ASH 



fubjefl to be infefted with worms and other infc6\s ; but for 

 lopping of pollards, the fpring is preferable for all foft 

 woods. 



Great attention has lately been paid to the planting of 

 this ufeful timber tree in different parts of the kingdom. 

 According to the tranfactions of the Society of Arts, near 

 Great Finborough in Suffolk, Mr. WoUafton has planted 

 twenty acres ; and at Butstield near Durham, Mr. White has 

 covered thirty-five acres ; in Kent a ftill larger extent of land 

 has been planted by Mr. Day of Frindfbuiy ; and at Bufcot, 

 near Farringdon, Berklhire, Edward Loveden Loveden, 

 efquire, is faid to have planted thirty-three thoufand on 

 feven acres and nine perches ; in Staffordlhire, fix thouiand 

 have been fet by Mr. Sneyd of Belmont ; and in Weftmore- 

 land, the billiop of Landaff has planted eleven acres with 

 twenty thoufand. In Scotland hkewife, fomething has been 

 done in the cultivation of afh timber; in Cromarty, forty-two 

 thoufand have been planted by Mr. Rofs ; and fifty-feven 

 tlioufand by the earl of Fife, in the county of Muri-ay. 



The allies refulting from the combullion of this kind of 

 wood, are found to contain good pot-afh in a larger pro- 

 portion than mod other kinds of green wood. 



Ash, Bitter. See Quassia Amara. 



A%H-IFecd. See jEgopodium. 



AS HA, in Geography, a town of Germany, in the arch- 

 duchv of Auftria, four miles north of EflFending. 



ASHAJA-TUSLA. See Son. 



ASHAN, in Scripture Geography, a city in the tribe of 

 JuJah (Jofluia xv. 42.): but, perhaps, afterwards fur- 

 rendered to Simeon. (Jo(h. xix. 7.) According to Eufe- 

 bius, Beth-Artian was 16 miles welt from Jerufalcm. 



ASHAU, in Geography, a river of Germany, in the 

 circle of Lower Saxony, which runs into the Lechte, near 

 Zell. 



ASHBOURN, a town of England, in the county of 

 Derby, on the eaft fide of the river Dove ; its weekly mar- 

 ket is on Saturday ; diftant north-north-well 139 miles from 

 London. N. lat. 5:5^. W. long. 1° 35'. 



ASHBURNHAM, formerly Dorchefur-Canada, 3.tovfn 

 of America, in Worcefter County, in Maffachufets, 30 

 miles north of Worcefter, and 54 from Bofton, was incor- 

 porated in 1765, and contains 951 inhabitants. In this 

 town(hip is a white land, which is thought to be fit for 

 making fine glafs. ' 



ASHBURTON, an ancient borough town of England, 

 in the county of Devon, which fends two members to par- 

 liament ; it hes in a valley, with Jiills to the north and 

 fouth. It is one of the four ftannary towns of Devon (hire; 

 and has in its neighbourhood mines of tin and copper. It 

 has two weekly markets, one on Tucfday, chiefly for woollen 

 yarns, for the accommodation of the ferge manufatlure 

 which is carried on in the town ; and one on Saturday, for 

 provifions. This town gives the title of baron to the 

 family of Dunning. It i^ diftant weft-fouth-weft from Exe- 

 ter 19 miles, and 191 5 weft from London. N. lat. 50° 30'. 

 W. long. 3° 10'. 



ASHBY, a townlhip of America, in Middlefex county, 

 Maffachufets, fifty miles north-weft from Bofton ; contain- 

 ing 751 inhabitants. 



AsHBY ite la Zouch, a town of England, in the county 

 of Leicefter, near the borders of Derbyftiire ; the principal 

 trade of the town depends upon the making of malt ; its 

 market is on Saturday. The decayed callle, which was 

 formerly the property of the family of de la Zouch, now 

 belongs to the earl of Huntingdon. It is diftant 17 miles 

 north weft from Leicefter, and 1 145 north from London. 

