A &G 



A S C 



the ancients had left us. He defcribcs the afcarides of ths truly afcan'des, live in the ftomach of man or of animals ; and 



eagle, the raven, the fwan, and feveral other creatures, in his 

 work " De aalmaleuhs vivis qux in corporibiis animah'um vivo- 

 Tum reptriiintur Oi)fcrvationes." Amft. 170S. Some further 

 obfervations were made by different peifons atter the time 

 of Redi, but many years intervened befoi-e any confiderable 



their origin, which it is of the utmoft confequence to aicer- 

 tain, is lUlI a matter of profound obfcun'ty. The three 

 tubercles at the head have been miftaken by fome for the 

 accompaniments of the vent, becaufe there is obvioufly an 

 aperture or pore in the middle, but this is unquet'ionablv 



advances were made in tliis important branch of fcientific the mouth, and Brugiere notices two httle tranfverfe open'- 



inquiry. ings below, which he names Jllgmales ; and thefe, it is con- 



Although it is evident that feveral fpecies of the afcarides jedtured, are the organs of rcfpiration. 

 were mod clearly afceitained before the time of Linnseus, It will be proper to obferve, that befides the prodigious 



that celebrated naturahfl has thought proper to infert only number of afcarides already afcertained, there is a numc- 



two fpecies of thtm in his Syilema Nature, which are A. rous hgft of fimilar internal enemies peculiar to different ani- 



vermlailaris and A. lumhrlcu'uhs . In the laft edition of that mals which do not poffefs the generical charafler of the af- 



work, Gmelin has availed hiinfelf of more recent difcoveries, caris, and are therefore arranged in the new genera tricbo 



and has augmented that number to feventy-eight : fome fpe- 

 cies have even been difcovercd by naturalills fince the publica- 

 tion of that work, of which one or two is defcribed by 

 Dr. Pulteney in the Tranfadlions of the Linnasan fociety of 

 London for tlie year 1800; and there can be no juit: reafon 

 to doubt, that many other kinds of them exift in different 

 animals, which have hitherto efcaped invelligation. 



Profcffor Pallas publifhed an elaborate work on the afca- 

 rides and other inteilinal vermes, intitlcd, " Thefis de in- 

 fellis vlventibus intra viveiitia." It was printed at Leyden in 

 1760, and defervedly acquired a very dittinguilhed reputa- 

 tion. In this book the author has judicioufly collated 

 every ufeful information the labours of his predeccffors could 

 afford him, as well as his own experience and obfei-va- 

 tions, and has given ample defcriptions and accurate fpe- 

 cific diftinftions, by which the kinds, he defcribes may be 

 afcertained. 



O. F. Miiller has afGdnoudy purfued the fame inquiiy, 

 and greatly extended our knowledge of thefe creatures. 

 The royal fociety of Copenhagen alfo, aware of the vaft 

 importance of this fubjedt to the welfare of mankind, pro- 

 pofed a premium for the beft differtation on the origin, ge- 

 neration, and beft means of dellroying the various kinds of 

 ticn'iic, afcarides, fafc'iulis, and other pernicious •uermts, about 

 the year 1780. This excited the diligence both of M. Bloch 

 and M. Gocze, and to each of them a pvi/.e was affigned as 

 a reward for their labours. M. Bloch afterwards publifhed 

 liis differtation in the German language, at Berlin, in 1782 ; 

 and in 1788, a tranflation of it into French appeared 

 in Sirafburgh, under the title of " Traite de la genera- 

 tion des vers des inteftines et des vermifuges." Tliat of 

 M. Goeze was publithed in German with forty-four illuf- 

 trative plates, and is alfo a work of confiderable merit and 

 utility. 



Among the French naturalills of the prefent day M. La- 

 marck's " Syfteme des animaux fans vertebres," and 



cephalus, Jihuia, unchinaria, fcolex, ligula, Jlrotigylvt, echy- 

 norhynclms, hxnica, cucullanus, caryrjphylUus, lirigualula,faf. 

 c'lola, Uriia, Sec. The fpecies of afcaris defcribed by Gme- 

 lin are arranged in the following order : 



Infejling Man, and the Mammalia. 



