ASP 



timber. From its lightnefs, it might however probably be 

 uftd to advantage for the purpofe of common ticld-gates, 

 hurdles, and otlier fimilar \ifcs. In Mr. Marfhall's trtatife 

 on Planting, it is rcprefented as wholly unlit lor being fet in 

 fuch grounds as are intended to be kept for plcafure, on ac- 

 count of the great number of fuckers that arc annually 

 thrown up by it. See Populus. 



ASPENDII, in j^tirinit Gtogrnphy, a people of Pamphy- 

 lia, who inhabited the town of Afptndus. They fortified 

 their town in order to difpule the payment of the tribute 

 which they had promifed to Alexander ; but he marched 

 againft them, and compelled them to fubmit ; and after- 

 wards doubled the tribute which he had at firll demanded. 



ASPENDUS, a town of Pamphylia, filuate upon the 

 Eurymedon, at the dillanee of 6c lladia from the fta, accor- 

 ding to Strabo, who fa) s that it wab well-peopled, and that it 

 had been founded by a colony from Argos. In M.D'An- 

 villc's map, it is placed between Perga and Sida. 



AS PER, or Spiiutus Aster, in Grammar, denotes a 

 character, or accent, in form of a f ; placed over certain let- 

 ters, in the Greek tongue, to ihew they are to be flrongly 

 afpiratcd, and that the breath is here to fupply the place of 

 an h: as iJif, wa.'ir. The fpiritus afper, or that mark 

 which correfponds to the letter H, was undoubtedly in ufe 

 among tlie ancient Greeks. Their H was at firlt a fpiritus 

 afper, and was taken from the Hebrew p, and was retained 

 in the fame figure H in Latin. The Greek H was uled in 

 ancient monuments, initead of a fpiritus alper, and tiie fame 

 letter Hands for loo, becaufe they wrote the word ixalor, 

 thus, HEKATON. Nevertheli is, the ancient Grecians did 

 not judge it nccellarj- always to exprcfs this afpiration upon 

 their monuments. Thus upon a medal of the Tyrians we find 

 lEPAC. Hence it is very doubtful, whether this afpira- 

 tion was in common ufe in the time of the apoftles ; and 

 it becomes much more doubtful, when we confider, that 

 the moft ancient vcrfions fo frequently conlound kvIoi- with 

 dvlo;, that both words fecm to have been written without an 

 afpiration. Marlh's Michaehs, vol. li. p. 522. See Aspi- 

 rate. 



AspER, orAsPRE, in Cemmfr«, fignifies a fmall Turkifh 

 filver coin, wherein moll of the grand fignior's revenues 

 are paid. 



The afper may be cHimated at 6 dcniers (one farthing). 

 —The only inipreffion it bears is that of the prince's name 

 under whom it was rtruck. — The pay of the janizaries is 

 only dillributed every three months, and has a progrcffive 

 incrcale from 3 afpers to 99 ; and 99 afpers are equivalent 

 to 49i fous, or about two-lhillings and three farthings. 

 But from an tllimate made of tile rel'pective currency, t!ie 

 courfe of exchange reduces it to 39 fous 6 dcniers (is. 

 7d. J); though this calculation is mucli above the intrinllc 

 \alue of this coin. 



AsPER, in Conchology, a fpecies of Murex defcribed by 

 Martin, (Couch. 4. t. 150.) The Ihell is plaited longitudi- 

 nally, and ribbed tranfverfcly ; fpire rather prominent ; aper- 

 ture ovate; and the lip crennlated. This kind is reddilh ; 

 whorls about five or fix, and the ribs acute. Ginelin. In the 

 Gmcli;iian Sv/lema Nature, there is alfo another fpecies of 

 MuKUX vmdcr the fame name, which is a native of Guinea; 

 the whoi4s of the fpire are hilcated tranfverfely, ftriated, 

 and muricatcd ; and the tail (or beak) afcending. The 

 colour is milky white, with rows of brown dots ; fohd, 

 with from twelve to fourteen furrows ; aperture rather 

 oval ; and a fingle plait on the pillar lip. Gmclln. 



