDUM, or FEE ; for although many have lands by 

 defcent from their anccftors, and others have bought land. 

 It cannot come to any either by defcent or purchafe, but 

 with the burden that was laid upon him who had novel-fee, 

 or firft of all received it from his lord ; fo that there is no 

 perfon hath dire^iim dominimii, i. e. the very property 

 or demefne in any lands, but the king in right of his 

 crown. 



The origin of the word is controverted. Caffcneuve fays, 

 it is almoft as obfcure as the head of the Nile. There are 

 few of the European languages, from which one etymo- 

 logift or other has not derived it ; yet fome, not im- 

 probably, take it for a pi-imitive French word without 

 etymon. 



Wachter (Gloflar.Germanic voc. Allodium) makes it a com- 

 pound of the German particle an and lot, i. e. land obtained 

 fcy lot ; and it appears from the authorities cited by him, and 



ALL 



by Du Gauge (vcc./o/v) that the northern nations divide^! 

 the lands which they conquered in this manner. 



BoUandus explains allodium, to be pndium, feu qu£v\s 

 poffejfio libera, jiirifque proprii, Sif non in feudairx clientelari 

 os:ere accepta. 



After the conquctl of the Gauls, the lands were divided 

 in two ways ; "vix.. into benefices, beneficia ; and allodia. — 

 Benefices confiHed in lands given by the king to his officers 

 and fuldlcrs ; either for life, or for a time fixed. See Be- 



NEFlCIUM. 



Allodia, or alleuds, were fuch lands as were left in pro- 

 perty to the ancient poffenbrs ; fo that land poflcifcd in pro- 

 perty, which is mentioned in the law of Charlemagne, was, 

 according to the ilile of that age, allodial land ; alodes and 

 proprielas, alodium and proprium being terms perfectly fyno- 

 iiimous. The clearcil proof of the diftinftion between al- 

 lodial and beneficiai-y poffeflion is contained in two charters, 

 publilhed by iVIuratorl, by which it appears that a perfoii 

 might poffefs one part of his eftate as allodial, v.hicli he 

 could difpofe of at pleafure, the other as a beneficiuin, of 

 which he had only the ufutruft, the property returning to 

 the fuperior lord on his demile. Antiq. Ital. medii xvi, vol. i. 

 p. 5 59. 565. The fame diilinftion is pointed out in a ca- 

 pitulare of Charlemagne, A.D. 8 1 2. Edit. Buluz. vol. i. 

 p. 491. In the curious teilament of Count Evcrard, who 

 married a daughter of Louis le Dcbonnaire, by which he 

 difpofes of his eftate amo:;g his children, he diftinguilTics 

 between what he pofTefTcd proprietate, and what he heid 

 bencficio, and it appears that the greater part was allodiaL 

 A. D. 837. Aub. Miraei Opera Diplomatica, Lovan. 

 1723. p. 19. See Robertfon's Hift. Charles V. vol. i. 



The fixty-fecond title of the Salic law, is de allodiis : 

 where the word fignifies hereditary lands, or thofe derived 

 from a man's anccllors. Whence allodium and pairimonium 

 are frequently ufed indifcriminately. 



In the ancient cspitulars of Charlemagne, and his fuc- 

 ceffors, we find allodium conftantly oppofcd to fee ; but, to- 

 ward the period of the fccond race of kings, it lofl th« 

 prerogative ; the feudal lords obliged the proprietors of al- 

 lodial lands to hold of them for the future. The fame 

 change alfo happened in Germany, &c. 



In the cuftomar)- laws of France, we find mention made 

 of two kinds of allodiums, "n/s. 



Allodium nobile, aleu noble, that to which juflitia or 

 jurifdiclion was annexed ; and which was alfo free from all 

 homage and fervice. 



Allodium villaniim, aleu raturier, that to which no jiirif- 

 diftion was annexed. 



ALLOGIA, in Antiquity, denote winter-quarters ap- 

 pointed for the foldiery. 



Some will have the word of French origin, from logement ; 

 others, with more probabihty, from the Italian alloggio, 

 formed of locus, place. 



ALLOISI, Baldassare, called Galanino, in Bio- 

 grapl.y, an eminent painter, was born at Bologna, in 1578, 

 and educated in the celebrated fchool of the Caracci, wliofe 

 ftyle he retained in all his compofitions. Being of a melan- 

 choly difpofition and fond of retirement, he devoted hinv- 

 felt to the ftudy of his art ; but by his attachment to foii- 

 tude, he became fo indigent as to be under a necefliLy of 

 procuring a fubnftence by painting portraits. In this de- 

 partment of his proftflion he excelled to fuch a degree, as 

 to gain very high efteem, not only for ftriking refemblance, 

 and the beauty of his colouring, but for a new and unufuil 



boldnefs 



