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the government of Riclianl II. increafing, arclibifliop Arun- 

 del had an opportunity of returning to his country, and re- 

 gaininjj liis dignitits. Wliilft he was in Dritany, in his way 

 Lome, lie was employed to folicit Henry duke of Lancaller, 

 who had been banifhed by Richard, to return from France, 

 and affume the ci-own : and having obviated the duke's 

 fcruples, the aecelRon of Henry IV. was accompanied with 

 the reftoration of Arundel to the metropolitan fee : and he 

 had the pleafure of placing the crown on the head of his 

 new mailer. At an early period of this reign, a defign was 

 formed of feizing the revenues of the church, in order to 

 fupply the exigencies of the public fervice. In a parliament 

 held at Coventry in 14C4 or 140J, and called "Parlia- 

 menti;m iNDOCTi'M," this meafurc was propofcd for exe- 

 cution. Arundel was prefcnt, rcmonftrated againil the pro- 

 pofal, and urged " that the clergy were at leaft as fervice- 

 able to the king by their prayers, as the laity by their arms ; 

 and that the kingdom could not expecl to profpcr as long 

 as the prayers of the church were dcfpifed." His fpirited 

 exertions prevented, for the prefent, the further profecution 

 of this violent meafure. The archbi_(hop having thus ref- 

 cued the teinporalitics of the church from depredation, ma- 

 nifelted equal zeal in preferving inviolate its internal conlU- 

 tution. He exerted himfelf for rtftraining the progrefs of 

 thofe new opinions, with regard both to doftrinc and wor- 

 fhip, which were dilTeminated by the Lollards or WicklifTites ; 

 and as the univerfity of Oxford was beginning to be infedcd 

 with thefe opinions, he appointed vifitors to examine and to 

 report the llate of that fcininary. He proceeded, in confe- 

 qucnce of the information he received from the inquifitorial 

 committee, delegated and fanftioned by his authority, to 

 perfecuie, with an abfurdity and cruelty which nothing but 

 the ignorance and bigotry of the times can in any degree 

 extenuate, thofe who were found chargeable with this new 

 herefy. Upon the authority of the act for burning heretics, 

 which patTed in the reign of Henry IV. and which remained 

 lor a long time a difgrnce to our ilatute books, a Lollard 

 was condenuied to the flames in 1410; and in the beginning 

 of the reign of Henry V. iir John Oldcaflle, lord Cobham, 

 a principal patron of the Lollards, was indicted by the pii- 

 niate, convided of herel'y, and fcntenccd to the flames. He 

 had fome time before attempted to procure an order from 

 the pope to dig up the bones of Wicklifl, which was refufed; 

 and he aftually procured a fynodical conflilution, which pro- 

 hibited the trandation of the fciiptures into the vulgar 

 tongue. It is faid that whillt the archbifliop was pronounc- 

 ing fentence of excommunication and condemnation on lord 

 Cobham, he was feized with an inflammation in his throat, 

 ■which prevented his taking any fullenauce, and loon termi- 

 nated in his death, Feb. zoth, 14)3. The death of the 

 prelate, as to the time and manner of it, was attributed by 

 the Lollards to the immediate interpofition of God : but 

 however fuperditious fuch judgments may be deemed in the 

 prefent enlightened age, the intolerance and cruelty of the 

 archbilhop will be univerfally condemned, and they will 

 entail jull reproach on his name and character as long as 

 a.nv records of him remain. Biog. Brit. 



ARUNDEL, in Geography, a coi-poration and borough 

 town of England, in the county of bulFex, feated on the 

 river Arun, whence its name. It fends two members to 

 parliament ; the corporation confifts of a mayor and twelve 

 burgcflTes ; it has two markets weekly, on ^Veduefday and 

 Saturday ; and is dillant from London fixty-one miles. It 

 has a harbour which admits veifels of one hundred tons 

 burthen, and which was repaired in 1733. The caftle, 

 wliich itands on the north-ealt part of the town, was con- 

 ferred by the emprefs Maud on William le Albano, as a 



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reccmpcnce for his defence of it againil king Stephen. It 

 dcfeended to the Norfolk family in 1 579, and the prefent 

 duke has expended large funis in repairing and adorning it. 