The firtl fpecies belongs to the ftction Caudiger'i, Cauda 

 fubulata claufa refla clongata, tcfla inermi (or murices, 

 with fubulutc, (Iraight, elungatcd, and clofed beak, and 



ASP 



ftiell UTiarmed) ; and the fccond to turrit! fubulati, cauda 

 breviflima (murices tapering, fubulate, and furniilied with 

 a very (hort beak). 



AspER, a fpecies of Trochus, figured by Chemnitz, 

 the native place of which is unknown. I'he fiicll is obtule; 

 whorls round, with many rows of tubercles, fulcatcd and 

 ftriated tranfverfely ; pillar-lip dentalcd ; aperture luiiatcd. 

 This kind is of the middle lize, cinereous, or teftaceous ; 

 lip plaited and rugofe within. 



A si'FR, in iin/omo/o_^'V, a .fpecies of Cerambyx [Stcno- 

 corus r'ab.j, a native ot Italy, and figured by Sulzer. It is 

 black, rough, thorax armed with two fpines ; wing-cafes 

 tuberculated in the middle. Sulzer, &c. 



Aspi R, a fpecies of Scarab;eus found in Europe; the 

 head and thorax arc grooved tranfverfely ; wing-cafes ftriated. 

 Eabricius, &c. 



AspER, a fpecies of Cancer found on the Britilh coafts. 

 The thorax" is heart-lhaped, fpinous ; two fpines on the 

 probofcis ; legs and arms Ipinous. 



AsPER, in Ichtliyolo^y, a fpecies of Perca. It is faf- 

 ciated with yellowifh, and has thirteen rays in the fecond 

 dorfal fin. Jonllon, Ray, and others, call this afper pif- 

 cicuhis; and afper pifcieuhis, gobionis fimilis. 



ASPEKA Arteria, in Anatomy. See Arteria Af- 

 per a. 



AspERA, in Conchulngy, a fpecies of Tellina, about 

 an inch and three quarters in length, and three inches in. 

 breadth. This (licU is pointed at one end, yellowifh with- 

 in, and externally radiated, and rough, with tranfverfe 

 Ilrix. Gmclin. Country unknown. 



ASPERANA, in Eulomolugy, a fpecies of Phal^na 

 (Torlrix), found in the vicinity of Hamburgh, and other 

 parts of Europe. The anterior wings are white at ths 

 bafe, brown at the tip, and rough. I'liis infcA belongs to- 

 the Tortrix fetlion in the Einnasan and Gmelinian arran're- 

 ments ; in that of Fabricius to the feiiioD Pyralis. 



ASPERELLA, an European fpecies of Phaljena, of 

 the Tinea tribe. The anterior wings are whitidi, emarginate 

 at the tip, with two common black fpots. Thisis phalsna 

 tinea alls albidis ; macula communi fufca, apicibus nigro 

 pundlatus rctufis of Linn. Fn. Sv. 



ASPEREN, in Geography, a fmall town of Holland 

 in the country of Gorkum or Arkel, feated on the Lin^c, 

 two leagues north-eall from Gorkum, and five fouth from 

 Utrecht. 



ASPERGELLOUS, in Botany, the name given by 

 Mlclieli to that genus of molTes called by Dillenius and 

 others,- ■Z'v/'^«- 



ASPERGILLLTM, \w AnUquity, a long biufh made of 

 horfe-hair, fixed to a hauiUe, wherewith the luftral water 

 was fprinklcd on the people, in luftrations and purifications. 

 Horfley Brit. Rom. lib. ii. cap. I. 



This is alio denominated nfpcrgUi; and afperforium. The 

 ancients, inllead of a brulh, made ufe of branches of laurel 

 and olive. It is alfo ufed in Ecckfmjlicul IVritcrs, to denote 

 the iallrument in Ilomilh churches, wherewith holy water 

 is fprinkled. 



ASPERIFOLIOUS, in Botany, one of the divifions or 

 clafies of plants in the Fragmenta Method! Naturalis of Lin- 

 na;us ; fo denominated, becaufe they are ufually rough- 

 leaved. According to Mr. Ray, tlicfe plants make a di- 

 ftinft genus, the charafters of which are, that the leaves 

 Hand alternately, or without any certain order, on the 

 ftalks : the flowers are nionopetalcus, but they have the 

 mavgin cut into five divifions, fometimes deep, fometimes 

 (hallow ; and the upper fpike or top of the plant is often 

 curved back, fomething like a fcorpion's tail. 



In 



