A R U 



A R U 



Mfd'ictnaJ qualities. Common arum is the only fpccies of 

 tliis genus 'ucluded in tii-. Materia Medica ; ar.d its life is 

 confined to the root, which in a recent ilate islaftcfcent and 

 extremely acrimonious, infomueh that v.hcn cut into dices 

 and applied to the fl<in, it has been found to bliller the 

 part; and upon bein^:; chewed, it excites an intolerable fenfa- 

 tion of burninfr and pricking in the tongue, which continues 

 for fevcral hours. This acrimony, however, is gradually 

 loll by drying, and may be fo completely difiiiifited by the 

 application of heat, as to leave the root a bland farinaceous 

 aliment. Its medicinal efficacy, therefore, refides wholly in 

 the a£live volatile matter. It is a very powerful ilimulant, 

 and by promoting the fecretions, may be properly employed 

 in cachedlic and chlorotic cafes, in rheumatic affections, and 

 in various complaints of phlegmatic, torpid conttitutions; 

 but more efpeciaily in a weakened or relaxed ftate of the 

 ilomach, abounding with vifcid mucus. If the root is given 

 in powder, great care iTiould be taken that it be young and 

 ne.vly dried, when it may be ufed in the dofc of a fcruple 

 or more twice a day ; but in rheumatifms and paralytic affec- 

 tions, requiring the full cffefts of this medicine, the root 

 fhonld be given in its recent ftate; and to cover the infiip- 

 portable pungency it difcovers on the tongue, Dr. Lewis 

 advifes us to admmiller it in the form of emulfion witli gum 

 arable and fpermaceti, increafing the dofe from ten grains 

 to upwards of a fcruple, three or four times a day; in this 

 way, ho fays, '■ it generally occalioned a fcnfation of flight 

 warmth abinit the Ilomach, and afterwards in the remoter 

 parts, manifclily promoted perfpiration, and frequently pro- 

 duced a plentiful I'.veat." As feveral obftinate rheumatic 

 pains were removed by this medicine, it is recommended to 

 further trial. See Woodv. Med. Bot. p. 75. 



Propagation and Culture. Species 2. is very hardy, and will 

 grow in any foil or lituation; autumn is the proper time for 

 tranlplanting it. 5. fhould have a moift, fliady lituation; it 

 is with difficulty preferved in gardens. 6, 7, 8. are propa- 

 gated by offsets; they will live in the open air, if planted in 

 a fhcltered fituation, or if the furfacc of the ground be 

 covered with tan. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. and 16. are to be 

 propagated by oilsets planted in pots, and plunged into a 

 liot-bed, and after having acquired fufiicient ftrength, kept 

 upon fhclvis in a dry Itove. 15. requires the tan-bed or 

 bark-flove. Common arum ought to be tranfplanted foon 

 after the L-eds are ripe. 19, 20, 21. Thefe multiply faft 

 by offsets, and fliould have a fnady fit".ation. 25, 26, 27, 

 2S, 29. are propagated by cutting off the llalks, into lengths 

 of three or four joints, which mull be laid to dry fix weeks 

 or more; for if the wounded part be not perfectly healed 

 over before the cuttings are planted, they will rot and decay ; 

 they Ihould be put in fmall pots filled with light fandy 

 eartli, and plunged into a moderate hot-bed of tan, being 

 careful that they have little wet till they have made good 

 roots, when fome of them may be placed in a dry Itove, and 

 other? plunged in the tan-bed, in the bark-llove, where 

 they will produce more flow.ers. They are tender plants, 

 and muii. be conftantly kept in the ftove. Sec Martyn's 

 Miller's Diol. 



Arum JEth'wpicum. Sec Calla. 



Arum Scandens. See Dracontium. 



A RUM ATI A, in Entjmolo,'y, a name given by Marc- 

 graave, in his Natural Hillory of Brafil, to the fpecies of 

 Mantis called G'lgas by Linnxus. 



A RUN, \n Ancient Geography, a village of Paleillne, in 

 the neighbourhood of Samaria. 



y\RUN, \n Geography, a river of England, which nms 

 into the fca at Little Hampton in Sufiex, famous for its 1 cd 

 mullets. 



ARUNCI. SeeAuRuNci. 



