ART 



ART 



cordinfr to Buchanan, iS, years, afccndtd the throne. With 

 a competent a;my, which his txtraordiiiary fame enabled 

 him fpceJily to rail'c, lie routed Colgriii, the Saxon duke, 

 aji(' all his forces, confitling of axons, Scots, and Plots, 

 who were committing horrid devallalions in Britain. Hav- 

 ing purl'ued him to York, he was obliged, in coiifequence of 

 the fucconr afforded to Colgrin by Cordic, king of tiie 

 Saxons, to raife the fiege and to march to London. AlTifted 

 by a fupply of troops, furnilhed by his nephew, Hoel, king 

 of Avmorica or Britany, he inarchtd to Lincoln, which 

 was belieged by the Sajcons, whom he defeated ; and he 

 then compelled the furvivors to fun-end. r, on condition of 

 being allowed to leave the kingdom. Thcfe men, alter 

 having embarked, repented, and relanded on the wcilern 

 coall ; and proceeding to lay liege to 13:idon, or Bath, 

 Arthur was obliged to decline his intended purfuit of the 

 Scots and Picts, and to make forced marches for the relief 

 of the city. After a very obftinate and fevere engagement, 

 wliich lalled two days, Arthur, having performed extra- 

 ordinaiy feats of valour, took their camp, and flew Colgrin, 

 and another of the principal leaders. Lie then halHly re- 

 turned to relieve his nephew Hoel, who was inverted by the 

 Scots and Pifts at Dumbritton in Scotland. Having fnc- 

 ceeded in this entcrprife, he directed hir. courfe to York ; 

 where he is faid to have eftabhihed the Chrillian worfliip 

 on the ruins of the Pagan, and to have married a lady called 

 Guanhumara, who, under the name of Guenever, became 

 the fubjcft of various metrical romances. Fabulous hillory 

 reports, that he invaded and fubdued Ireland, Iceland, 

 Gothland, and the Orkneys ; and having finilhcd thefe 

 exploits, governed his kingdom for 12 years with undif- 

 turbed tranquillity, and very extraordinary fplendour. At 

 this time he inftituted his famous order of knights of the 

 round table. Having alfo, as fable relates, conquered Nor- 

 way and Denmark, invaded France, and taken Paris, and in 

 nine years made himfelf mailer of the whole kingdom, the 

 provinces of which he diftributed among his domeftics, he 

 returned, and held a grand affembly of his tributarj' kings 

 and nobles at Cacrlcon in Monmouth (hire, where he was 

 folemnly crowned. Whilft he was afterwards purfuing his 

 conquells, and marching for Rome, his nephew, Modred, 

 who in his abfencehad prevailed on his queen, Guanhumara, 

 to marry him, fet up the ftandard of revolt, and called in to 

 his afTiftance the Saxons and other barbarians. Arthur 

 hallily returned, and three battles were fought between him 

 and Modred ; in the lad of which, Arthur, though vic- 

 torious, receii'ed fo many wounds, that, retiring to the ifle 

 cf Avalon, he died, A.D. 542, and was buried in that 

 place. " Every nation," fays Gibbon (Hift. vol. vi. p. 392.), 

 " embraced and adorned the popular romance of Arthur and 

 the knights of the round table ; their names were celebrated 

 in Greece and Italy." — " At length the light of fcience and 

 reafon was rekindled; the talifman was broken; the vifion- 

 ary fabric melted into air; and by a natural, though unjull 

 reverfe of the public opinion, the feverity of the prefcnt 

 age is inclined to qucftion the exjjlence of Arthur." Mr. 

 Whitakcr (HilL Manchcftcr, vol. ii. p. 31 — 71.) has 

 framed an interefting,, and even probable narrative of the 

 wars of Arthur: though it is impoflible to allow the 

 reality of the round table. He fuppofes him to have been 

 the /iith-uir, great man, or fovereign of the Silures, and 

 to have fought under the aufpices of Ambrofuis, the 

 pcndragon of the Britons, who fent him to the relief of 

 the northern Britons, opprcfled by the Saxons. After 

 prcat fuccefs in thufe parts, he fought his twelfth battle in 

 the fouth of England, after he was elefted to the pen- 

 dragonfhijj, againll Cerdic the Saxon. Mr. AY. believes in 



the reality of his irditiition of a militai-y order, the origin 

 of all others of a like kind on the conlinent of Europe. 