Vermicularis, lumbricoides ; — vefpertilionis, in the long, 

 eared bat: — Phoeas, bifida, canis, vifcerahs, lupi, vulpis, 

 leonis, tigridis, felis, cati, martis, bronchialis, renalis, me- 

 phitidis, gulonis, talpas, muris, hirci, vituli, equi, fuis, 

 apri. 



Infejl'ing Birds. 



Aquilse, albicilla:, buteonis, milvi, fubbuteonis, herma- 

 phiodita, cornicis, coraciac, cygni, anatis, fuligulx, lari, 

 ciconia:, tarda;, papillofa, gallopavonis, gaUi, gallins, pha- 

 fiani, tetraonis, columbae, alaudae, fturni, turdi. 



Infejling Reptiles. 

 Tcftudinis, lacerts, bufonis, pulmonaiis, rubetrse, tra- 

 chealis, rana:, inteilinalis, dyfpnoos, infons. 



Infejiirg Fijbes. 

 Anguillas, marina, blennii, rhonibi, percae, globicola, \ttf 

 cuftris, iiluri, farionis, truttx, maraena:, acus,'^ halecis, ar- 

 gentina:, gobionis, rajs, fquali, lophii. 



Infejling Worms. 



Lumbrici. 



In the fcquel of this article we (liall confine ourfelves t* 

 the two fpecies of afcarides that belong to the human body; 

 VIZ. the A. lumbricoides and vermicularis, referring for th.eir 

 fcientific charadters to their fpecific nnmes. 



The afcarides of the firft fpec'es generally infeft the fmall in- 

 teftines ; fometimes they afcend through the duodenum into 

 the ilomach, and creep out of the mouth and noftrils ; they 

 feldom dcfcend into the large inteftines, except on the exhibi- • 



■" L'Hiftoire naturelle des vers," a fequel to Deterville's tion of medicines increafiiig the aftion of the intefti-ncs. So 



edition of Euffon, are much efteemed. " In fpiteof the ob- 

 fervations of all the writers who have treated on the afca- 

 rides," fays a modern French author, " it is to Lamarck 

 and Cuivicr we are indebted for circumfcribing the number 

 of fpecies within the proper limits." M. Chabert, a man 

 •of acknowledged (Ivill in the veterinai-y art, has alfo written 

 on the inteilinal vermes ; as a naturalift, it leems he has 



times they are very numerous. Dr. Hooper (to whofe excellent 

 Paper ill the Memoirs of the Medical Society of London we 

 are indebted for much of this detail) relates a cafe of a girl 

 eight years old who voided per anum upwards of 200 in the 

 courle of a w^ek. Sometimes, however, they appear even fo. 

 litary. ^yhen recently excluded, they are tranfparent, and ap- 

 pear as if they had been fucking watcr'tingcd with blood ; 



incurred fome blame ; his fpecies may however be afcertained, tliis colour, however, foon difappears, and they become at 

 and what is of equal if not greater moment than the mere length of a light opaque yellow. After being evacuated, their 



accuracy of arrangement and fcientific definitions, he has 

 endeavoured to point out the bell me::ns of extirpating 

 them. 



From the obfervations of different writers it appears, 

 that the afcarides are of the two fexes ; and that the female 

 IS oviparous and very prolific. 



Vol. IIL 



motion is feeble, and they foon die ; fcTinctimes when they 

 have been hallily evacuated, they will be ver)- lively, and 

 by means of j)Utting them into warm miilk and water, they 

 Will continue fo fur fome time. Their motion is ferpentine, 

 and in no refpeft refembles the motion of the lumbricus 

 All the fpecies that are terreilris, or earth-worm, which has the power of diminifh- 



ti 



ing 



