A L Y 



two feet, with woody (lalks, dividing into fevcral branches ; 

 the flowers arc produced at tlie extremity of evc!7 (hoot in 

 round bunches, I'miill and white ; the lilicle is oval, and full 

 of brown feeds ; it grows naturally in the fouth of France, 

 Spain and Italy, Germany, Auilria, Sweden, &c. chiefly on 

 rocky or gravelly foils, is perennial, and was cultivated here 

 by Parkinfon in '1640. 7. A. Minimmn, Icall M. with ftems 

 diffufed, leaves linear, downy, and fihcles comprelfed. This 

 is annual, a:id grows wild in Spain : the petals are yellow 

 and fubmarginate. 8. A. Calycliium, calycine M.vvith ila- 

 mens all toothed, and permanent calyxes. It is annual, 

 and found wild in Aulhia, Carniola, France, Gei-many and 

 SwiiTerland. The petals are fmall and yellow, becoming 

 white with age: the filicle has two feeds in each cell, one of 

 which is commoiily abortive : it was cultivated by Miller in 

 1768. 9. A. Alotitanum, mountain M. with items diffufed, 

 leaves fublanceolate, dotted and echina/e. The branches 

 trail, the leaves hoar)-, rough and alternate, the flowers pro- 

 duced in fmall clullers at the ends of the branches, and of a 

 dark yellow colour ; it grows naturally upon rocks in Bur- 

 gundy, and fome other parts of France, about Bafil, in Ger- 

 many, Anftria, Carniola, &c. is perennial, and cultivated by 

 Miller in 1759. 10. A. Campejlre, field M. (omitted by 

 GraeUn) with llamens guarded by a pair of briftles, and 

 calvxes deciduous ; refembles the 8th in llem, leaves and 

 petals, is annual, and a native of France, Germany and Swif- 

 lerland, and cultivated by Miller in 1768. 1 1. A. Clypcati/m, 

 buckler-podded M. with ftem ereft, filicles fcffile, oval, com- 

 prelTed-flat, petals pointed and hnear. This is a biennial 

 (annual, Linn.) plant, and grows naturally in Spain and Por- 

 tugal, and it was found by Tournefort, on Mount Libanus ; 

 it was cultivated by Gerard in 1596. To the divifion ^\■ith 

 Jll'ides inJJated, or calvxes oblong and clofed, belong the follow- 

 ing fpecies. 12. A. Sinuatum, finuate-leaved M. with ftem 

 herbaceous, leaves lanceolate-deltoid, and fdicles inflated. 

 This is a low fpreading plant, which divides into fmall 

 branches, garniflied with hoary leaves through the year ; 

 the flowers produced at the ends of the branches are of a 

 bright yellow colour. It is annual, or triennial, and grows 

 wild in Spain by the way-fide, and in the iflands of the Ar- 

 chipelago, and fufficiently hardy to bear the open air in 

 England, in a dry foil and wann fituation ; it was cultivated 

 in the Kew garden in 1680. 13. A. Crelicum, Cretan M. 

 with ftem ftirubby, leaves lanceolate, a little toothed, downy, 

 fdicles inflated and globular. This fpecies fildom continues 

 longer than two years in England, and in a warm, diy iltua- 

 tion, will live in the open air. It is a native of Spain and 

 Candia, and was cidtivated by Miller in 1759. 14. A. Ge- 

 monenfe, gemona M. with ftem herbaceous, branches divarica- 

 ted, root -leaves obovate, rather down)-, and fdicles inflated. 

