ART 



ART 



than the red, 3cfcends along the outer fide of the com- 

 plexus, and communicates with the tranfverfahs colli. A 

 branch of the occipital artery enters the ikuU at the foramen 

 jugularc, and lupplies the dura mater of the cerebellum. 

 The trunk of the occipital artery branches over the back 

 of the fcalp, being dillributed to the occipital portion of 

 the occiplto-frontalis, and to the fkin. Its branches com- 

 municate freely with thofe of the temporal, artery. 



The pollerior artery of the ear, the fnialleft branch of the 

 external carotid is given off higher up than any of the 

 above-mentioned branches. Indeed it does not arife until 

 the trunk has entered the parotid gland. It follows the 

 courfe of the digailric niufcle, afccnds behind the external 

 ear, and diftributes its branches to the ear and fcalp, com- 

 munic.iting with the temporal and occipital arteries. It 

 fends oft the arteria (lylomalloidea, whieli entering the fo- 

 ramen of that name, fupplies the internal ear. 



The fuperlicial temporal artery continues its courfe 

 through the parotid gland ; it mounts over the zygomatic 

 arch, and dillributcs its widely fprcadiiig branches over the 

 fide of the head. 



Branches of the Temporal Artery. 



Branches to the parotid gland ; one or two fmall twigs 

 to the front of the ear, called the anterior auricular arteries ; 

 a branch to the articulation of the U)wer jaw ; and one or' 

 two branches to the maffeter mufcle. The tranlverfe ar- 

 ■ tery of the face is given off by the temporal, while it is 

 paffnig through the parotid gland ; it emerges from that 

 gland in company with the parotid duel, crolles over the 

 mallcter mufcle, and advances to the corner of the mouth, 

 communicating with all the arteries of the face. Tlie middle 

 temporal arteiy, which is to be diilinguidied from the Inper- 

 ficial temporal on the one hand, and the deep-feated tem- 

 poral on the other, runs under the temporal aponeurofis, 

 and extends as far as the fronto-occipitalis mufcle. 



After the temporal artery has pafl'cd over the zygoma, 

 it divides fooner or later into the anterior and poiterior 

 temporal branches ; thefe communicate with each other ; the 

 anterior branch communicates alfo with the frontal and 

 fupra-orbital branches of the ophthalmic ; the pofterior branch 

 communicates with the potlerior auricular and occipital 

 arteries. 



The 'internal maxillary artery is much larger than the 

 temporal, and {hould therefore, if fr/e be adopted as the 

 criterion, be confidered as the continuation of the ca- 

 rotid. It paffts forwards and downwards between the ex- 

 ternal pterygoid mufcle and the jaw ; then following a fer- 

 pentine courfe, it arrives at the fphenomaxiliary I'.ffure, 

 where it terminates by dividing into three branches. 

 Branches of I he lulenuil Maxillary Artery. 



A fmall twig entering the tympanum by the fiffuni 

 Glafferi ; another entering the Ikull at the foramen 

 ovale. 



The fpinous or middle meningeal artery mounts (Iraight 

 upwards through the fpinous hole of the fphenoid bone, 

 and is dillributed widely over the dura mater; it caufes the 

 deep grooves which iniprefs the inner furface of the paricwil 

 bone ; it communicates with the pofterior meningeal veifels, 

 which come from the vertebral and occipital arteries, and 

 with the anterior ones from the ophthalmic. 



The inferior maxillary artery enters the canal of the lower 

 jaw, in company with the nerve of the fame name ; it fends 

 branclujs to the teeth and to the fubllance of the jaws ; ar- 

 living at the foramen mentale, it divides into two branches ; 

 one of thefe goes forwards to fupply the incifor teeth ; the 

 other comes out at the foramen mentale, and inofculates 

 with die artery of the lower lip. 



The pterygoid branches are dillributed to the pterygoid 

 mufcles. 



The deep temporal arteries are two in number, and ra- 

 mify deeply in the temporal mufcle. 



The artery of the cheek (arteria buccalisj runs along 

 the buccinator mufcle, and communicates with the arteries 

 of the face. 



The alveolar artery, or artery of the upper jaw, bends 

 round the tubercle of the jaw, and advances towards the 

 face. Its chief branch enters a canal in the upper jaw, and 

 fupplies the teeth. 



The infra-orbitary artery enters and pnffes through the 

 infra-orbitary canal of the fuperior maxillary bone, and comes 

 out upon the face at the infra-orbitary foramen. It is dillri- 

 buted chiefly to the mufcles of the face, and communicates 

 with the coronary arten' of the upper lip, and its nafal 

 branches ; with the tranfverfe artery of the face, and the 

 artery of the cheek. 



The fuperior or defcending palatine artciy is one of the 

 three branches, into which the internal maxillai-y divides at 

 the fpheno-maxiUary fiflure ; it paffcs through the pterygo- 

 palatine canal, and comes out at the poilcrior palatine fo- 

 ramen. After fending a branch backwards to the foft pa- 

 late, the artery comes forwards under t!ie arch of the teeth. 

 A fmiU branch of it pafl'es by the foramen incifivura 

 into the nofe. 



The upper phar^'ngcal artcrj- is fcnt to the upper and 

 back part of the pharynx. 



The nafal artery, which is the continuation of the tiiink, 

 goes through the fpheno-palatine foramen to the hack of 

 the nollrils ; there it gives fmall twigs to the rethmoid and 

 fphenoid cells, and larger branches to the ftptum and floor 

 of the nollrils and antrum maxillare. 



The internal carotid artery purfues a ferpentine courfe 

 along the front of the bodies of the vertebra, till it anives 

 at the entrance of the carotid canal. It is conneclcd with 

 the par vagum, and the great fympathetic nerve, and alfo 

 with the reftus anterior mufcle. It follows the courfe of the' 

 canal of the temporal bone, palling lirll directly upwards, 

 then turning horizontally forwards, and then alcending 

 again in a llraight direction, and entering the cavernous 

 linus. While in this finus, it paffes from tlie back of the 

 fphenoid bone to the anterior clynoid procefs, where it fud- 

 denly doubles back upon itfelf, and branches out to the brain., 

 Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery. 



AVhile in the cavernous finus, it fends off the two arteries 

 of the receptaculum, which are fpread upon the neighbour- 

 ing parts of the dura mater. 



Having rifen to the anterior clinoid procefs, it fends off 

 the ophthalmic artery, which enters the orbit with the optic 

 nerve. Tlie artery is lituated at fnil on the outfidc of the 

 nerve ; entering the orbit, it crofTeS obliquely over the nerve, 

 and arrives at the internal angle of the eye. It fends off 

 tl:e following branches. — The lacrymal artery fupplies the 

 lacrymal gland, ar.d fends forv,-ard two fmall branches to the 

 tarfus of the upper and lower eye-lid. The poilcrior a;th- 

 moidal artery paffes through the poilerior orbitary hole to 

 the xthmoid cells. The fupra-orbitary or fuperior mufcular 

 artery paffes along the upper part of the orbit, fupplies the 

 levator palpebrx, the rectus fuperior, and rtdus internus 

 oculi, quits the orbit at the fuperciliary foramen, and com- 

 municates with the arteries of the fe-alp. The central artery 

 of the retina plunges into the optic nerve, runs along its 

 axis, and ram.ities beautifully on the retina. One of its 

 branches penetrates the vitreus humor, and is dillributed to 

 the cr)-ft.alline lens. The ciliary arteries do not all come off 

 from the Uuuk of tlie ophthalmic, but many are produced 



by 