 To this place belongs the peculiar privilege of confeiring 

 the title of earl on its poflefTors without any patent or cre- 

 ation from the crown ; and Arundel is the premier earldom 

 in England. N. lat. 50" 45'. V/. long. 0° 25'. 



Arundel, a townlhip of America, in York county and 

 dillria of Maine, fituate between cape Porpoife and Bidue- 

 ford on the north-ealt, on the river Saco, twenty-one miles 

 north-eall from York, and ninety-fix north-call, from Bof- 

 ton. It contains 1.15S inhabitants. 



ARUNDELIAN Mariu.es, Marmora ylrunMiana, 

 or Osfurd Marbles, called alfo Parian Chron'ulc, are fup- 

 pofed to be ancient ftones, whereon is infcribed a chroni- 

 cle of the city of Athens, engraven in capital letters in the 

 idand of Paros, one of the Cyclades, 264 years before Jefus 

 Chrirt. They take their name from Thomas earl of Arun- 

 del, who procured them out of the Eafl, or from Henry 

 his grandfon, who prefented them to the univcility of Ox- 

 ford. 



Thefe marbles, and other ancient relics, were purchaled 

 in Alia Minor, Greece, and the iflauds of the Archipelago, 

 by Mr. William Petty, who was employed, in the year 

 1624, by Thomas earl of Arundel, in making fuch col- 

 leftions for him in the Eall. They were brought into Eng- 

 land about the year 1627, and placed in the gardens' be- 

 longing to Arundel houfc in Loudon. Soon after their ar- 

 rival, they excited very general curiofity among inquifitive 

 and learned perfons ; and Sir Robert Cotton engaged J.Ir. 

 Selden to explain the Greek infcriptions. Accordingly 

 Selden and two of his friends, Patrick Young, or Patri- 

 cius Junius, and Richard James, immediately undertook the 

 bufinefs ; and in the following year Selden publidied a fmall 

 volume in 4to. under the title of " Marmora Arundeliana," 

 containing about thirty-nine of the infcriptions, with anno- 

 tations. During the civil wars, Arundel houfc was often 

 deferted by its illulb.ious proprietors, and feme of the mar- 

 bles were defaced or broken, and others iloleu or ufed 

 for the ordinary purpofes of architcfture. The chronolo- 

 gical marble, in particuliu-, was broken and defaced ; at;J 

 the upper part containing thirty-one epoelias, is faid to 

 have been ufed in repairing a chimney in Arundel houfe. 

 In the year 1667, the Honourable Henry Howard, after- 

 wards duke of Norfolk, the graudfon of the firfi: colleftcr, 

 prefented thefe curious remains of antiquity to the uiiiver- 

 fity of Oxford ; and as Mr. Selden's work was beccmc 

 fearcc, bifhop Fell engaged Dr. Pridcaux, dean of Norwich, 

 to publiHi a new edition of the infcription, which was 

 printed at Oxford in 1 676, with additional notes and tranf- 

 lations, under the title of " Marmora Oxonicnfia, ex Arun- 

 delianis, Seldenianis, et aliis conflata." In 1731, Mr. Mat- 

 taire favoured the public with a m.ore comprehenfive view of 

 thefe marbles than cither of his prcdccefiors ; and in i 763, 

 Dr. Chandler publiflied a new and improved copy of tlitm, 

 in which he correded the miftakes 0/ the ftunier editors, 

 and fupplicd the laeun-.e in fome of the infeiiptions, parti- 

 cularly thofe of the Parian chronicle, by many ingenious 

 conjedures. 



'i'hefe marbles, in their perftd (late, contained a chrono- 

 logical detail of the principal events of Greece during a 

 period of 1318 years, extending from the commencement 

 of tlie reign ofCecrops in the year before Chriit 1582, to the 

 clofeof tlic archonate of Diognetus in the year before Chiill 

 264. But the clirouicle of the hill 90 years is loft, fo that the 

 part now re;naiuii;g terminates with the arehonfliip of Dio- 

 timus, 354 years before Chrill ; and in this fragment the 



infcription 



