A S J 



to obedience ; in which they fucceeded ; hut the event effec- 

 tually (topped the navigation of the river Anadyr. 



In the mean time, captain Pavhizky liad arrived, the 3d 

 of September 1730, at Anadyrlkoi oftrog. From that place 

 in 'he enfuing fummer he marclscd on an expedition againlt 

 the refradory Tlhuktflii. Pavlu'/ky opened his can-.paign 

 the twelfth of March 1731, his force conlitling- of 2 15 Ruf- 

 fians, 160 Kuriaks, and 60 Yukagirs. He took the road 

 acrofs the fources of the rivers Uboina, Bela, and Tfchcrna, 

 which fall into the Anadyr, advancing direclly north towards 

 the Frozen ocean, and leaving the head of tlie Anadyr to 

 the left. Of the other rivers which he eroded nothing is 

 known, as there was nobody to inform him of them, or tell 

 their names. After a courfe of two months, in which they 

 conld not proceed above ten verfts a day, and that oi.ly by 

 refting at times, Pavluzky came to the Frozen ocean, at a 

 place where a conridcr:ible river dilembognes into it, but the 

 name of which he could not learn. He now proceeded four- 

 teen days eallward along the coall, moftly over the ice, 

 without obfcrving any mouths of rivers, as they were often- 

 times obliged to Iceep out on the ice at a dillance from land. 

 At length they perceived a great troop of Tlhuktihi advanc- 

 ing towards them, apparently intending to come to an en- 

 gagement with them. Pavluzki, by an interpreter, fummon- 

 cd them to furrender to Ruffia ; which, on their peremptorily 

 refufing to obey, he immediately attacked them, and had 

 the good fortune to give them a total defeat. This hap- 

 pened on the 7th of June. 



After reding one week, Pavluzky continued his march, 

 and at the latter end of June came to two rivers that dif- 

 eharge themfelves into the Frozen ocean, at the dillance 

 of a day's journey afundcr. On the bank of the latter of 

 thefe rivers, on the 30lh of June, a fecond battle was 

 fought, which terminated as happily as the former. 



They now lay ftill for three days, then proceeded to 

 T(hukotflioi-nofs, refolving to go right acrofs it to the Ana- 

 dyrfkian fea, when a third time they faw advancing towards 

 them a numerous army of Tfliuktfhi, colleftcd together from 

 both coads. Here on the fourteenth of July was fought the 

 third battle, in which the flaughter on the enemy's fide, 

 ■was greater than the advantage on that of the Ruffians ; as, 

 notwithftanding their defeat, the Tfliuktfhi would hearken 

 to no terms of fubmiffion or tribute. Among the fpoil 

 were found many articles that had belonged to the Kozak 

 colonel bheftakof, and were loft in the engagement that hap- 

 pened near the ftream Yegatfii. That affair therefore was 

 thus amply revenged ; efpecially as in all the three battles, 

 not more than three Ruffians, one Yukagir, and five Koriaks, 

 were left on the field. It was affirmed, that among the 

 killed of the enemy in the laft. encounter, one was found 

 who had a hole in the upper lip on each fide of the mouth, 

 in which pieces of the walrufs tootli were inferted. 



Pavluzky now marched triumphantly acrofs Tfluikotfl-ioi- 

 nofs, in which he had to climb over the fummits of huge 

 mountains, and ?.t the end often days happily reached the 

 other coaft. Here he fent 08 fome of his people by water 

 in haidars ; but remained himfelf, with the greater part of 

 Iiis followers on fliore, and kept along the coall, which there 

 ftretches fouth-ealhvard, fo that every evening he received 

 reports from the ba'dars. On the feventh day they came 

 lip to the mouth of a river, and twelve days after, to that 

 of another, from which, at the diftance of about ten verfts, 

 a point of lard runs far out into the fea, which at firft is 

 -^nountainous, but terminates in a plain extending as far as the 

 ,eye can fee. This point is probably the fame that obliged 

 captain Beering to put back. One of the mountains is by 

 the inhabitants of Anadyrfltoi ollrog called Serdzekamen. 



