ART 



fends a large branch to the great extremity of llic (lomach, 

 and then rctiirns along the IctTcr arch : its branches are di- 

 ftributcd over both furt'aces of the flomach, and it commu- 

 nicates in the neighbourhood of the pylorus, witli the fupc- 

 rior pyloric branch of tlie hepatic : fomctiines the coronary 

 aiterv is much larger than ufual ; then its trunk palTes from 

 the cefophagus to the left lobe of the liver. 



The hepatic or right branch of the ca:li.ic comes off be- 

 hind the pyloric extremity of the ftomach ; it afccnds towards 

 the right, is contained in the left fide of Gliflbn's capfule, 

 and divides under tlic neck of the gall-bladder into the right 

 and left licpatic arteries, which are dillributed to the riglit 

 and left lubes of tlie liver ; where the coronary llomachic 

 artery is continued to the liver, the hep.-iic artery only lup- 

 plics the right lobe. The hepatic artery gives off the foU 

 lowinn- branches. I. The duodeno-gallric artery, which 

 palTcs behind the duodenum, gives i)rauches to the pylorus 

 (pvlorica inferior), duodenum (duodenales fupcriorc*), and 

 pancreas (pancreatica tranfveVfa) : it is continued under the 

 name of tlie right gallric, or gallro-epiploic arteiy, along the 

 greater curvature of the (lomach ; it gives branches i . to both 

 furfaces of the Uomach, and communicates by the termina- 

 tion of its trunk with the left gadric artery. 2. The fuperior 

 pyloric artery is refiefted towar;1s the ledcr arch of the llo- 

 mach, and communicates with the coronary llomachic. 3. The 

 cyilic, which is generally a branch of th'"^ light hepatic, goes 

 along the left fide of the gall-bladder, which it fupplies. 



The fplenic artery is the largell branch of the casliac, 

 in the adult. It purfues a tortuous courfe along the upper 

 ed<,'e of the pancreas, then divides into fix or eight branches, 

 ■which enter the notch of the fpleen. As the Iplenic arttiy 

 pail'es along the pancreas, it fends off many ftort branches 

 to the fubtlanceof that gland ; alfo thr pollcrior galbic ar- 

 teries to the back of the great extremity of the llomach. 

 'llie artery ftnds off, after its divifion, the vafa brevia, \yhich 

 are three or four branches to the great extremity of the 

 llomach, and the left gaftro-tpiploic arteiy, which runs along 

 tlie greater curvature of the llomach, and communicates 

 with the right arteiy of tlve fame name. 



Obfervatlon. Both the gaftro-cpiploic arteries fend many 

 fmall branches to the omentum- 



The fuperior mefenteric artery is the largeft branch of 

 the abdominal aorta, and arifes a few lines below the cxliac : 

 here it is fituated between the pancreas, and the lail turn 

 of the duodenum, to both of which it gives branches ; 

 then it defceiids over the duodenum, and is received between 

 the two layers of the mefentery ; it bends from the left 

 iide of the fpine towards the right groin, making a large 

 arch, convex towards the left. From the left or convex fide 

 of this arch, arc fcnt off from twelve to twenty arteries, 

 each of which foon after divides into two branches. Tliefe 

 communicating with each other form arches, from the 

 convexity of which other branches come off, which divide 

 and recommunicate in a fimilar manner. This is repeated 

 a third, and when the branches are long, a fourth, and even 

 a fifth time, until the lall branches go llraight to the inte- 

 ftines, divide and lurround them. From the oppofite or 

 concave fide of the artery are fent only two branches. 

 I . The middle colic arteiy paffes along the mcfocolon to 

 fupply the afcendlng and tranfverfc parts of the colon : the 

 left branch of this has a very large communication with the 

 left colic artery ; tlie right branch communicates with the 

 ileocohc artery. 2. The ileocolic arteiy goes to the con- 

 junftion of the ileum with the ca:cum. It fends an afcend- 

 ing branch to communieate with the middle colic artery ; 

 and a dtfccnding brancli, which communicates with the 

 termination of the fuperior mefenteric trunk. 



