A S C 



iSiMiA or monkey, defcribcd by Audebert in bis " Hiftoire 

 -dcs Singes," fam. 4. fett. i./T-. 13 ; and by Sonnini in his 

 late edition of the works of BuiTon, t. 36. This animal 

 was brougtit alive from Marfcillci to Paris, where it was 

 •painted; but the native coimtry is unknown. It is con- 

 jcdiired to be a. native of tlic American continent, being of 

 ihe family which tlie French nalmaliils call gmnons, as it is 

 obferved that all tlic fpecics iiithcrto difcoveixxi of that 

 family, are inhabitants of America. This is a i'lnall kind, 

 ■rieafuring about thirteen inches from the niu/./-le to the tail; 

 all the upper parts of the body are of a duiky olive colour; 

 beneath a deep jireyilh; face viulct-blue, with a Hat white 

 nofe, and a kind of black wh:il<;ers that reach from the 

 mouth to the ears; on the temples are tufts of white hair; 

 the eyes are red ; beard and breatt grey. Tliis is a fond, 

 lively, and aj;reejble animal, and very partial to fruit. 



AlSCAII^, in Grop-nfjy, a tov/n of France, in the dc- 

 ■yartnicnt of the Lower Pyrenees, four leagues from Bayonne. 



ASCALINC;IUM, in -Jiicuvil Geography, a town of 

 .Germany. I'tolemy. 



ASCALUN, a maritime to%vn of Paleftinc, and one of 

 .the five Satr4pi>.s of the Pi-.ihllines, lUuate on the Mediter- 

 ranean, and placed by Jofcphus at the diftance of 320 fur- 

 longs well of Jernfalem, between Azotus to the north, and 

 Gaza to the fouth. It was efteemed the Rrongeit on the 

 Phililline coall ; and yet the tribe of Judah, to whole lot it 

 fell, made themfelves mailers of it foon after the death of 

 Joduia. Venns, called Urania or Coclellis, was worduppcd 

 in this city; and Herodotus relates, that this temple was 

 ■pillaged by the Scythians about 630 years before the Chrif- 

 tian sra. There was another divinity, which was the object 

 of worfliip in this place, called by Diodonis Siculus, Der- 

 ■ceto, reprefented as half a woman and half a filh ; and near 

 it was a lake full of lilhes, confecrated to this goddefs, 

 which the inhabitants, on this account, reftrained from eat- 

 ing, as they alfo did from pigeons, fuppofed to be under her 

 proteftion. This city had its own kings, and was fuccef- 

 iivcly under the dominion ef the Aflyrians, Perfians, Greeks, 

 and Romans. It was the native place of Herod the Great, 

 who was hence called Afcalonites, and who built a palace, 

 ■which Augullns, after the death of Herod, gave to his filler 

 Salome. The port of Afcalon was at fonie dillance from 

 the city. This city was made an epilcopal fee from the 

 carlicll ages of Chrillianitv; and, durin;^ the holy war, was 

 adorned with many llately edifices, all which have been 

 iince mined by the Saracens and Turks. It is tUU in 

 being, though rednci.d to a fmall village called Scalona. 

 It was anciently famous for its efcallions, which took their 

 name from this town. N. lat. 31° 30'. E. long. ]6° 44'. 



ASCALPIIUS, in Entomology, the name of a Fabrician 

 genus of neuroptcious infedts, which in the Linnscan fyllem 

 belong to that of Alyrmckon. The character is, palpi nearly 

 equal, and filiform; jaw ciliated; lip horny, rounded, and 

 entire. In other works of Fabricius it is thus defined: 

 palpi fi.x, nearly equal, and filiform; antennae elongated 

 and clubbed. Gmelin forms a fubdivifion of his genus 

 Mynndcon, und.r the name afcalpus, in which arc included 

 the fpecies longicornis, barLarus> aullralis, and cayennenfis, 

 all of which are truly afcalphii of Fabricius. 



ASCANDALIS, in Aiuknt Geography, a town of Afia 

 Minor, in Lycia. Pliny. 



ASCANI A, a name given by Pliny to one of the idands 

 of the Archipelago. 



ASCANIA, a country of Afia Minor, in Bitliynia, ex- 

 lending from the liver and lake Afcan, hetweeu the fea, the 

 river Sengar, and mount Olympus. Sallnil. 



