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in,7 their efforts. At length, however, they difcovercd t!ie 

 co.iil of Peru, and landed ;it Tiimbcz, a place of fome note, 

 about three dt);iecs Couth of the line, dillin;^ui(hcd for its 

 ftutcly temple, and a palace of the Incas, or fovercijjns of 

 llie country. Having in I52t! fettled fome preliminaries, 

 and adjuilcd among ihenifelvcs that Piz^irro fiiould claim the 

 llation of governor, Almagro that of lieutenant governor, 

 and Luqne the dignity of bidiop in the country which they 

 determined to conquer, Pizarro was deputed as their agent 

 to Spam, in order to negociate and to obtain further powers 

 and tupplies. In this negociation Pizarro, principally con- 

 cerned about his own intcreil, neglected his alTociates ; and 

 though he obtained for Luciue the ecclefiaftical dignity to 

 which he alpired, bccaufe it did not interfere with his own 

 pretenfions, he claimed for Almagro only the command of 

 the fortrefs which flionld be erefted at Tunibez. On his 

 return from Spain and arrival at Panama in 1530, he found 

 Almagro fo much exafperated at the manner in which he 

 h id conducted t!;e negociation, that he refufed to aft with 

 fuch a perfidious companion, and determined to form a new 

 alTociatian. Pizarro, however, temporized for the prefent ; 

 and by offering voluntarily to relinquifh the office of Adelan- 

 tado, and promifing to concur in foliciting that title, with 

 an independent government for Almagro, he gradually mi- 

 tigated the rage of an open-hearted foldicr, which had been 

 violent, but was not implacable. The confederacy was again 

 renewed on its original terms ; and it was agreed, that the 

 enterprife Ihould be carried on at the common expencc of 

 the alTociates, and that the profits accruing from it fliouId 

 be equally divided between them. With an armament of 

 three fmall veflels, and 180 foldiers, Pizarro failed for Peru 

 in February 153 1, leaving Almagro at Panama with inftruc- 

 tions to follow him v.-ith fuch reinforcement as he fhould be 

 able to mufter. Having fucceeded in the province of Coaque, 

 and obtained from a principal fettlement of the natives rich 

 fpoil, he inftantly difpatched one of his iliips to Panama, 

 with a large remittance to Almagro, by which means he 

 was enabled to complete his reinforcement, which almoft 

 doubled the number of Pizarro's followers, and to laud with 

 them at St. Michael towards the clofe of the year 1532. 

 The Inca Ahatualpa was now in the hands of the Spaniards, 

 and when they had received the fum which had been paid 

 lV)r his ranfom, Almagro and his followers demanded an 

 equal (hare of it ; and in order to fecure this objeit, they 

 eagerly infilled on putting the Inca to death. Accord- 

 ingly he was tried and executed. Ferdinand Pizarro was de- 

 puted to fail for Spain with an account of the fuccefs of 

 the adventurers, and with remittances of great value ; in 

 confeqaence of which his brother's authority was confirmed 

 and enlarged, and Almagro received the honour wliich he 

 had fo long defired. The title of Adelantado, or governor, 

 was conferred upon him, with iurirdiftion over 200 leap-ucs 

 of countiy, ftretching beyond the limits of the province 

 allotted to Pizarro. As foon as Almagro was informed, 

 that he had obtained the royal grant of an independent go- 

 vernment, he attempted to make himfelf mailer of Cuzco, 

 the imperial refidence of the Incas, under a pretence that it 

 lay within the boundaries of his territory. This produced 

 new diffenfions between him and Pizarro ; but a new recon- 

 ciliation took place, to which was annexed a condition, 

 that Almagro Ihould attempt the conquell of Chili, and 

 that if this province did not afford an ellablilhment which 

 he thought adequate to his merit and expeclation, Pizarro 

 engaged to yield up to him a part of Peru. Almagro in 

 ^1535 began his march towards Chili, at the head of 570 

 fccD, and herp-he fuffercd by purfuing a wrong route very 



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great hardfiiips and loffes. Whilil he was contending with 

 a more vigorous refillance than the Spaniards had experi- 

 enced in other countries, and purfuing his conqutfls, he was 

 recalled to Peru by the intelligence that Cuzco, as well as 

 Lima, were invelled by the natives, who had alfembled in 

 great numbers to refcue themfelves from their opprcfTor?. 

