ART 



A R '5 



MiUenariam." Ait. 42. " All men not to be faved at 

 lail." Some of the other articles underwent a new diviiion, 

 two being joined into one, and in other parts one is divided 

 into two ; but without any remarkable variation of doclnne. 

 It has been a fubjecl ci^ difpute, whether the firil claufe 

 of the 20th article, viz. " Tiie cliurch has power to decree 

 rites and ceremonies, and authority in co;!troverri':s of 

 feith," was a part of the article which pafled the fynod 

 and was afterwards confirmed by parliament in 1571. It is 

 certain it did not make a part of king Ed .vard's articles, 

 nor is it in the original MS. of the articles fubfcribed by 

 both houfes of convocation with their own hands, and 

 preferved in Bennet college library. The difpute, however, 

 is of little confequence to the prefent fubfcribers, as this 

 claufe made a part of the article confirmed by parliament in 

 1562. Thefe articles, having pafled the convocation, Jan. 

 31, 1562, were fubfcribed immediately by moil of the 

 members of both houfes of convocation ; but they did not 

 pafs into a law, and become a part of the eflabliihment, till 

 nine years after this time. In the year 157 1, an aft was 

 paifcd, confirming all the doftrinal articles agreed upon in 

 the fynod of 1562 ; and enjoining fubfcription on all perfons 

 ordained to be deacons or priefts, and on all who held any 

 ecclefiaftical livings, as well as licenfed lecturers and curates. 

 13 Eliz. c. 12. It has been faid (Neal's Hift. Puritans, 

 vol. i. p. 179, 4to.), that this aft eftablifhed only the doc- 

 trinal articl-js ; thofe, as they are exprefled, " which only 

 concern the confeflion of the true faith, and the doctrine of 

 the facraments ;" and, therefore, that the articles of the 

 church, which relate tcrits difcipline, were not defigned to 

 be the terms of minifterial conformity. Thefe articles were 

 ratified by parliament at the relloration of Charles II., in 

 16(^2; and lubfcription to them enjoined on the heads of 

 colleges, chancellors, officials, and commiiraries, and alfo on 

 fchoolmafters, 13 and 14 Car. II. c. 4. 



By I W. & M. it. I. c. 18. commonly called the tolera- 

 tion aft, diflenting teachers are to fubfcribe all thefe articles, 

 except the 34th, 35th ap.d 36th, and part of the 2cth ; and 

 in the cafe of anabaptifts, except alfo part of the 27th ; or, 

 if they fcruple fubfcribing the fame, they (hall make and 

 fubfcribe the declaration prefcribed by ilat. 19 Geo. III. 

 c. 44. profelling themfelves to be Chrillians and proteftants, 

 and that they believe the fcriptures to contain the revealed 

 will of God, and to be the rule of doftrine and praftice ; 

 otherwife they are exempted from the benefits of the aft of 

 toleration. Diflenting fchoolmafi;ers are excufed from fub- 

 fcription to the articles by the fame aft. See Tolera- 

 tion. 



Concerning thefe articles, very different opinions have 

 been entertained by thofe who fubfcribe them ; and they 

 have alfo diff^ered in their fentiments and views with regard, 

 to the nature and extent of fubfcription. Some have inter- 

 preted them more laxly, and others more rigidly ; and they 

 have not been agreed as to the llriftnefs or latitude with 

 which they may be fubfcribed. For the reafons that have 

 been urged in favour of lubfcription, and againfl: it, and the 

 manner in which it has been interpreted and underftood, . 

 fee ScBscRiPTiON. 



Articles, Lambeth, were nine articles on the fubjeft 

 of predellination, pcrfcvtrance, and the limitation of faving 

 grace, drawn up by archbifliop AVhitgift and other learned 

 divines, fublcribed by them, and enjoined on the (ludents 

 of the univerfity of Cambridge, in confequence of a com- 

 plaint occafioned by a debate in that univerfity, which 

 commenced with a fermon of a Mr. Barret, who attacked 

 the believers of predellination with great fervor. The 

 primate, in his letter to the univerfity, reprefents them not 



as new decrees, but as an esplication of certain points, 

 " correfponding to the doftrine profefiTcd by the church 

 of England, and already eftablifhed by the laws of the 

 land." But as they had not the queen's fanftion, who, 

 however, is faid to have been fully perfuaded of their tnith, 

 he defircd that thty might not become a " pubhc aft," but 

 ufed privately and with difcretion. 



