A L Y 



•in geographr, of w'.ilch Julian >■ aks favourably j liut it is 

 probably lolt. Another trcai- puWifhcd by Godfrcv, in 

 Greek and L,...'r,i, under the (ik of •' A Defcrlplion of the 

 Old World," .a 4to. at Gci.eva, in 1628, was probably not 

 the work of Alypius, though fome have afciibed it to him, 

 becaufe the author fpcako of Britain from report, and not 

 from his own obfervation. Th's work is thought to have 

 been written in the reigns of the emperors Conllantiiis and 

 Conftans. Ammian. NIarc. 1. xxiii. c. 1. I. xxix, c. i. 

 Lardner's Works, vol. viii. p. 377—391. Gibbon's Hill." 

 vol. iv. p. 105 — 109. Svo. 



Alvpius of T.JgaJla, a town of Africa, was the intimate 

 friend of Ausruftine, and baptized with liim at Milan, in 38S. 

 On his return from Palcftine, in 394, he was made bilhop of 

 his native place. Whilll Augullmc was engaged with the 

 Manichees, Alypius was induced to join them ; but he af- 

 terwards avowed liimfelf a zealous advocate for tiie catholic 

 faith. He made fuccefiivc attempts to convince the Dona- 

 tifts of their errors, and to recover them to an union with the 

 church ; particularly at the council of Carthage, in 403, and 

 -again in 411 : but neither his arguments, nor the penal de- 

 crees of the emperor Honorius were fufHcient to reclaim 

 them. Alypius was alfo deputed by the churches of Af- 

 rica about the year 419, to lionorius, in order to obtain fe- 

 vere decrees againft the Pelagians, and in this oiTice of per- 

 feeuting zeal he fo far fucceeded as to break up their af- 

 femblies and banilli their minilters. He died about the year 

 430, leis honoured in remembrance for his Chrillian charity 

 than his orthodoxy and zeal. Gen. Dift. 



Alypius, iu Biography, one of the feven Greek writers 

 on mufic, that have been collefted and publidied with a 

 commentary and notes, in 1652, by Meibomius. It is dif- 

 ficult to afcertain the time of his exigence. Cafiiodorus 

 ((/c nnifica) placed him before Euclid and Ptolemy, and has 

 ranged his tratt, 'E'ur-j.yuiyn fiio-ixjj', or Introduflion to Miific, 

 between that of Nichomachus and Gaudentius. The con- 

 tents of this work furnifli tiie moft ample nomenclature of 

 all the founds of the feveral fcales and nibdes of the ancient 

 Greek mufic, that has come down to us. The charafters 

 for lound ufed by the Greeks for their feveral modes in the 

 three genera, amounted to 1620. Thefe notes were formed 

 of the twenty-four letters of the Greek alphabet, entire, 

 mutilated, fingle, double, or lengthened ; fometimes turned 

 to the right, fometimes to the left, or lying horizontally, 

 fo that their corners or fides were turned upward:; ; and 

 laftly, fome v.'ere barred, and others dillmguithtd by the 

 grave and acute accents, which had likewife a place among 

 thele numerous diitriminatious. 



This traft was firll publillied by Meurfius, 161 6, from the 

 MS. of Jofcph Scjliger, but not very correctly, according 

 to Fabricius. Kircher has given extrafls i^rom jllyf/ius in his 

 Mujwgm., 1650; pretending that he had tranflated the 

 whole into Latin ; but the table which he has inferted from 

 him of ancient mufical notation, is fo inaccurate, that Mei- 

 bomius, who confulted not onfy the Greek MS. of Scaliger, 

 bat that of Bolejanus, Barocius, Earberitti, and tjelden, 

 aTirms, that he found in it more than 200 errors. 



It is from the indefatigable labour of the learned Mei- 

 bomius, in liis commentaries upon the ancient Greek mu- 

 ficians, particularly yjlypius, that we are able to decipher 

 thofe characters ; which, before his time, had been fo n.nch 

 altered, corrupted, disfigured, and confounded, by the ig- 

 norance or inattention of the tranfcribers of ancient MSS. 

 that they were rendered wholly unintelligible, bee Greek 

 Mrsic, and Notation. 



AI.YPON Montis Cell, or white turbith, in Botany and 

 the Miilcru! Mulka. SeeCoNvoi,vui.us. 



A L Y 



ALYPUM, in Bolnny. See GtOBVLAlttA. 

 Alvpi'm, a n.iint given by fome rjihcin to a fpccie* of 

 fpurge, the lil!.yi,i:i/ut amygi'uloiilri na^'^lijuliu/, or nanow- 

 leaved almond fpnrgo of "I'ournefort. 