A S I 



Pavluzki hence turned in land, and returned to Anadirfk 

 the twentv-firft of October, by the fame way that he went 

 out. 



Mr. Mailer fpeaks of the ardent zeal which M. Kerilof, 

 at that time fecretary of the fenate, manifcfted for the fuc- 

 cefs of thefe difcoveries in 1732. 



Havim^ related what information has been obtained from 

 the RufTinns, and particularlyfrom the indefatigable Mr. Miil- 

 ler, we Ihall now proceed to deliver, as briefly as poflible, 

 what we gather from other authors, more ancient. 



Pere Anil was informed by a vaivodc, that the people 

 dwelling about the Kovyma frequently went to the fliores of 

 the Frozen ocean to purine the inorfes, for the fake of their 

 teeth. M. Witfen, jullly celebrated for his perfevering 

 diligence, from about 1 670 to 1692, in the difcovery of theic 

 unknown countries, fays, that " the great projefting point, 

 which he calls cape Tabin, extends near to America ; that 

 about fifty or threefcoremen, coming from the Lena, a little 

 before 1 692, put out to fea in the Frozen ocean ; and, having 

 turned to the right, came to the point agajnll which the 

 fields of ice driving from the north ftrike with their whole 

 force, &c. It was therefore not poilible for them to double 

 this cape, nor to perceive its extremity from the mountains 

 of the north-call of that point of Afia, which is not ex- 

 tremely wide in that place ; they remarked that the fea was 

 free from ice on the other fide, that is, the fouthern ; whence 

 it may be inferred that the land of that point extends fo far 

 to the north-eall, that the floating ice, coming down from 

 the north, cannot pafs on the foutliern fide." 



M. Buache, from whom this pafiage is taken (Confider. 

 Geograph. p. 105, 106.) corroborates and jlluflrates the ac- 

 count thus : " The firfl pieces of ice (he faysj coming 

 from the north, flop at the ifland between the cape and 

 America, and on the fliallows which conneft it to the two 

 continents ; thefe large flakes, accumulating on one another, 

 form a furt of bridge ; and it is only then, that the others 

 which afterwards come down from the north, are unable to 

 pafs to the fouth, &c. On this point (continues M. Witfen) 

 are found men who wear little Hones and pieces of bone in- 

 ferted in their checks, and feem to have a llrong affinity 

 with the North Am.ericans." 



Kxmpfer, in 1683, fparing no pains that might any way 

 lead to the knowledge of the northern regions, was inform•^ 

 ed by fcvcial perfons, that the GreaterTartary was joined by 

 an ifthmus, compoted of lofty mountains, to a nciglibouring 

 continent, which they fuppofed to be America. He was 

 fhewn the firft maps of the Rufllan empire, laid down 

 fome years before, without degrees of longitude. On them 

 appeared t'everal confiderable capes on the eaftcrn fliores of 

 Siberia ; one of them, too large for being comprifed within 

 the border of the map, which was cut in wood,^ was abruptly 

 fliortened by it. This is the point fpokcn of by M. Witfen ; 

 but at that time, it is faid to have been thought more near 

 to Ruffia than it really is. 



Ifbrandt Ides, from informations carefully taken in 1693 

 and 1694, fpeaks of Kamtfliatka, as of a town, which, with 

 the furrounding country, was inhabited by the Xuxi and 

 Kocliki (Tfliuktdii and Koriaks) ; fays, that the cape of ice 

 is a tongue of land projefting into the fea, where it is inter- 

 fered by feveral arms of water, which form gulfs and ifles 

 above Kamtfliatka ; the fea has an entrance frequented by 

 the fifhermen ; here are the towns Anadyrlkoi and Sabatfka 

 (on the map, and according to others Sabatfia), inhabited 

 by the two nations above-mentioned. The inhabitants of 

 Yakutik go to cape St. abalfia, Anadyr, Kamtlhatka, &c. 

 in queft of the narval. 



The Swcdifh officer, who was a prifoncr in Siberia from 



1709 



