A I- T 



wards rebuilt and fiirroundcd with walls. It is the port of 

 the Danilh Euft-India Company ; half a league well of Ham- 

 burg. North lat. 54". Well long. 9° 39'. 



Altena, a town of Flanders, five Icajjucs north-eaft of 

 Dendermond. 



ALTENAU, a fniall mine-town of Germany, in the 

 principality of Grubenhagen, fitiinte in the Hartz foreil, 

 near tlie foiirce of the Ockcr, and Ainoiinded by nijj;tre(l 

 mountains and roeks, light miles fouth of Godar. In this 

 town there is a houfe for fmclting liber. 



A LTE N BEC KEN, or A lt 1' n D k . k v, s , a town of Ger- 

 many, in the circle of Weilphalia, and biihopric of Pader- 

 born, three miles eall of Lipi'pring. 



ALTENBF. RG, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 

 Stiria, eight miles fouth of Weitlburg. 



Altenberg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Erz- 

 gebirg, and prefedurate of Altenberg. It is a mine-town, 

 and tlie tin fupplied by it is reckoned the beft next to that 

 of the Englilh and Boliemian. The tin mine was difcovered 

 in 1+58. Great quantities of lace are wove here. It has 

 repeatedly fuftered much from lire. 



AETENBURG, O-var, a fmall well-built town of 

 Hungary, with a caftle ftanding on a fmall branch of tlie 

 Danube and Leitha, and fecured by deep and wide moats. 

 It has an annual fair, which lails a week. It is 17 miles 

 fouth of Freiburg, and 40 fouth-eail of Vienna. North lat. 

 47" 56'. Eall long: 23° 15'. 



Altenburg, a town of Germany, in'the duchy of Stiria, 

 on the Sann, eight miles fouth-fonth-well of Windidi Grat/.. 



Altenburg, or Oldenburg, a town of Germany, in 

 the duchy of HoUlein, on a river which runs into tlic Baltic, 

 about three leagues to the eall, 19 leagues north-call of 

 Hamburg. North lat. 54^^ 18'. Eall long. n° 4'. 



Altenburg, a towa of Germany, in the circle of Upper 

 Saxony, anciently called Pl'ifnc, the capital of a ])rlncipality 

 of the fame name. It is large and populous, and has a caftle 

 feated on a rock, which was the rclidence of the former 

 eleilors and dukes. It was anciently an imperial city, and 

 the capital of the country of PleifTen. In this town are a 

 place of education for young ladies of decayed families, a 

 houfe belonging to the Teutonic order, a gynnafium illullre 

 founded in lyo^, with a good mufeum and libraiy, an or- 

 phan houfe, and a houfe of correftion. It is 20 miles fouth 

 of Leipfic, and 52 weft of Drefdcn. North lat. 50° 59'. 

 Eaft long. 12° 52'. The principality of Altenburg is a part 

 of the ancient Ofterlands ; and the foil is very fertile in corn, 

 and affords good pafture. It has large breeds of horfes, and 

 plenty of wood ; and its mines yield copper and cobalt, and 

 other minerals. The dates of this principality arc divided 

 into thofe of the Altenburg, Snalfeld and Eifenbtrg circles, 

 and confift of the nobility and towns of theie three diftricts. 

 Their provincial meetings are held at Altenburg. The re- 

 ligion of the country is Lutheranifin. 



Altenburg, a town in the circle of the ITpper Rhine, 

 and biftiopric of Spire, two miles north-weft of Brul'chal, and 

 nine fouth-fouth-eail of Spire. 



Altenburg, a town in the circle of the Upper Rhine, 

 two miles north-weft of Wetzlar, and tw^o north-eaft of 

 Eraunfels. 



Altenburg, a town in the county of Tyrol, nine miles 

 jiorth-eall of Glurns. 



Altenburg, a fmall village of SwifTerland above Brnck, 

 in the canton of Bern, iituate on tlie river Aar, and known 

 by its Roman antiquities, and the ruins of Cajlrum Vituknif- 

 fcnfe. 



Altenburg, a town in the archduchy of Auftria, two 

 miles fouth-weft of Horn. 



Vol. I. 