ART 



The re lal or cmulgent artery arifes from the fide of the 

 aorta, between the fuperior and inferior mefenteric arteries. 

 The left renal artery paffes over the vein near the kidney ; 

 the right renal arteiy goes under the vena cava, and is 

 covered by its correfponding vein. The artery divides 

 into three' or four branches, which enter at the notch of 

 the kidney. The, renal artery gives branches to the renal 

 capfules to the fat of the kidney, and ureter. 



The fpermatic artery is a long flender veffel, arifing from 

 the front of the aorta. On the left fide it frequently 

 copies from the renal arteiy ; it purfues a tortuous courfe, 

 and gels into company with its vein upon tlie pfoas mufcle. 

 In men, it goes through the abdominal ring at the back of 

 the chord, and fupphes the teftes. It fends off branches 

 to the fat of the kidney, and to the ureter. 



The fpermatic artery of females paffes along the liga- 

 ment of the uterus to the ovaiy. Its poilerior branches 

 fupply the ovary ; its anterior ones pafs on with the Fallo- 

 pian tube to the uterus, where it communicates with the 

 uterine arteries. 



The inferior mefenteric artery comes off low down from 

 the left fide of the aorta. It defcends a little on the left 

 fide of the two bodies of the vertebrx, and fends off" the 

 left colic artery. This fupplies the defcending colon, and 

 by communicating with the middle colic arteiy, forms the 

 famous mefenteric arch. The continuation of the trunk 

 under the name of the internal hemorrhoidal artery goes 

 along the b.ck of the retlum ; its branches reach alinoit 

 to the extremity of that intelline, and communicate with 

 the middle and external hemorrhoidal arteries. 



As the arteries of the rennl captule vaiy much in fize and 

 number, they may be divided into thrie claffes : tlie upper 

 caplular arteries are branches of the phrenic ; the middle 

 ones generally arife from the fide of the aovta. between the 

 ea;liac and mefenteric arteries ; the lower ones are from 

 the renal arteries. 



The adipous arteries are thofe which fupply the renal 

 fat ; they ante above from the caplular arteries ; below from 

 the renal and fpermatic arteries, and from the.aorta. 



The ureteric are alfo derived from various fourccs : the 

 upper ones are from the renal ayd Iper/natic arteries ; the 

 middle from the ajrta or common iliac artery; and the lower 

 ones from one of the vcfical arteries. 



The lumbar arteries are five in number, arifing from the 

 back of the aorta, at the intervals of the vertebrx, as the 

 intercoftal arteries do in the cheft. They fupply the mufclcs 

 in t!ie circumference of the body; they give branches to the 

 fpinal marrow, and others which penetrate to the mufcles 

 of the back ; the lad lumbar artery communicates with the 

 ileolumbar artery. 



The common iliac arteiy of the right fide paffes over the 

 lower part of the vena cava ; on the left fide, it is fituated 

 exteriorly with refpedl to its vein : it paffes obliquely 

 downwards and outwards, and divides over the facro-iliac 

 fymphyfis into the internal iliac, or hypogadric, and the ex- 

 ternal iliac arteries. 



The middle facral arteiy ufually arifes from the point of 

 bifurcation of the aorta ; it defcends along the middle of 

 the facrum to the coccyx, and communicates on both fides 

 with the lateral facral arteries. 



The internal iliac artery defcends immediately into the 

 pelvis. In the adult it is of the fame fize as the external 

 arttr)', but in the fcrtus it is four or five times larger; and 

 after having defcendexl into the pelvis, becomes attached to 

 the fide of the bladder, and rifes again to reach the 

 umbilicus, under the name of the hypogaftric arter)'. 

 At this period, the arteries of the pelvis are fmall branches 



coming 



