ART 



ART 



Branches of the Rad'tal Ar!ery. 

 The recurrent branch of the radial aitciy is rtflefted 

 towards the outer condyle, between the brachialis intemus, 

 and the radial extenfors of the carpus ; there it has nu- 

 meious coiiimunicatioMS with the collateral arteries of thearm. 

 The fuperticial arterj' of the palm of the hand is given 

 off juft as tlie trunk begins to turn over the radius; it 

 goes over the abdudor pollicis, or through its fibres, to 

 communicate with the ulnar, and thereby complete the 

 fuperlicial arch. This branch varies much in fize ; fomf- 

 times it is very fmall, and docs not reach to the ulnar ar- 

 tery ; fometimcs it is lo large, as to give off the branch 

 to the outiide of tiie thumb ; or even to both fides of 

 the thumb. 



At the back of the hand, the radial gives off an artery or 

 two to the back of the thumb, another to the back of the 

 fore-finger, and a th.ird to the back of the carpus (dorfalis 

 carpi'), which communicates with the interoflea, and fends 

 fmall branches between the metacarpal bones. 



After the radial artery has entered the palm of the hand, 

 it fends off the great arteiy of the thumb, which runs along 

 the fide of the firft phalanx of the thumb, and then divides 

 into three branches. Two of thefe are for the two fides of 

 the thumb, and the third for the radial fide of the fore- 

 finger. The branches of the deep-feated arch are fmall, 

 and fupply the interoffei mufcles, and come out at the back 

 of the wrill and hand. 



The ulnar artery goes under the pronator teres, flexor 

 carpi radiaUs, flexor digitorum fublimis, and palmaris longus, 

 ai;d pafles within the edge of the flexor carpi ulnaris to the 

 wrill. There it is fituated juft within the pifiform bone, 

 bends acrofs the palm of the hand, over the flexor tendons, 

 fo as to form the fnperficial arch of the palm of the hand, 

 which is fituated under the palmar fafcia, and oppofite to 

 the middle of the metacarpal bones. It terminates at the 

 oppofite fide of tlie palm by communicating with the fuper- 

 ficial branch of the radial arteiy. 



Branches of the Ulnar Artery. 

 The recurrent branch of the ulnar goes under the flexor 

 mufcles to the back of the internal condyle, where it 

 communicates freely with the collateral arteries of the arm. 

 The interofleous artery comes ofl^ very foon from the 

 ulnar: it immediately fends a large branch through the 

 jnteroffeous ligament to the back of the fore-arm; this 

 branch gives off the interofleous recurrent, andthen pafles 

 down the fore -arm to the wrill, fupplying the extenfor 

 mufcles. The trunk of the interofleous artery defcends 

 along the ligament to the pronator quadratus ; there it 

 perforates the interofleous ligament, and communicates 

 with the other branch of the interofleous artery and 

 with the dorfal branches of the radial and ulnar arteiies. 



An artery to the back of the hand (dorfalis manus), 

 communicates with the interofleous arteries. 



The deep palmar branch goes off jull below the pifiform 

 hone; it dips under the flexor tendons, and communicat- 

 ing with the radial artery, completes the deep palmar r.rch. 

 The convex part of the fuperficial arch then produces 

 three large digital arteries, which, paffing between the 

 metacarpal bones, and arriving at the root of the fingers, 

 divide each into two branches, which go along the fide 

 of the fingers to their very apex, where they communicate. 



ObferviU'wn. The arteries of the fore-arm are fubjeft to 

 great varieties. The brachial fometimes divides long before 

 It arrives at the elbow, even as high as the axilla, in fome 

 iubjefts. Then the courfe of thefe arteries is natural in 

 other refpeAs. Sometimes, however, where this high divi- 

 fion takes place, the ulaar artery, inllead of going under the 



mufcles, which have been mentioned, goes over them and 

 jull under the fliin. Sometimes the radial, ulnar, and in- 

 terofleous arteries proceed ftraight into the palm of the 

 hand, and are djfl.ributed to the fingers without forming any 

 arches at all. 



The aorta having formed its arch, pafles gradually behind 

 the lungs to the left fide of the bodies of the vertebrx. It 

 defcends in a ftraight courfe along the back of the pofterior 

 mediaftinum until it arrives at, and pafles through, the crura • 

 of the diaphragm ; this portion of the veflcl is termed the 

 thoracic aorta. 



Branches of the Thoracic Aorta. 



The common bronchial artery comes off high up from 

 the front of the aorta ; it divides into two branches, one 

 for either lung. 



The right and left bronchial arteries arife lower down ; 

 and often there is a fourth or inferior bronchial artery. 



Thefe arteries are deftined for the nourifliment of the 

 fubftance of the lungs : they fupply alfo the bronchial glands, 

 and the roots of the great veflTels, which come off from the 

 heart. They are remarkable on account of their communi- 

 nications with the pulmonary' artery. 



The cefophageal arteries are about five or fix in number : • 

 they run npon the furface of the oefophagus,and communicate 

 below with the coronary artery of the llomach. 



The lower intercollal arteries are nine or ten in number, 

 according to the number of ribs, which are unfupplied by 

 the intercollal branch of the fubclavian artery. They arife 

 from the back of the aorta, and follow the courfe of the 

 lower or grooved edge of the ribs. The upper ones are 

 the fmalleft, and afcend fomewhat ; the lower ones are 

 nearly tranfverfe in their courfe. The arteries of the right 

 fide are longer, as they have to pafs over the bodies of ths 

 vertebras. They all give off" : i. a branch which enters into 

 the fpinal marrow as the nerves pafs out : 2. a larger branch, 

 which goes to the mufcles at the back of the fpine : 3. an 

 upper branch which coming off at the angle of the rib goes 

 along the upper edge of the rib below. The continuation • 

 of the trunk communicates with the mammary and thoracic 

 arteries above ; with the epigaftric and lumbar arteries below. 



The aorta, having paffed through the crura of the dia- 

 phragm, takes the name of the abdominal aorta. It is ilill 

 fituated on the left fide of the bodies of the vcrtebrje ; it is 

 feparated from the vena cava by the left lobe of the liver 

 and the crus of the diaphragm. It approaches gradually to 

 the middle of the vertebne, and gets in company with the 

 vena cava, a little above the kidneys. At the laft lumbar 

 vertebra, or at the interlpace between the fourth and fifth, 

 it divides into the two common iliac arteries. 

 Branches of the Ab(lom':nal Aorta. 



The right and left phrenic arteries arc the nrft brar.ches 

 of the abdominal aorta ; fometimes they arife from the 

 cseliac artery ; fometimes a fingle trunk, either from the 

 aorta or from the caeliac, produces both the right and left 

 phrenic arteries : they crofs over the crura of the diaphragm, 

 and then bend round the central tcr.don, fendir.gofF branches 

 to the flefli of the diaphragm in all direAions : they give 

 branches to the renal capfule and fat of the kidney. 



The celiac is a large (hoit trunk, coming off from tlie 

 front of the aorta, while it is ftiU between tlie crura of the 

 diaphragm. It is furrounded by the leiTer arch of the 

 llomach ; beneath it is the pancreas, and on the left fide 

 the lobulus Spigehi. After a courfe of a few lines, it divides 

 into three branches ; the coronary artcr)' of the ilomach, 

 the hepatic, and the fplenic arteries. 



The coronary artery of the ftomach is the central branch 

 of the cxiiac ; it mounts upwards towards the oefophagus, 



faida 