 In order to liaften his return he purlued a new route; and 

 in marching tlirongh the fandy plains on the coaft, he luffercd 

 from heat and drought calamities, though of a difiercnt 

 kind, little inferior to thofe in v.hich he had been involved 

 by cold and famine on the fummits of the Andes. He ar- 

 rived at Cuzco in a critical moment, and refolvcd to occupy 

 the place both againll the Indians and his Spanifh rivals, 

 who were preparing to iupplant him. Having gained a deci- 

 five victory over the Peruvians, he proceeded to the gates of 

 Cuzco without further inten'uption ; but the Pizarros at- 

 tempted to obllruft his entry. Almagro, however, whofc 

 open, affable, generous temper, had gained an acceflion 

 of many adherents of the Pizarros, who were difgulled with 

 their harfh domineering manners, advanced towards the city 

 by night, furprifed the fentir.els, and furrounded the houfe 

 where the two brothers refided, and compelled them, after 

 an obflinate defence, to furrender at difcretion. Alma- 

 gro's claim of jurifditlion over Cuzco was univerfallj ac» 

 knowlcdged, and a form of adrainiftration eflablifhed jn his 

 name. This event was the commencement of a civil war ; 

 and it was foon followed by more bloody fcenes. In the firlt 

 attack of a body of foldiers, deputed by Francis Pizarro for 

 the relief of his brothers, and w.iioh were commanded by 

 Alonfo de Alvarado, whole fidelity Almagro in vain endea- 

 voured to corrupt, Almagro fucceeded,and took the comman- 

 der and his principal officers prifoners ; but neglefting to im- 

 prove the advantages he had gained, he marched back from 

 this vidlory to Cuzco, and there waited the approach of 

 Pizarro. Pizarro pratlifed his ufual artifice, and Almagro 

 was weak enough to fuffer himfelf to be amuftd with a^ 

 profpeft of terminating their differences by amicable accom-j 

 modation. The negociation between them was protracted," 

 and whilll ever)' day was precious to Almagro, feveral months 

 elapfcd before they came to any final agreement. In the 

 mean while one of the Pizarros and Alvarado found means 

 to bribe the foldiers to whofe cuftody they were committed, 

 and not only fecured their own efcape, but perfuaded 60 of 

 the men who had ;^uarded them to accompany them in their 

 flight. The other Pizarro was alfo releafed by the governor. 

 Whilft Almagro was thus deluded by a pretended treaty, 

 Pizarro was preparing for open hoftihty, and he determined 

 to fettle the dominion of Peru, not by negociation, but by 

 arms. In 1538 an army of 500 men was ready to march for 

 Cuzco ; and Almagro, inflead of obftrufting their progrefs 

 in the difficult paffes of the mountains through which they 

 inarched, waited their arrival in the plains of Cuzco. When 

 the two armies met, Almagro, worn out with the fatigues 

 of fervice and declining with age, was unable to exert his ufnal 

 aftivity ; and obliged to commit the conduci of his troops 

 to Orgognez, who, though an officer of great merit, did 

 not poffefs the fame afccndant either over the fpirit or affec- 

 tions of the foldiers, as the chief whom they had been long 

 accullomed to follow and revere. The contlicT; was fierce, 

 and maintained by each party v.'ith equal courage. Orgog- 

 nez was vi"ounded, and the rout of Almagro's troops became 

 general. This officer and feveral others were maffacred in 

 cold blood, and above 140 foldiers fell in the field. Almagro 

 anxioufly obferved from an eminence, to which he was 

 conveyed on a htter, the progrefs of the battle, and wlien 

 he witneffed the total defeat of his ov/n troops, he felt 

 6 Vhe 



