A L Y 



ftatc and condition of the faces, or excrements, contained 

 xvittiin that cavity. 



Thus, when a peifon is laxative, it is called alvus Viqv.ida ; 

 and when collive, alvus ajjlrula. 



They who are of a loofe belly in their youth are gene- 

 rally coftlve in their old age ; and they who are bound in 

 Voi»th are often loofe when old. A laxer (late in youth, 

 and rather bound than loofe in old age, is mod defirable. 



Binders of the belly are labour, fitting in a chair, fullers' 

 clay laid over the body, diminution of food, eating once a day 

 inllead of twice, little drinking, and tliat only after a full 

 meal, reft after meals. On the contrary, things which loofen 

 the belly are, walking and eating more than ufual, Rirring 

 after meat, intermixing draughts with eating, and it ought to 

 be obferved, that a vomit binds a loofe belly, and loofens a 

 bound one ; and that a vomit taken immediately after meat 

 binds the belly, but, delayed until a confiderable time after, 

 loofens the fame. CcHus. 



ALWAIDII, a feifl of Mahometans, who hold tliat all 

 great crimes are unpardonable, and the criminals reprobated 

 to eternity. The alwaidii ftand in oppofition to the morgii. 

 They attribute lefs efScacy to the true belief in the falvation 

 of men than the reft of the Muffulmen. 



ALWEIL, in Geography, a lake of Swiflerland, in the 

 canton of Bern, feven miles long, and one and a half wide, 

 feven miles fouth-eaft of Arau. 



ALWEN, a river of North Wales, which runs into the 

 Dee, feven miles north-north-eaft of Bala, in Merionethshire. 



ALWOS, a large and populous village of Hungary, on 

 the fide of the Danube, in the dillriCt of Comarro, and fa- 

 mous for an aqueduft made there in 1747. 



AL.Y ATTIS fcp-jlrhmm, in AnUqmty, the tomb, or ra- 

 ther burial-place of Alyattis, the father of Croefiis, near 

 Sardis, which was fix iladia in circumference. 



ALYBA, in Anaent Geography, a town on the eaftern 

 part of PoBtus, belonging to the Alybians, who Tnhabited 

 this coall: ; fujipofed to be the fame with the Chalybes, 

 whofe country furmlhed metals. — Alfo, a mountain of Af- 

 rica, the fame \s'ith Alyla. 



ALYCU3, a towm of Peloponnefus which was either 

 Afine of Megaris, or near it. 



ALYMNE', a town of Afia Minor, fituate towards the 

 confines of Phrygia, Caria, Lycia and Pifidia. 



ALYMOHAU, in Geography, a town of Hindoftan, in 

 the country of Guzerat, and circar of Champaneer, 100 miles 

 north-eaft of Surat, and 32 eaft-fouth-eaft of Champaneer. 



ALYPIAS, in the Materia Medica of the ancients, a 

 fpecies of turbeth, prefcribed for the purging of bile. Some 

 write the word alypon, and define it by white turbith. Galen 

 ufed alypum, aXvivoi, for a minorative, or a medicine that 

 gently purges. 



ALYPIUS of Alexamlria, in Biography, a Platonic phi- 

 lofopher, was much celebrated for the acutenefs of his ge- 

 nius, and the fubtltty with which he lectured upon the ab- 

 ftrufe fpeculations of the Platonic fchool. Jambhchus, who 

 was his contemporary, and who wrote his hfe, commends 

 him highly on acco^ant of his exemplary virtue, as well as 

 his diilinguifhed talents. His llature was very diminutive, 

 fo that he was denominated a dwarf, but his mind was pro- 

 portionably capacious ar.d fuperior. He died at Alexandria 

 in an advanced age. Gen. Diet. 



