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to Ae botanic garden at Amfterdam, in 1775. In 1777, 

 be fcnt fomc i'mall living plants; and the year following, he 

 lironght willi him to F.iuope a great number of plants, 

 both of this and the following fpecics. But the true feed- 

 lefs fort, from the South Seas, was firll introduced into the 

 iflands of St. Vincent and Jamaica, and into the botanic 

 garden at Kew, by Captain IMigh, in 1793. 



The bread-fruit, when perfectly ripe, is pulpy, fweetidi, 

 putrefcent, and in this ftate is thought to be too laxative ; 

 but when green it is farinaceous, and elleemed a very whole- 

 fome food, cither baked under the coals, or roalled over 

 them. The talle is not unlike that of wheatcn bread, but 

 with fome rcfemblance to that of Jerufalem artichokes or 

 potatoes. It was mentioned before that a fort of cloth was 

 made of the inner bark : to tliis we may add, that the 

 wood is ufed in building boats and houfcs ; the male cat- 

 kins ferve for tinder; the leaves for wrapping their food m, 

 and for wiping their hands inllead of towels ; and the 

 juice for making bird-lime, and as a cement for filling up 

 the cracks of their veffels for holding water. Three trees 

 are fuppofed to yield fuffieient nourifliment for one perfoii. 

 In the Malay language the bread fruit is called /stTwn, in 

 Java fouhi, in Amboiaa f'61111 or fune, in Makadar hahar, 

 in Ternate gomo, in Tinian r'ima, the Dutch call it fochif- 

 boom, the Germans broJbaum, the French rima w fruit a pii'm. 

 2. A. iiite^ri/o/ia, Indian Jaca tree ; " leaves entire ;" fi- 

 todium macrocarpon, Thunb. Phil. Traiif. v. 69. p. 254. 

 Sitodium caulillorum, Gxrtn. fruft. I. 345. Soccus arboreus 

 nanea, Rumph. Amb. i. t. 30— 31. Tsjacca-maram, / 

 Jacca, Rheed. Mai. 3 t. 26, 27, 28. The Eall Indian 

 Jacca, or Jack-tree, is about the fame fi/.e as the foregoing 

 or perhaps larger. Branches alternate, fpreading ; the 

 twigs hirfiite with long ftiff hairs; leaves altcrr.ate, petioled, 

 ovate-obloug, blunt, obfcuixly ferrate, undivided, nerved, 

 bright-green, and very fmooth on the iipptr furfaee, paler 

 beneath, and hirfute with ftiif hairs, fpreading, a fpan in 

 length. The younger leaves are evidently toothed, but the 

 teeth difappear. Tlie foot-ilalk is foniewhat triangular, 

 fmooth, an inch in length ; ilipules as in the foregoing ; 

 flowers male and female diftinft on the fame ftem or branch ; 

 peduncle either fimple or branched, pendulous an inch thick, 

 and a foot long ; pedicels three, live, or more, the length 

 and thicknefs of a finger. The fruit weighs thirty pounds 

 and upwards ; it has within it frequently from two to, three 

 hundred feeds, three or four times as big as almonds ; they 

 are ovate-oblong, blunt at one end, fliarp at the other, and 

 a little flatted on the fides. Thcfe two fpecies of artocarpus 

 cannot be dillinguilhed with certainty either by the form of 

 the leaves, or the fituation of the fruit-; for the leaves in 

 this are fomelimes lobed as on that ; and the fituation of the 

 fruit varies with the age of this tree, being firll borne on the 

 branches and tiicn on the trunk, and finally on the roots. 

 The Jacca tree is a native of Malabar and the other parts of 

 tlie Eall Indies. Tlie fniit is ripe in December, and is then 

 eaten, but is efteenied difficult ot digeilion ; the unripe fruit 

 is alfo ufed pickled, or cut into flices and boded, or fried in 

 palm-oil. The nuts are cattn roailed, and the ikin which 

 immediately covers them, is ufed inllead of the areea nut in 

 cliewiiig betel. The wood of the tree ferves for building. 

 No lefs than thirty varieties of the fruit are enumerated in 

 ^Talabar. It was introduced into the royal botanic garden 

 at Kew, in 1778, by fir Edward Hughes knight of the bath. 