Aru.sci, in Entoni'Jogy, a fpecics of Cicada, dcfcribcd 

 by Scopoli. This iufedt is entirely of a ferruginous colour, 

 with brown eyes. 



ARUNCO, in Ziology, a fpecies of Ran a or toad, that 

 is larger than the common frog, but nearly of the fame co- 

 lour. It inhabits Chili ; and is defcribed by Molina. All 

 the feet of this kind arc palmated, and the body wartcd. 

 Dr. Shaw fpecifically defcribes it thus : R. corporc venucolo 

 pcdibus omnibus palmatis. Gmehn fecms to liiink the pal- 

 mated feet are a lutficient criterion by which it may be dif- 

 tinguilhed, " pedibus omnibus palmatis." Gmel. 



ARUNCUS, in Botany. See Spir«a. 



ARUNDA, '\n Ancient Geography, a to\m of Spain, in 

 Ba;tica, feated on the Annas or Giiadiana ; now faid to be 

 Honda, in the province of Granada, on the confines of An- 

 dalufia. N. lat. 36'' 26'. W. long. 5° 40'. 



ARUNDEL, Thomas, in Biography, archbifhop of 

 Canterbury in the reigns of Richard 1 1. Henry IV. and 

 Henry V., was the fecoiid fon of Robert Fitz-Alan, carl 

 of Arundel and Warren ; and at the age of twenty-one 

 years, in 1374, promoted from the archdeaconry of Taun- 

 ton to the fee of Ely, and enthroned v.ith the ufual folem- 

 nities in 1376. While be held this fee he almoft rebuilt the 

 epifcopal palace in Holborn, and, befide other donations, 

 prefented it with a table of malfive gold, enriched with pre- 

 cious ilones, which he had bought of prince Edward for 

 three hundred marks. Upon his tranflation to the arch- 

 bilhopric oi York, in 1 38(1, he expended a large fuin 

 in building an archiepifeopal palace, and in furnifliiiig the 

 church with feveral pieces of filver-gik plate, and otiitr or- 

 naments. After his advancement to the fee of Canterbury, 

 in 1396, he was a great benefactor to that church ; for he 

 built the fouthern tower and great part of the nave, and 

 gave it a ring of five bells, called " Arundel's ring," feve- 

 ral rich vellments, a mitre erichafed with jewels, a lilver-gilt 

 crofier, a golden chalice for the high altar, and another to 

 be ufcd only on St. Thomas Becket's day. He held the 

 office of lord high chancellor of England, with fomc inter- 

 ruptions, fromtheyear 1386 to 1396; and in 139;, he re- 

 moved the courts of jiiftice from London to York ; partly 

 with a view of mortifying the pride and infolence of the in- 

 habitants of London, and principally for the purpoie cf 

 enriching thole of the latter city, over the diocete of which 

 he prefided : but after the experience of one or two terms, 

 the courts returned to their firlt and more convenient Ration. 

 Soon after his acceilion to the metropolitan fee, he revived 

 an old inllitution, by which the inhabitants of the fevcrj 

 parillics of London were obliged to pay to their redor one 

 half-penny in the pound out of the rent of their houfcs. 



Tiie intcrfei-ence of archbifhop Arundel in the civil affairs 

 of the kingdom, terminated in Ins impeachment and exile. 

 Having taken an active part in the firtl attempt that was 

 made to deliver the nation from the oppreffion of Richard 

 II. by obtaining a commiflion to the duke of Glouceitcr, 

 his brother the earl of Arundel, and others, in which coin- 

 milfion he himfclf was included, forgo\-erning the kingdom, 

 he was impeached by the com.mons, lenteaced to be baniihed, 

 and ordered to leave the kingdom within forty davs, on pain 

 of death. Pope Boniface IX. leiziiig this opportunity of 

 teftifying his difplcafure againfl the kiug and parliament of 

 England, gave xVrundel a cordial reception at Rome, nomi- 

 nated him archbilfiop of St. Andrews, and proinifcd him 

 other preferments. The king's remcnflrance, however, 

 prevailed with his hoiincfs to withhold the grant of the fur- 

 ther favours which he had intended to confer on the exiled 

 prelate. The dillatisfadtion of the people of Ergknd with 



ihe 