Alyp;us of AtiUoch, a geographer of the fourth century, 

 lived under the reign of Julian the apellate, and was fcnt 

 into Britain as deputy-governor, where, fays Mr. Gibbon, 

 Ids hu'.nanity was tem.pered by fevcre juilicc and manly for- 

 titude, and while he cxerciied his abilities in the civil adnii- 

 nillration of the countiy, he imitated, in his political coxnpo- 

 I 



A L Y 



fitions, the harmony and foftncfs of the odes of Sappho. To 

 Alypius, Julian entrulled the execution of his plan for re- 

 building the temple ot JernlV.lem. Ammianus Marcelliniis 

 informs us, that whilll Alypius, affifted by the governor of 

 Paleiline, urged, with vigour and diligence, the accomplifh- 

 ment of the work, horrible balls of fire breaking out near the 

 foundation, with frequent and reiterated attacks, rendered 

 the place, from time to time, inaccclhble to the feorched 

 and blafted workmen ; and the viiilorioiis clement continu- 

 ing in this manner obllinatcly and refolutely bent, as it were, 

 to drive them to a dillance, the undertaking was abandoned. 

 On this relation Mr. Gibbon, in his ufual manner, obferves, 

 that " Such authority (hould fatisfy a believing, and muft 

 alloniih an incredulous mind. Yet a philofopher may ftill 

 require the original evidence of impartial and intelligent fpecJ 

 tators. At this important crifis, any Angular accident of 

 nature would affume the appearance, and produce the ef- 

 fects of a real prodigy. This glorious deliverance would be 

 fpeediiy improved and magnified by the pious art of the 

 clergy of Jerufalem, and the active credulity of the Chriiliaii 

 world ; and, at the dillance of 20 years, a Roman hiflorian, 

 carelefs of theological difputes, might adorn his work with 

 the fpecious and fplendid miracle." The impartial enquirer 

 into the credibility of this event will derive greater fatisfac- 

 tion from the teltimonies for and againil it, cited bv Dr. 

 I,ardner, than from tlie farcaftic refletlions of this popular 

 hillorian, v.-hofe feeptieifm on the fubjedl of religion has 

 fometimes pei-verted his judgment with regard to hillorical 

 fafts. Julian's attempt for rebuilding the tem.ple, and the 

 defeat of it by divine intei-pofitlon, are mentioned by three 

 contemporary viTiters, vh. Gregory Nazianzen, Chi-yfoftom 

 and Ambrofe, bifhop of Milan, all Chriftians ; and alfo by 

 Ammianus MarccUinus, a learned heathen ; and afterwards 

 by Rufinus, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, and Philoflor- 

 gius, as well as by later writers. Some Jcwifli writers, as 

 R. David Ganfius, and R. Geddalius, have alfo been al- 

 ledged as bearing teflimony to this event. The truth of the 

 hiftory, thus confirmed, has been maintained by Fabricius, 

 Witfius, bifhop Warburton, and others of high reputation 

 in the republic of letters. Bafnage has made fome objec- 

 tions to this hiftory, and Dr. Lardner, with his ufual mo- 

 defty, has fuggetted feveral reafons for doubting its authen- 

 ticity. He firft argues, that Juli;m's own writings lead 

 us to think that he never attempted to rebuild the temple 

 at Jerufalem ; it is alfo unhkely that he fhould give or- 

 ders for this purpofe, and allot money for it out of the 

 public treafury, when he was fetting out in his exps;'!- 

 tion againft the Periians ; and though great llrefs is laid 

 upon the teftimony of Ammianus Mareellinus, a heathen, 

 and an impartial hiftorian, yet he had his account from the 

 Chriftians, which he feems to have taken up without exa- 

 mination, and it fufhciently appears from other circumttances, 

 that he was credulous ; btfides, the hiftory of this event, as 

 it is related by Chrillian writers, is loaded with miracles, or 

 pretended miracles, which appear to be incredible : nor was 

 there at that time any occafion for fuch miraculous interpo- 

 iitions. And, lallly, there are feveral Chriftian writers, who 

 have faid notliing about this attair, but who were likely to 

 have mentioned it if any thing of this kind had been done ; 

 fucu are Jerome, Prudentins and Orofius. 



"Whether Alypius was ever employed in rebuilding Hie 

 temple or not, it appears that towards the latter part of his 

 life, he was accuicd, with others, of practifing magic. 

 Hierocles, his fon, was condemned to death, and he himielf 

 fuffered confifcation and banifhment. They were charged 

 with adminiftering poifon ; but Ammianus rcprefcnts their 

 fuftering as unjuil. Alypius was the author of a treatiie 



in 