 This differs from the lail in having divaricated branches, ar.d 

 fmaller flowers of a deep yellow colour. The root is peren- 

 nial ; the ftem fpreads on the ground ; the leaves are rough- 

 ifh and afh-coloured, about five inches long, and fcarcely an 

 inch broad ; the perianthium is fpreading, yellow and hir- 

 fute ; the petals are twice the length of the calyx, obovate 

 and emarginate. This fpecies was difcovered by Arduini 

 in 1759, on the mountain Delia Fontana, near Gemona, in 

 the diftricl of ForU in Italy, in the clefts of rocks : it flowers 

 in May and June. 15. A. Utriculahim, bottle M.' with ftem 

 herbaceous, erect, leaves fmooth, lanceolate, quite entire, and 

 fihcles inflated. This has the flower of lunaria ; and re- 

 fembles it, except in its inflated filicles ; it was found by 

 Tournefort in the Levant, and grows in the vineyards of 

 Savoy : it is a hardy and beautiful perennial, flow-ering from 

 April to June, when it begins to form its curioufly inflated 

 pods : it is well adapted to the decoration of walls or rock- 



A L Z 



work ; it was cultivated in 1739 by Miller. 16. A. Vef carta, 

 bladder M. velicaria of Tournefort, with leaves linear, tooth- 

 ed, filicles inflated, angular and acute. This fpecies and the 

 next have trailing flalks, and produce their 'lowers towards 

 the extremities in loofe fpikes. 17. A. Deltoirlrum, deltoid- 

 leaved M. leucoium faxatile. Sec. of Bauhin, with ftems under- 

 fhrubby, proftrate, leaves lanceolate-deltoid, and filicles 

 fliaggy. The flowers of this refeirible thofc of the itock-gilli- 

 flower, and are of a purple coluur ; it was cultivated in 1 739 

 by Miller. This and the lail were found by Tournefort 

 in the Levant. The alxjiim fiithniin of Dr. Smith, with an 

 herbaceous ftalk, lanceolate and fagittated leaves, and obo- 

 vate inflated filicles, or gold of pkaiure, is a fpecies of mya- 

 GRi'M in the Linniean fyltem. 



All the fpecies may be propagated by feed, and moll of 

 them by flips and cuttings. The feeds ihould be fown in a 

 border of light earth in April. Cuttings or flips fliould be 

 planted in April or May ; fhaded in the heat of the day, 

 and gently refreflied with water. In rich ground they fel- 

 dom live through the winter in England ; but in a dry, poor, 

 rubbifhy foU, or on old walls, they will endure the cold and 

 remain much longer. Maityn. 



AlYSSUM. SeeCARDAMlNE,CLYPEOLA, DrABA, MyA- 



GR V M, Pelt A RiA, St A CHYS,Su3L'LARiAand. Sisymbrium. 



ALYTARCHA, in ylmlquily, a prieft of Antioch in Sy- 

 ria, whofe office was to lead up the maftigcphori, or Jlagelli- 

 phor'i, ofiicers with whips in their hands, who attended at the 

 games or combats of the alhlela, encouraged them to behave 

 ftoutly, and, on occafion, feived to preferve good order, and 

 keep off the crowd. 



The officer who pvefided at the Olympic games was alfo 

 fometimes denominated alytarcha. 



Some will have the alytarcha to be the fame with the lel- 

 lenod'icus, of which opinion are Faber and Prideaux. 



Van Dale fhews them to be different offices ; not but that 

 the alytarchi might fometimes be fubftituted for the hdkno- 

 d'lci, to perform fome part of their function. 



The alytarchi were the fame with what were called, in 

 fome other places, alyta. 



ALYXIA, in Botany, See Gynopogon. 



ALYZIA, in ylncier.t Geography, a town of Greece in 

 Acainania, about 15 ftadia from the fea, and near the port 

 of Hercules. 



ALZA, in Geography, a river of Germany, which runs into 

 the Inn, fix miles eaft of New Oeting, in the circle of Bavaria, 



ALZACHI, in the Materia Med'tca, the name given by 

 the Arabian Phyficiars, to that kind of gourd called in the 

 fliops the ciTRUL, and by the people of fome parts of Italy, 

 the anguria. It is an oblong, and ufually crooked gourc', 

 and contains in its cavity a tonfiderable quantity of water, 

 which is drank by people of the places where the phnt is 

 common, to quench thirlt. It contains feeds of an ublong 

 figure, flatted, and covered with a hard fl<in. 



ALZAGIAT, a name given, by the Arabian writers, 

 to all the vitriolic minerals. It is alfo written zagi, or zegi. 



ALZARAC, a name given to a kind of camphor, 

 which was coarfe, and of a brown colour. It feems to have 

 been the fame with our rough camphor, as imported from 

 the Indies, before being purified. 



ALZATO, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the ter- 

 ritory of Coma, in the Milanefe, four miles fouth of Coma. 



ALZBACH, a town of Gei-many, iw the archduchy 

 of Auftria, four miles weft of Schwannallatt. 



ALZEY. See Altzey. 



ALZlRA. SeeALGEziRA. 



ALZIZ, a name given by Serapio and Avicenna to 

 the roots of the tra/i. The word Ziz is the name of a 



river 



