A L V 



on, the neck of tlie iipp? r j.ludcl being either nopiie.l « hh 

 a cork or covered with an impcrfornteil capital. See Clie- 

 miib^S I'late iii. fig. 14. A, the cucurbit, U, a feries of alu- 

 dels, C, the capital. It was in an apparat.,? of this kind, 

 that thofe cryftalhnc fublimates formerly call.d Roivcr', as 

 flowers of lulphur, of arfenic, of Bcn70c, >'?;c. ufed to be 

 prepared, when each clicniiil and driig},'ill maiiufaaured 

 tlicle articles for his own ufc : but fince the Ihops have been 

 lupphed for the moft part from large wholefalo laboratories, 

 the aludel, together with varou ; other vtliels, has been dil- 

 carded, and its place fupplitd by apparatus of more limplicity 

 and greater expedition. 



ALVEARK, in Coiu-holo^y, 3 fpecics of Trochus, 

 with a plicated nodulofe (hell, llriated traiifvcrfely, and 

 adorned with hands of concatenated points, fiiniiel.niaiJcd um- 

 l;iliei!s, and creiuilated cohin-.clla. Jt is found in India ; the 

 fliell is coloured with a iniKture of green and white, within 

 pearly, and lir.ely annulated. 



ALVEAKIUM, in yfm,tomy, the bottom of the cj.^:./.,;, 

 or hollow of the auricle, or outer ear. 



The iihdarium auriculie is a cavity, terminating at the 

 .uus auditorhi.r, wherein that bitter ycUowilh excrement is 

 ivCted called cn-wnen, or ear-wax. 

 ■V'-VEARiuM alio fignifics a bee-hive. 

 ■Hii; word is.formed of rt/mi..r, ?i char.tifl, or cavity ; in al- 

 ..-•Aon tj the alveoli, or cells, in bee-hives. 



Some ot the ancients ul'e alfo the word nlvearliim for a 

 . e-houfe, more ufually called among us apiary. 

 Alvkarium is foraetimes alfo ufed figuratively, to denote 

 a coll>;clicn. 



In which feiife, nhearlum amounts to much the fame with 

 w'.in.t we otherwiie call thejaums, conwcfla, or tjie like. 

 Vine. Roreas h;>s puUlillicd an al-uearlum of law. 



ALVI'lHEZIT, -Axaawf^ Arnbliin Writers, denotes what 

 T.ve ordinan'v call fallmg-Jlars, or star-shot. 



AL\ENSLEBEN, in Geography, a bailiwick of Mag- 

 deburg, in Germany. 



ALVEOLATE, in Botany, a term ufed in the fame 

 fenfe with favolum, or honey-combed, to exprels a part that 

 ii furrowed by oblong deprefllons. 



ALVEOLI, in Anatomy, thofe little fockets in the jaws 

 w.'Iierein the teeth are fet. 



The alveoli are lined with a membrane of exqiiifite fenfe, 

 which feems to be nei-vous, and is wrapt about the roots of 

 each tooth ; from whence, and from the nerve, proceeds that 

 pain called odonlalgy, or tooth-ach. Of thefe alveoli there 

 are ufually 16 in each jaw. 



Alveoli is more cfpecially ufed, among Naturalljls, for 

 thofe waxen cells in the combs of bees, wherein their honey 

 is depofited. 



ALVEOI>US, Nautilus Orthocera of the Linnsan 

 fyftem, in Natural Hljlory, the name of a marine bodv, 

 found frequently fofTile, fomttimes lodged in the cavity at 

 the end of the Iclcmnltit, and fometimes loofe ; and in this 

 lall cafe, often fo large, that we cannot luppole any bdemnlix 

 ever to have exifted lo large as to liave been able to contain 

 it. We do not meet with thefe at this day in their recent 

 ilate, but what we find of them foffile are ever large at one 

 end, and tapering to a point at the other, and arc compofed 

 of feveral hemifpheric cells, like fo many bce-Iiives jointed 

 into cue another, and having Vi fiphunculus, or pipe of com- 

 munication, like that in the thick na:.. lus. Thcfc arc 

 lometimcs found perfedl and whole, but much more fre- 

 •juently truncated, or wanting a part of their fmaller end. 

 Klein. 