Alypum is iikcwifr a naine civtn hv fome wn'trrs to a 

 fpucies of dog's bane, dilllnguilhcd by 'rournrfort by the 

 name of aporynum mor'it'imum f'eiulum J'.ili.u fotia Jlort pur- 

 pur:/), the purplt-fluwcrcd fca apucynum of Venice, with 

 willow-like ka\cs. 



yVLY.SSOIDES, in Botany. See Alvsji-m. 

 ALYSSON. See Ai-yssum, CtvfLOLA, Draba, 

 Marruuu'm, Myagrl'm and VtROsicA. 



ALYSSUM, formed from a>.v7<x^; to bf m.iif, maJtvirt, 

 in Botany, a genus of the telrnAynam'ia Jd'icuhfa clafu and or- 

 der, of tiic natural order of fiUqimf.t and irucifert of Julfi. u ; 

 its charaClers arc, tliat the calyx is a foiir-lcavcd, oblong pc- 

 rianthium, leaflets ovate-oblong, obtiifc, convergent, and de- 

 ciduous : the cai'Mii four-pctalied and cniciform, pctiila flat, 

 fliortcr than the calyx, very fpreading, claws of the length 

 of the calyx ; iht.- Jlamhin have lix filamenti, of the lenglli iif 

 the calyx, two oppolitc a little Ihorter, maiked with a tuolh- 

 let, anthers fiom ereit fpreading : the pifiillutn has a fubc- 

 vate germ, ftyle firnple, of the length ot the flamcns, longi t 

 than the germ, and lligma obtufe : x\\e prrLuirpium is a lub- 

 globofe, emarginate irlicle, or broad and (hort pod, with 

 a llyle of the length of the filicle, two-ceiled, the partitions 

 elliptic, valves elliptic and liemifi>herical ; ihe fn-Jt arc fixed 

 to filiform receptacles, ilfuing forth at the end of the filicle, 

 few and orbicular. Martyn reckons 17, and Gmelin 15 

 fpecies, which are diltributcd into the divifions of undtr- 

 fhrubs, herbaceous, and thofc with filiclcs inflated, Sc; to 

 the unilirj]iruls belong, I. A. Spinofiim, thorny niadwort, 

 with the old racemes thorny and naked. The woody branches 

 are about two feet high, and are armed with fmall fpiiies : 

 the leaves are hoar)- and lanceolate ; the flowers grow in 

 fmall chillers at the end of the branches ; the petals are 

 white and entire ; the filaments toothlefs. This fpccics 

 grows naturally in Italy, Spain, and the South of France. 

 2. A. Niilimi/o/ium, fweet }>l. t/.'/,i/f>i of Hcrm. Ludgb. with 

 ftems procumbent, perennial, leaves lanceolate hncar, acute 

 and quite entire. This fprcads on the ground, produce* at 

 the extremities of its branches pretty tufts of fmall white 

 flowers for fix or feven months fucceflTively ; is a native of 

 the fouthern countries of Europe, and was cultivated in the 

 Chelfea garden in 1722. 3. A. Saxiiti.'e, yellow M. with 

 ftems Ihrubby, panicled, leaves lanceolate, very foft, repand, 

 and petals entire. This is a low plant, rifing about a foot 

 high, and dividing into feveral fmaller branches ; the fluweii 

 are produced in loofe panicles at the end of every branch, 

 and are of a bright yellow colour, appearing at the end of 

 April, or beginning of May, and lalling, in a favourable fea- 

 fon, about three weeks ; it is vei7 luitable to embellilh 

 rock-work, as it is fmall, fliowy and hardy ; it often flowers 

 a fecond time in Autumn : it is a native of Candia and .'\uf- 

 tria, and cultivated here by Miller, in 1731. 4. A. j-l/pifjlrr, 

 Italian M. with ftems underfluubby, din"ufcd, leaves roundi(h 

 and hoary, calvxts coloured. Tlie leaves are vciy obtufe ; 

 the calyxes deciduous, and petals entire, and both yellow : 

 the ftamens have a little membrane at the bafe : it is pe- 

 rennial, and a native of the mountains of Provence, towards 

 Italy, mount Cenis, &c. It differs from the AlylTums in 

 having an ovate-acute filicle, not inflated. To the krrL:U!uut 

 divifion belong, 5. A. Hypcrlorcum, Northern M. with 

 leaves hoary toothed, and ilamens four-forked ; found in 

 North America. 6. A. Incamim, hoary, (omitted by Gnielu,) 

 with Hem crcit, leaves lanceolate, hoar)', quite eiitire, flower.^ 

 iu cor)'mbs, and petals bilid. This grows to the height of 



two 