Articles, Sta!itle of ihe fix, or bloody fitituti, was Jin aft 

 for abohfliing diverfity of opinion in certain articles concern- 

 ing theChriftian religion;3l Hen. VIII. c. 14. By this law, 

 the doftrine of the real preience, the comm'.uii,.n in one kind, 

 the perpetual obligation of vows of chaftity, the utility of- 

 private mafies, the celibacy of the clergy, and the neceflity of 

 auricular confeflion, were cllabhfned. The denial of the firiT 

 article fubjefted the perfon to de.ith by fire, and to the 

 fame forfeiture as in cafes of treafon ; and admitted not- 

 the privilege of abjuring ; a feverity unknov.-n to the in- 

 quifition itfelf. The denial of any other of the five arti- 

 cles, even though recanted, was punifnable by tlie forfeiture 

 of goods and chattels, and in-.prifonment during the king's 

 pleafure ; an oblliiiate adherence to error, or a rclapfe, was 

 judged to be felony, and punifliable with death. The mar-- 

 riage of priefts was fubjefted to the fame punilhment; their 

 commerce with women was, on the firft offence, forfeiture 

 and imprifonm.ent, on the fecond, death. The abftaining.- 

 from confeflion, and from receiving the eucharift at the 

 accuftomed times, fubjefted the perfon to fine and imprlfon- 

 ment during the king's pleafure ; and if the criminal per- 

 fifted after conviftion, he was punifhed by death and for- 

 feiture, as in cafes of felony. The rigour of thefe articles 

 was fomevrhat abated by the 35th Ken. VIII. c. 5. in con- 

 fequence of the interference of Cranmer. By this ilatute 

 perfons were not to be convifted but upon the oaths of 12 

 men ; the profecution was required to be within a year ; 

 and a perfon who preached againfl; them, was to be informed 

 againil within 40 days. Neverthelefs feveral were burnt at this 

 time for denying the doftrine of tranfubftantiation. Upon 

 the accefGon of Edw. VI. the ftatute of the fix article* 

 was repealed. 



Articles of War, in Mil'iTary Language, denote certain 

 regulations for the better government of the army in the 

 kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, dominions beyond 

 the feas, and foreign parts dependent upon Great Britain^ 

 Thefe may be altered and enlarged at the king's pleafure.. 

 In certain cafes they extend to thofe that are not military 

 perfons ; as when by proclamation any place is put under 

 martial law or when people follow any camp or army for- 

 the fale of merchandife, or ferve in any menial capacity. 

 It is ordained, that the articles of war fiiall be read in the 

 circle of each regiment belonging to the Britifli army every 

 month, or more frequently if the commanding officer thinks 

 proper. A recruit or foldier is not liable to be tried by a- 

 military tribunal, unlefs it can be proved that the articles o£ 

 war have been duly read to him. 



Ap.ticles of the Navy, are certain exprefs rules and 

 orders direfting the method of ordering feamen in the royal 

 fleet, and keeping up a regular difcipHne ; firll enafted by 

 the autliority of parliament foon after the reftoration, llat.^ 

 13 Car. II. ft. I. c. 9. but fince new modelled and altered 

 by ftat. 22 Geo. 11. c. 23. amended by 19 Geo. III. c. 17. 

 In thefe articles of the navy almoft. every poflible offence is 

 fet down, and the punifhment thereof annexed ; in which 

 refpeft the feamen have much the advantage ov£r their 

 brethren in the land fervice j whofe articles of war are not 

 enafted by parliament, but franjed trom time to time at 

 the pleafure of the crown. Judge Blackftone fuggefts, that 

 this diftinftion proceeded from the perpetual eltabhfl^.ment 