 He fpeaks in high terms of the glories of his reign, at length- 

 fatally terminated by the civil wars, which put an end to the 

 hero's life. Biog. Brit. 



Akthur Kui. l, or \':'U)arl Bay, in Geography, lies on the 

 coall of New Jerfcy, in America, and is formed by the union 

 of PalTaie and Hackinfack rivers. 



ARTIACA, in ylncicnl Geo<r<ipIiy, a town of Gaul, in 

 the road from Milan to Gefiioracum, by the Cottian Alps. 



ARTICENA, a country of Alia, which made part of the 

 kingdom of Pavthia. Ptolemy. 



ARTICHOKE, in Botany. See Cynara. 

 K«.T\c»oY.i, yenifalem. See Helianthus. 

 ARTICLE, Articulus, a little part or divifion of a 

 book, writing, or the like. 



Article is alfo applied to the fevcral claufes or condi- 

 tions of a contrail, treaty of peace, or the like. 



hi tliis fenfe we fay, articles of marriage, articles of capi- 

 tulation, preliminary articles, &c. 



Articles of the c/cr^y, Articuli c/i-ri, are certain 

 flatutes touching perfons and caufcs eccleliaftical, made 

 under Edward II. and III. 



The llatute made in the reign of Edvv. II. A.D. 1316. 

 was made tor terminating the difputes between the temporal 

 and fpiritual courts, about the limits of their refpcftive jurif- 

 diclion. As this llatute was procured by the clergy at a 

 time when their afTiflance was much needed, it was very 

 favourable to their (hamcful and exorbitant claims of exemp- 

 tion from civil authority. By the lall chapter it is granted, 

 that when clerks confefs before temporal judges their heinous 

 offences, as theft, robbery, and murder, they cannot be 

 judged or condemned by thofe temporal judges upon their 

 own confefiion, without violating the privilege of the church ; 

 and that the privilege of the church being demanded in 

 due form by the ordinary, fliall not be denied. This (latute 

 was aftually pleaded, and admitted in favour of a bilhop of 

 Hereford, A.D. 1324, under accufation of high trcafon. 

 The llatute Je ckro, 25 Edw. III. 11. 3. c. 4. provided, that 

 clerks convicl for treafons or felonies touching other per- 

 fons than the king himfelf, or his royal majefty, (hould have 

 the privilege of holy church. 



Article of faith is by fome defined a point of Chridian 

 doflrine, which we arc obliged to believe, as having been 

 revealed by God himfelf, and allowed and ellabliflied as fuch 

 by the church. 



The thirty-nine articles of the church of England were 

 founded, for the moll part, upon a body of articles compiled 

 and publidied in the reign of Edward VI. 



Tlie articles of king Edward were 42 in number, and 

 framed by archbi.'hop Cranmer and bilhop Ridley ; and 

 after having been fubmitted to the coiTcdtion and amend- 

 ment of the other bifliops and learned divines, they were re- 

 viewed by the archbilhop, and then prefentedto the council^ 

 where they received tl)« royal fanflion. Thefc articles, 

 though not brought into parliament, nor agreed upon in 

 convocation, as the title feems to exprefs, and as they ought 

 to have been, were announced as " Articles agreed upon by 

 the bifliops, and other learned men in the convocation held 

 at London, in the year J552, for the avoiding diverfity of 

 opinions, and ellablilhing confent touching true religion." 

 In the reign of queen Elizabeth, they were reviewed by the 

 convocation, and the 42 articles were reduced to the prefent 

 39 ; the following articles were omitted : viz. Art. 39. 

 " The refurrcftion of the dead is not palTed already." 

 Art. 40. " The fouls of men deceafed do neither perifh 

 with their bodies, nor fleep idly." Art, 41. " Of the 



MiUeu. 