 Propa^aliou and Ciillurc. Thufe varieties which bear 

 feeds may be propagated by them, fown in a pot of rich 

 earth, and plunged in the bark-bed. Tiiofe which have 110 

 feed in the fruit may be incivaftd from luckers, in whieli 

 they abound ver)- much, or by layers. In hot climates 



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they fucceed bed in a rich foil ; for though they will grow 

 in an indiflerent one, yet they by no means arrive at that 

 magnitude, nor is the fruit fo well-flavoured as when they 

 are planted in a good one. In the Eall Indies they tbrull 

 a fruit of the Jacca into the ground whole, and wdien the 

 numerous feeds germinate and grow up, they tie the ftcms 

 altogether with withes, and by degrees they form one lleui, 

 which will bear fruit in fix or feven years if not placed in 

 too wet a/ituation. See Martyn's Miller's Diil. 



ARTOIS, in Geography f a province of France before the 

 revolution, is one of the mod fe.tile and ir.oll productive of 

 grain and fniit in the whole kingdom. It was fornieily one 

 of the fevLUteen provinces of the Netherlands ; but fince 

 the revolution it is principally included in the department of 

 pas (h Calais, or llraits of Ca la 1 s. The chief city is Arr A E. 

 This province is about twenty-three leagues long, and twelve 

 broad ; and is bounded on tlie weft and fouth by Picardy, 

 on the north-eall by Flanders, and on the caft by Hai- 

 nault and Cambrefis. The name of v/;7wj is derived from 

 the Atrclalii, who occupied this part of Gallia Belgica in the 

 time of Ceefar. From the dominion of t!ie Romans it pafTed 

 to that of the French kings, who poflefled it in 8O3 ; in 

 1237 it was ereftcd into a Comtc by St. Ijouis, and given to 

 his younger brother Robert I. It was luncndcred by 

 Charles VIII. the fon and fucceffor of Louis XL to Maxi- 

 milian of Aullria, by the treaty of Senlis, in 1493. The 

 houfes of Aullria and of Spain polTcired it in fucceflion till 

 the year 1640, when I-ouisXIIl. obtained it by conqueft 

 from Philip IV. king of Spain ; and from his time it has 

 been fubjc6\ to France. The peace of the Pyrenees, in 

 1659, fecured it to him, with the exception of the towns 

 of Aire ai:d St. Omer, wliicii, together with their refpcc- 

 tive territories, were leferved to Spain, but afterwards ceded 

 to Louis XIV. in 167S, by the treaty of Nimeguen, con- 

 firmed by fubfequent treaties, and particularly by that of 

 Utrecht ni 1713. Its commerce Confilts principally in 

 grain, flax, hops, wool, and linen cloth. 



ARTOLICA, in Andmt Geography, a town of the Sa- 

 laflii, in Gallia Cifpadana, at the toot of the Alps, now 

 called la Tuile by the inhabitants, a hamlet of Savoy, in the 

 duchy of Aoull, at tlie foot ot mount St. Bernard the 

 Lefs. 



ARTOMELI, from xfm, tread, and //;?,i, honev, in 

 Ancient Pharmaey, a kind of cataplafm prepared of bread 

 and honey, applied chiefly to the prsccordia. 



ARTON, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the lower Loire, and chief place of a canton 

 in the dillridl of Paimbocuf, feventeen miles fouth-weft of 

 Nantes. 



ARTONNE, a town of France, in the department of 

 Pny de Dome, and chief place of a canton in the diftriil 

 of Riom, five leagues north of Clermont, and two and a 

 half north of Riom. 



ARTOTYRITES, or Artotyiut.-e, in Ecchfiafaeal 

 Hijlory, a branch of the ancient Muniaiiifls, who firll ap- 

 peared in the fecoiid century, chiefly in Galatia. 



They ufe bread and chcefe in the Eucharift, or perhaps 

 bread baked with cheefe. — Their reafon was, that the firft 

 men offered to God not only the fruits of the earth but of 

 their flocks too. 



Hence, according to St. Auguftine, came their name, 

 which is.compofed of KfTo;, bread, and -ifc.,-, eheefe. 



The Artotyrites admitted women to the pritfthood and 

 epifeopacy ; and Epiphanius fays, that it was common to 

 fee feven girls enter at once into their church, in white 

 lohcs, with tcrciies in their hand, where thcv bewailed with 

 tears the miferies of human life. 



ARTRO, 