A L 1" 



Af.TFNBi'RG, Tfutscii, a town in the arehJutliy of 



Auftria, near 1 lainburg. 



ALTENH.XEEN, a town of Germany, in Carinthia, 

 with a citadel on the Gurck, four miles north from S. Vrit. 



ALTENHO\EN, a town of the aiehduchy of Aullria, 

 on the Danul)e, four leagues call of Lintz. 



ALTENKIRCHEN, a town of the circle of Wcftpha- 

 lia, and coimty of Sayn, in the prcfeclunilc of the fame name } 

 both which are fiels of the eledor of Cologn. It is 1 j 

 miles north-north-call of Coblentz. North lat. 50° 38'. Eall 

 •""5- 7'' 2-'- 



Altenkirciien, is alfo a town of the circle of Upper 

 Saxony, in the ifland of Rugen, 16 miles north of Bergen. 



ALTENMARlvT, a town of Germany, in the duchy 

 of Stiria, 14 miles north-iaft of Rottenmann. — Alfo, a town 

 of the archduchy of Auftria, four miles fouth-weft of Baden. 

 Alfo, a town of the fame archduchy, 24 miles eall of Stey- 

 rcgg, and 58 weft of Vienna — Alfo, a town of the circle of 

 Upper Bavaria, on the river Al/a, and near Raftadt. 



ALTENRIFl", a town of SwilTerland, in the canton of 

 Friburg, fix miles fouth of Gruyeres. 



ALTENSOLEN ijlaml, lies eaftward of the fouth point 

 of Maggeroe illand, on the coall of Norway, has a good 

 road and (hcltcr for all winds, and alfords a paffage for 

 fliips to tea norlhwafd, without g'ling round the cape. It 

 is about 3° eaft from Surroy ifland. North lat. 71'^. Eall 

 long. 26°. 



ALTENSPACH, a town of Germany in Swabia, be- 

 tween tlie lakes of Coiiilancc and of Zell. 



ALTENSTADT, a market town in a pitfeiflurate of the 

 fame name, of Ulm in Germany, feated on the Fils, and an- 

 ciently belonging to the counts of Spitzenberg. 



ALTENSTEIG, a town cf Germany, in the duchy of 

 Wurtcmberg, Iituate on the Schwarzwalde, 24 miles fouth- 

 weft of Stntgart, and 32 eaft of Stralburg. North lat. 48' 

 31'. Eaft long. 8^ 2y'. 



ALTENWIED, a town in the circle of the Lower 

 Rhine, in the aichbilliopric of Cologn, 15 miles north 

 of Coblentz, 5 eaft of Lintz, and 26 fouth-call of 

 Cologn. 



ALTERANT, or Alterative, in Medicine, a pro- 

 perty or power, in certain remedies, whereby they induce 

 an alteration in the body, and difpofe it for health and reeo- 

 very, by correfting fonie iiidifpofition, without occalloning 

 any feiifible operation. 



Alteratives, therefore, muft generally be cither fuch re- 

 medics as dellroy fome prevailing acrimony in the />i-iiii^ vite, 

 or virus lurking in the fluids ; or, as many believe, correCl 

 various acrimonies difperfed through the mafs of the blood ; 

 or elle fucii as refolve indurations, or calc'ulous concretions, 

 and prepare them when thus refolvcd, to pafs out of the 

 bodv, by the common emundlories, without the fatii til' t being 

 confdous of any important evacuation. 



Alteratives may be claffed under three heads, viz. 



1. Such as fubdue virus, or, as many call it, morlijic mat- 

 ter, in the whole fyftem or a part of it. When the venereal 

 virus or adlion is fubdiied or removed by mercury, or when 

 fcrofulous or cancerous acrimonies, as they are called, are 

 correcled by internal remedies, they fumilli inllances of this 

 clafs. To the fame head might, perhaps, be referred the 

 cure of all animal poifons ; the vegetable and mineral ones 

 commonly require ivacuanis rjfo. 



2. Such as change the ipiality or texture of the blood it- 

 felf, and often fome of the fecretions from it. Thefe re- 

 medies are generally to be fought lor in diet and regimen, 

 together with thofe medicines called Tonics ; fuch as bark 

 and Heel. Sonu; phyfiologifts however believe that the blood 



5 G can 