ASCANl.^,fmaUillandsonthecoailof thcTroade. Pliny. 



A S C 



ASCANII, in Entomology, a fpecies of Corcui.io, of » 

 cylindrical (liapc, black, and blueilli on the fides. Fabricius, 

 Herbll, £cc. — Ohf. Cnrculio cylindricus of Herbll apud 

 Fnefsli (Archives des Infcaes), is confidered by Gmelin as a 

 variety (/3) of this infee^. Inhabits the fouth of Europe. 



ASCANIUS, in Bhyraphy, called alio lulus or Ilus, the 

 foil of ..Eneas by Crciifa, the daughter of Priam ; or, as 

 others fay, by I.,avinia, accompanied his father in his flight 

 and dangers, and fucceeded him in the government of La- 

 vinium, in the year before Chrill 1177. He was called 

 Afcanius from a river of that name in Phrygia, and Ilus, 

 changed into lulus, from Ilium or Troy. Having defeated 

 Mezentius, king of the Tufcans, who demanded of the 

 Latins a tribute of all the wine produced in I.,atium, he 

 made peace with him upon condition that the Tiber fliould 

 he the boundary between the Latin and Hctrurian terri- 

 tories. When he found it expedient to refign Lavinium to 

 I^avinia and his fon Sylvius, he determined to build another 

 city for the place of his refidence, and the capital of his 

 kingdom, wlueh he called Alba Longa. Here he refided 

 about 12 years; and, after a reign of about 38 years, died 

 in this city in the year before Chrift 1140. Dion. Hal. l.i. 

 p.51, &c. Livy, 1. i. c. 3. 



AscANlus, in Entomology, a fpecics of Papilio {Eq. 

 Tro.). Above and beneath black, with a common white 

 band; pollerior wings clouded with red. Fabricius, &c. 

 Inhabits Brafil. — The body of this infeft is black, and the 

 breall is fpotted with red. 



AscANius, in Andc;it Geogrnphy, a river of Afia Minor, 

 in Bithynia, according to Ptolemy, by which the lake Afca- 

 nia or Afcanius difcharged its waters into the fea. Pliny 

 places it in a gulf near Etheleum. — Alfo, a port of Afia, 

 placed by Pliny near the city of Phocrea. — Alfo, a lake of 

 Afia Minor, in Bithynia, now the lake of Ifnich, near which 

 Pliny places the city of Nica;a. 



A SCAR A, in Geography, a town of Japan, in the pro- 

 vince ot Simoodfuke. 



ASCARDIC, the capital of the country of Afia, called 

 Little Thibet. 



ASCARINA, in Botany, (from cxTKafi,, a little worms 

 the anther having that Ihapc). Schreb. 1487. Forll. Gen. 

 5^). JufT. 442. Clafs, ilioecia m'.nandria. Generic Char. 

 '" Male flowers. Cal. amentum filiform; flofcules fcattered, 

 fefiile; /Vcwn//', a very fliort Icale. Cor. none. iVam. fila- 

 ments finglc, very fhort; anther oblong, from fpreading 

 recurve, four-furrow'ed, large. * Female flowers in a differ- 

 ent plant. Calyx as in the male. Cor. none. Pijl. germ 

 globofe; flyle none; lligma flat, three ■lobed, growing to 

 the germ. Per. drupe ? Seed, fingle. 



Efl". Gen. Char, ament filiform. Cor. none. Male an- 

 ther wormfliaped. Female, llylc none; iligma three-lobed; 

 drupe ? 



Species, l. ajcariua polyjlachya. Forft. Flor. AullraL 

 n. 364. A native of the Society iflcs in the South feas. 



ASCARIS, in Natural Hiflory, is the generic name of 

 thole creatures belonging to the tribe of Vermes inttjlina, 

 which have a round and elallic body, tapering towards 

 each extremity ; three jjrotuberances at the head ; tail ob- 

 tufe or fubulate ; and the inteilines fplral, milky white, and 

 pellucid. 



The knowledge of the ancients concerning thefe animals 

 was apparently very limited ; and they invariably confounded 

 the aCcarides with other inteftinal worms. To Redi much 

 credit is due for direcling his refearchcs to this intricate 

 fubjeft ; and though his difcoveries are not of material 

 moment, he was certainly the firll among modern writer* 

 who endcavouietJ to improve upon that knowledge which 



the 