ALVERD, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the pro- 

 vince of Taberillan, 20 leagues fuuth-fouth-well of Feiabad. 

 Vol. L 



ALU 



AI.VERXO, I mountain of Ii.ily, in the duchjr of 

 Tufcanv, 10 miles north of Borjfo San Sepnlchro. 



ALVEUOA, a fnmll town of Portufral in Eftremi- 

 diira, containing, wiijiin a dirtrifl of one j.ari(li, about 400 

 houfes, two leagues from Lifbon. 



ALUE.S1",N, in Uoiany, a name uftd by fomc for the 

 pu.eihinum, or h!,g '/- r m s r L . 



ALVEUS properly drnotra a channel. 



Alvei's is applied, by fomc Analomlh, to the tumid l.ic- 

 teal branches aiiliag from the receplarulum d.-yli under ihc 

 illaphrug m. 



Alveus is alfo ufed in AnilquUy, to denotes fmall vcflel, 

 or boat, made out of the trunk of a fingle tree, by boring or 

 cutting it hollow. 



Such was that wherein Romulus and Remus are faid t« 

 have been cxpofcd. 



ALX'inONA, in Geography, a fmall i)laee of Naples, 

 in Calab-ia Citra, nine miles north-ialt of C^jflano. 



ALVIDUCA, compounded of n.V.v/ and lyu^o, I ih.tw, 

 openers of the belly, in the Materia Me:li:n, a term ufed 

 by fome writers for laxative or purgative medicinei. 



ALX'IGNANO, in Geography, a town of Naples, ia 

 the country of Lavora, loi miles caR of Capua. 



AL\ ri'O, a town of Naples, in the country of Lavora, 

 fix miles call of Sora. 



Alvito isalfoa fm.iUtown of I?ortug.il,in the province of 

 Alentejo, containing about 20CO inhabitants, and a barony. 



ALULA no//'rt y<u^i/r/Vj, bailaid or fpurious wing, in 

 Ornithology, is a kind of a|)pendage to the true and principal 

 wing, placed near its outer extremity, at the bafe of the 

 primary quill-feathers, and confills of from three to five fmall 

 feathers of the quill kind. 



ALIIM, ores of, in Mlnernlngy, Under this head we in- 

 clude all thofe minerals which either contain alum ready 

 f jrnied, or are capable of yielding this fait by the proccli 

 of manufacture. They may be conveniently di ided into 

 three families, i. The faline, all the fpecies • f w!iith aie 

 almoft wholly foluble in water; 2. The earth) -f dine, in 

 which the foluble particles are difTuled through a large pro- 

 portion of earth ; ^. The earthy, which containing no alum 

 but only the materials of it, are infoluble and deftitute of 

 that fweetilli aftringent tafte, which is chai-atlcrillic of the 

 two former. 



J. Family — Saline. Tafte aluminous, almod wholly 

 foluble in water. 



Species i. Capillary alum yilrlolum halolrlehiim, Wct- 



ner.—Nanrfiiltz, Germ. — Termes tlmfo. Hung. 



The colour of capillary alum is either pure or yellowifli 

 white, palling into ifabella yellow and grey, upon cxpofure 

 to the air- It occurs in long very tender capillary crjllali 

 accumulated on an earthy bafe, or amorphous or tooth- 

 fliaped. Its external lurtre is glaffy and generally glimmer* 

 ing, advancing fometimes to the little-lhining, in the pure 

 wliite varieties approaching more or Icfs to the mother of 

 pearl lulire ; internally it is ftiiniiig or llttlc-ftiining with a 

 glaffy Inftre. The amoi-phous has a fine, ilrait or cur\-ed 

 fibrous frafture. It flies, when broken, into indetcmiinatc 

 not particularly fharp fragments. It appears fometimes to 

 contain flender columnar diftinft concretions : is tranfpu- 

 rent, foft, and very brittle ; though each feparate cryflal 

 has a flight elafticity : fp. grav. according to Scopoii 

 1.8^5 : has a fweetifli allringent tuile. 



By the analyfis of Scopoli, It is foluble in three times its 

 weight of water, and confiils of alum and lulphatcd iron. It 

 is met with at Cremnitz and Chemnitz in Hungary, .illo in 

 the quick-filvcr mines of Ydria, where it has generally been 

 niiftaken for white vitriol. 



5 I Speciei 