 N. lat. 52° 40'. W. long. 1° 20'. 



ASH 



ASHCUTNEY, or Asacutnev, a mountain of Ame- 

 rica, in Vermont, fituate partly in the townfhjps of Wind- 

 for and Weathersfield, and oppofite Claremont, on Sugar- 

 river, in the ftate of New Hampftiire. It is 2031 feet above 

 the fea, and 1732 feet above high water in Connecticut 

 liver, which runs by its eaftcm fide. 



ASHDOD, 'in Ancient Geography. See AzoTus. 



ASHDOTH-PISGAH, a city in the tribe of Reuben, 

 fo called from j-n"lJJ>J<, luell-waUred places, and fituated 

 in the fertile plains at the foot of mount Pifgah, or at the 

 fprings of Pilgah ; whence its name. 



ASHENAGUR, a province of India, correfponding 

 with the countiy of the Aflacani, in which Alexander 

 warred, on the weft of the Indus, fituate at or near the 

 conflux of the Penje-koreh and Sewad rivers, and two 

 marches from Bijore. The prefcnt Sewad is part of the 

 ancient province Aflienagur. Rennell's Memoirs, p. 150. 



ASHER, the fon of Jacob, by Zilpah, gave deno- 

 mination to one of the twelve tribes which was fettled 

 on the north-weft of the province of Lower Galilee, in 

 a ver)' fertile country producing abundance of com, and 

 wine, and oil, of the bell kinds, with Phoenicia weft, mount 

 Libanus north, mount Carmel and the tribe of Iflachar 

 fouth, and Zebulun and Naphtah eaft. It contained fome 

 confiderable cities near the fea, but no fea-port of any note. 

 This tribe never pciTeffed the whole extent of diftrict af- 

 figned to it, which was to reach to Lib.inus, Syria, and 

 Phoenicia. 



As HER, a city of Paleftine between Scythopolis and 

 Shechem. — Alfo, according to Eufebius, a large town be- 

 tween Azoth and Afcalon. 



ASHES, in Chemifiry. This is a term of general im- 

 port, which is applied to the pulverulent refidue left after 

 the combuftion of any fubilance whatever. In this fenfe, 

 the combuftion of metallic bodies has been faid to yield me- 

 tallic ajlies, but to thefe the terms calx and oxyd have been- 

 fubftituted ; and it is only vegetable and animal matters 

 that are now faid to afford afties after burning. 



To confume vegetable or animal fubftance to aflies, the 

 free accefs of air is requiiite, more particularly with the latter. 



Vegetable Jljhes. When a vegetable is fet on fire, a va(t 

 quantity of aqueous vapour firft efcapes, together with the 

 component parts of moftof llieothervegetableprinciples, fuch. 

 as the native juices, the acids, the fugar, the oil, &c. which, 

 latter either burn with flame or are driven off in a denfe 

 fmoke. The more folid carbonaceous part requires a longer 

 continuance of heat, and a free accefs of air for its complete 

 combuftion ; but when this is ttTeftcd, a certain portion of 

 white or grey afties remain behind, confifting of the fixed 

 faline, the earthy, and the metallic ingredients. In general, 

 it is found (as would be espetted) that the watery, fuccu- 

 lent, and herbaceous plants, yield a lefs quantity of afhes 

 than the hard and woody parts of vegetables ; but there 

 are numerous exceptions to this rule, as the hardnefs of 

 texture is more determined by the quantity of carbonaceous 

 matter. A very violent heat either melts the afties into a 

 Jlag or fcoria, or diffipates their fahne ingredient, and leaves 

 only the earthy and metallic ; fo that a certain manage- 

 ment of the fire is requifite in order to procure the greateft 

 pofTible quantity of afties from vegetable inatter. 



From the faline ingredient are procured thofe very import- 

 ant articles in chemiilry and manufafture, the Jixed aliallet, 

 both vegetable and mineral ; the former diftinguiftied ac- 

 cording to its fpecies and purity by the terms ivood ajhesy 

 pearl-ajh, pot-afi of commerce, fait of tartar, or fait of luorm' 

 <wood ; the latter by the terms natron, barilla, kelp, and 

 fada. 



As 



